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The study about development, reflected in the spatial distribution, from an institutional perspective, about the problems of imbalance that are evident through development indicators, focusing on the analysis of the influence of Pan American highway in the development of the department of Cauca. This highway produced changes in socioeconomic dynamics that favored a very small part of the territory, this is reflected in patterns of clustering were possible to specialize with socioeconomic indicators. With this established the degree of distance and marginalization of communities that living in the territory with reference to development processes from a spatial axis (Pan American highway). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]