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Objective. the objective of the present work was the detection of Leishmania sp. in Rattus rattus tail base skin through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Material and method. We analyzed 45 Rattus rattus skin samples from the urban area of the city of Corrientes in Argentina. The Leishmania spp detection was performed by nested PCR technique. Results. Leishmania DNA was detected in 22 samples out of 45 processed (49%) in the first round of amplification, and in 14 samples (31%) in the second round (31%). Conclusions. These results contribute to increase the existing information in our region on the possible relationship between Leishmania and Rattus rattus, considering the high prevalence found in skin added to the total absence of lesions. Other aspects should be further studied to establish the role of these animals in the epidemiological chain of the disease in an urban area endemic to leishmaniasis in other animal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: detectar Leishmania sp. en piel de cola de Rattus rattus a través de técnicas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Material y Método: Se analizaron 45 muestras de piel de Rattus rattus del área urbana de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina. La detección de Leishmania sp se realizó mediante técnicas de PCR anidada. Resultados: En la primera ronda de amplificación se detectó ADN de Leishmania en 22 muestras de 45 procesadas (49%) y en 14 muestras en la segunda ronda (31%). Conclusiones: Estos resultados contribuyen a aumentar la información existente en nuestra región sobre la posible relación entre Leishmania y Rattus rattus, teniendo en cuenta la alta prevalencia encontrada en piel sumado a la total ausencia de lesiones. Otros aspectos deberán seguir estudiándose para establecer el rol de estos animales en la cadena epidemiológica de la enfermedad en una zona urbana endémica a leishmaniasis en otras especies animales.

Objective. To identify by molecular techniques the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in an equine sarcoid, and to carry out its histological characterization. Materials and methods. Using a sarcoid lesion from a Pinto Americano mare, nucleic acid extraction and identification by molecular techniques was performed. A partial region of the gene corresponding to the L1 segment of papillomavirus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, then it was sequenced and analyzed using BLAST algorithm. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the tissue was performed and analyzed under a 100X light microscope. Results. BPV-2 was detected in the equine sarcoid lesion, and the lesion was classified as nodular according to its morphological and histological characteristics. Histopathology showed a fibrotic lesion, with exophytic neoplasia and expansion of the spinous layer. Conclusions. The study established for first time the presence of BPV-2 in an equine sarcoid in Costa Rica using molecular techniques and its association with a nodular-type sarcoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Identificar mediante técnicas moleculares la presencia de papilomavirus bovino (BPV) en un sarcoide equino, y realizar la caracterización histológica de este. Materiales y métodos: A partir de lesiones de sarcoide en una yegua de raza pinto americano se realizó la extracción de ácidos nucleicos para su identificación mediante técnicas moleculares. Se amplificó el gen correspondiente al segmento L1 para papilomavirus a través de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, se secuenció y luego fue analizado utilizando el algoritmo BLAST. Se realizó tinción de hematoxilina-eosina del tejido y se analizó en microscopio de luz 100X. Resultados: Se detectó BPV-2 en la lesión de sarcoide equino; el sarcoide se clasificó como nodular de acuerdo con sus características morfológicas e histológicas. La histopatología mostró una lesión fibrótica, con neoplasia exofítica y expansión del estrato espinoso. Conclusiones: El estudio demostró por primera vez la presencia de BPV-2 en un sarcoide equino en Costa Rica utilizando técnicas moleculares y su asociación con un sarcoide de tipo nodular.

Objective. Identify the presence of West Nile virus in horses and mosquitoes in eight municipalities of the department of Meta. Materials and methods. The research was supported by the Bioethics Committee of the University of Los Llanos. 613 samples of Creole and quarter-mile equine horses, intended for sports and work activities, with an age range of 2 to 15 years, were analyzed using serological and molecular tests in the transects: Villavicencio-Restrepo-Cumaral, San Martín- Castilla la Nueva-Granada and Puerto López-Puerto Gaitán, analyzed in 62 pools and 213 mosquitoes. The pool of sera of horses and mosquitoes were analyzed by ELISA and PCR. Results. No seropositive animals were found by the ELISA test and molecular tests were also negative. Conclusions. Although in this study the presence of IgM antibodies was not evidenced by the Elisa technique, and molecular tests (RT-PCR) were also negative for viral circulation, in the municipalities under study, it is important to indicate that the molecular detection in sera, it requires representative levels of viremia and that the animal is in the acute phase of the disease. Although it is possible that the equine population remains free of contact with the virus, epidemiological surveillance should be maintained against this important pathogen for human health, especially due to the outbreak of other zoonotic viruses such as Eastern Equine Encephalitis and Encephalitis Venezuelan Equine in the departments of Meta and Casanare, adjacent to this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo. Verificar la presencia del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC) en aves de sistemas productivos de traspatio (SPT) de parte de la zona central de Chile. Materiales y métodos. Entre 2013 y 2015, un total de 1,579 hisopados orotraqueales fueron colectados de gallinas, pavos, patos y gansos pertenecientes a 328 SPT de la zona central de Chile. En cada SPT, los hisopos colectados de aves de la misma especie fueron agrupados en el mismo tubo con medio de transporte formando un pool compuesto por no más de 5 muestras. Los pooles fueron analizados por RT-PCR a tiempo real. Resultados. De un total de 364 pooles, 6 resultaron positivos al virus de la ENC. Los pooles positivos correspondieron a gallinas de las regiones de Valparaíso (n = 1) y Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins (n=5). Ningún pool correspondiente a pavos, patos o gansos fue diagnosticado positivo. Conclusiones. Los resultados positivos demuestran la presencia del virus de la ENC en SPT en Chile. Esto podría deberse a la circulación de cepas lentogénicas del virus transmitidas por aves silvestres o bien al contacto con cepas vacunales administradas en los planteles industriales cuyas aves vacunadas pueden finalizar como SPT.

Objective: To identify the presence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in birds from backyard production systems (BPS) in parts of the central zone of Chile. Materials and methods. Between 2013 and 2015, a total of 1.579 orotracheal swabs were collected form chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese belonging to 328 BPS from the central zone of Chile. In each BPS, swabs collected from birds of the same specie were grouped in the same tube with transport medium forming a pool composed of no more than 5 samples. Pools were analyzed by real time RT-PCR. Results. Out of a total of 364 pools, 6 were positive for NDV. All positive pools corresponded to chickens from the regions of Valparaíso (n=1) and Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins (n=5). Pools corresponding to turkeys, ducks or geese were diagnosed as negative. Conclusions. The positive results demonstrate the presence of NDV in BPS in Chile. This could be due to the circulation of lentogenic strains of the virus transmitted by wild birds or to the contact with vaccinal strains administered in industrial production systems whose vaccinated birds may end up in BPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study aimed to report the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas among houseflies (Musca domestica) in Shahrekord and Isfahan provinces of Iran. Materials and methods. Flies were caught from household kitchens, cattle farms, animal hospitals, human hospitals, slaughter house and poultry farms and put in collection separate sterile tubes. Isolation was accomplished by culture of flies in alkaline peptone water followed by identification with Aeromonas-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results. Out of 600 houseflies 73 (12.2%) were infected with Aeromonas spp. Significantly higher frequencies of Aeromonas were isolated in Shahrekord province (13.0%; 39/300) than in Isfahan province (11.3%; 34/300). The recovery frequencies of the organisms were significantly lower in kitchens as compared to those in cattle farms and hospital wards which were similar. Higher proportions of infected flies were obtained during summer whereas low proportions were obtained during winter. Conclusions. It is concluded that houseflies do harbor diarrheagenic pathogens, including Aeromonas especially during summer. The carried organisms are resistant to a number of antimicrobials at different levels. Thus, future plans aimed at stemming infections caused by these organisms should take flies into account. Control efforts of infections caused by this particular bacterium should therefore take into account Musca domestica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]