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Objetivo. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por alteraciones en el desarrollo, dificultades de interacción social y comunicación, y patrones restrictivos y repetitivos de conducta. A pesar de su alta prevalencia, pocos estudios se han realizado en ambientes de rehabilitación. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características de los niños con TEA atendidos en el Servicio de Rehabilitación Pediátrica del Hospital Rebagliati (SRPHNERM). Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de niños menores de 14 años con diagnóstico previo de TEA atendidos en el SRP-HNERM durante el 2022. Resultados. Se evaluaron a 120 niños con TEA. La mediana de edad fue de cinco años. La mayoría recibía educación regular, pero solo para el 9,8% fue inclusiva. La media de edad de diagnóstico fue de 3,83 años. El 78,4% no tenía certificado de discapacidad y el 77,5% tenía evaluación psicológica incompleta. La mediana del tiempo transcurrido desde las últimas sesiones de terapia física, ocupacional y de lenguaje fue de 3, 8 y 3,5 meses respectivamente. Conclusión. La media de edad de diagnóstico de TEA fue mayor de tres años y más del 75% de los pacientes no contaban con un certificado de discapacidad ni con una evaluación psicológica completa. La mediana del tiempo desde las últimas sesiones de terapias de rehabilitación fue de tres meses o más. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de potenciar el diagnóstico temprano, la educación inclusiva y la evaluación y posterior certificación de la discapacidad, así como de establecer intervenciones más oportunas.

El virus del Zika produce desenlaces adversos para el desarrollo del sistema nervioso. Este estudio describe el neurodesarrollo cognitivo, adaptativo, comunicativo, social y motor de niños expuestos intrauterinamente al virus del Zika y hace una evaluación del neurodesarrollo con la escala de Battelle a los tres años después del nacimiento. Participaron 30 niños con una media de edad al momento de la evaluación de 37,5 (RIC: 35,7–39,2) meses. Se halló una edad equivalente en meses en las áreas: motora 25,8 (DE: 7,8), adaptativa 26,7 (DE: 5,8), comunicativa 30,2 (DE: 6,9), personal social 33,5 (DE: 8,3) y cognitiva 35,6 (DE: 5,9). Los niños presentaron retraso en el desarrollo para la edad cronológica, 25 niños presentaban retraso en una de las cinco áreas evaluadas. Una alta proporción de niños expuestos al virus del Zika durante la gestación presentaron retraso en el desarrollo, principalmente en el dominio adaptativo y motor.

Objective. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by developmental alterations, difficulties in social interaction and communication, and restrictive and repetitive behavioral patterns. Despite its high prevalence, few studies have been conducted in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) settings. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of children with ASD treated at the Pediatric Rehabilitation Service of Rebagliati Hospital (PRS-ERMNH). Materials and methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Medical records of children under 14 years of age with ASD treated at PRS-ERMNH during 2022 were reviewed. Results. A total of 120 children with ASD were evaluated. The median age was five years old. Most received regular education, but for only 9.8% it was inclusive. The mean age at diagnosis of ASD was older than three years. 78.4% did not have disability documentation and 77.5% of them had incomplete psychological evaluation. The median time since the last physical, occupational, and speech and language therapy sessions were 3, 8 and 3.5 months, respectively. Conclusions. The mean age at diagnosis of ASD was older than three years, and over 75% of the patients did not have disability documentation or undergo a complete psychological assessment. The median time since the last rehabilitation therapy sessions was three months or more. These findings emphasize the need to enhance early diagnosis, inclusive education, and disability evaluation and documentation strategies, as well as to establish more timely rehabilitation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus infection affects the development of the nervous system. This study describes the cognitive, adaptative, communicative, social and motor neurodevelopment of children exposed to Zika virus in utero. We used the Batelle scale to assess neurodevelopment three years after birth. Thirty children were included, who had a mean age at evaluation of 37.5 (IQR: 35.7-39.2) months. We found the following equivalent ages in months for each area: motor 25.8 (SD: 7.8), adaptive 26.7 (SD: 5.8), communicative 30.2 (SD: 6.9), social personal 33.5 (SD: 8.3) and cognitive 35.6 (SD: 5.9). Children showed development delay for their chronological age, 25 children were delayed in one of the five areas assessed. A high rate of children exposed to Zika virus during gestation presented delayed developmental age, mainly regarding the adaptive and motor areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La anemia en niños menores de tres años es un problema de salud pública en el Perú y el mundo. Se estima que la causa principal de la anemia, aunque no la única, es la deficiencia de hierro. Existen muchos estudios y revisiones sobre cómo esta carencia en los infantes impacta negativamente en el desarrollo psicomotor y, a pesar de corregirse la anemia, los niños con este antecedente presentan, a largo plazo, un menor desempeño en las áreas cognitiva, social y emocional. Estos hallazgos se describen en estudios observacionales, de seguimiento, así como en experimentales con grupo control. La anemia puede disminuir el desempeño escolar, y la productividad en la vida adulta, afectando la calidad de vida, y en general la economía de las personas afectadas. Se describen algunos posibles mecanismos de cómo la deficiencia de hierro, con o sin anemia, podría afectar el desarrollo en la infancia; por ello, causa preocupación la alta prevalencia de anemia que se observa en este grupo de edad. La prevención de la anemia en el primer año de vida debe ser la meta para evitar consecuencias en el desarrollo de la persona a largo plazo.

The development of the nervous system is a complex process that results in the maturation of structures, the acquisition of skills and finally the formation of the individual as a unique person. This review contains information about the main characteristics of the processes of brain development, the characteristics of normal neurological development in different areas: gross and fine motor, language, sensory and socialization; and it is also accompanied by a description of the major changes in the development, identifiable in the daily clinical work of pediatricians. Our goal is to enhance knowledge in this key area of assessment of early childhood to detect problems sufficiently in advance for their timely intervention.

En este artículo se describen y comentan aspectos vinculados con el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, poniendo énfasis en los primeros años de vida, periodo en el cual este proceso alcanza velocidad crítica en las estructuras y funciones más importantes de la economía humana. Se reafirma que ello puede contribuir a que la sociedad disponga de una generación cada vez mejor de adultos, los que a su turno serán capaces de contribuir a construir un mundo mejor y dentro de él una sociedad que goce de mayor bienestar. En un primer capítulo se mencionan consideraciones de orden general sobre la evolución favorable de la sociedad de humanos, sustentada en la calidad de sus futuros adultos, lo que equivale a decir de los logros que alcancen sus actuales niños. Un segundo capítulo menciona los aspectos básicos sobre crecimiento y desarrollo, en las diferentes esferas y los diversos fenómenos que en él se dan. En el tercero hacemos referencia a las oportunidades perdidas y los factores negativos que pueden incidir retrasando el proceso y con ello dando lugar a no obtenerse los logros esperados, en el cuarto se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones ratificando la concepción inicial de que un buen cuidado temprano del niño sirve para construir una sociedad mejor, y se formulan algunas recomendaciones para hacer del mismo una buena práctica.

This article describes and discusses issues related to the process of childhood growth and development, with emphasis on the early years, a period in which this process reaches critical speed on major structures and functions of the human economy. We reaffirm that this can contribute to the social availability of a generation of increasingly better adults, which in turn will be able to contribute to building a better world and within it a society that enjoys greater prosperity. In the first chapter, we discuss the general considerations on the favorable evolution of human society based on quality of future adults, meaning the accomplishments that today’s children will gain. A second chapter mentions the basics of growth and development in the different fields and the various phenomena that occur in it. In the third we refer to lost opportunities and negative factors that can affect delaying the process and thereby result in not obtaining the expected accomplishments. In the fourth, conclusions and recommendations are presented confirming the initial conception that good early child care serves to build a better society and some recommendations are formulated to make it a good practice.

El desarrollo del sistema nervioso es un proceso complejo que tiene como resultado la maduración de las estructuras, la adquisición de habilidades y, finalmente, la formación del individuo como persona única. La presente revisión recoge información acerca de las principales características de los procesos de desarrollo cerebral, las características del desarrollo neurológico normal en las diferentes áreas: motora gruesa y fina, lenguaje, sensorial y socialización; se acompaña también de una descripción de las principales alteraciones en el desarrollo, identificables en la consulta diaria del pediatra. Nuestro objetivo es reforzar el conocimiento en esta área clave de la evaluación del niño menor de cinco años para detectar problemas con la debida antelación para su intervención oportuna.

Anemia in children younger than 3 years is a public health problem in Peru and worldwide. It is believed that one of the primary causes of anemia is iron deficiency. Numerous studies and reviews have reported that iron deficiency limited psychomotor development in children and that, despite the correction of anemia, children with iron deficiency experienced poorer long-term performance in cognitive, social, and emotional functioning. These outcomes were reported in observational studies, follow-up studies, and experimental studies with a control group. Anemia can decrease school performance, productivity in adult life, quality of life, and the general income of affected individuals. Here we describe possible mechanisms underlying the effect of iron deficiency, with or without anemia, on childhood development. The high rate of anemia in this age group is a cause for concern. Moreover, anemia should be prevented in the first year of life to avoid long-term negative effects on individual development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the experience of the MEF's impact evaluation management as one of the RBB instruments and documents the design and results obtained from three impact evaluations of the most emblematic government social programs. The Service of Visiting Families (SAF) of the National Program "Cuna Mas", conditional cash transfer Program "JUNTOS" and National Program "Pension 65" focusing on objective population's health the outcomes. Among the main results, it was found the SAF generated improvements in cognitive and communication development in children, but had no impact on mothers' child care practices or children's nutritional status. In the case of JUNTOS, there were increases in per capita spending, food expenditure, decreases in severity and poverty gap, increases in school attendance and reductions of school dropout. However, no significant results were found in most indicators of prenatal health, child health, or chronic malnutrition. In the case of Pension 65, there were increases in household consumption and improvements in elderly's emotional health (depression, self valoration); but there was no evidence of increases in the use of health services by the elderly or improvements in their physical health. Therefore, it is recommended that such programs boost their designs and inter-sectoral coordination with MINSA and subnational institutions, in order to improve contents of healthy practices and child care, and optimize the provision of health and education services, in order to meet the demands of their users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivos. Determinar los niveles de plomo y otros problemas de salud en menores de 10 años residentes en las comunidades de Quiulacocha y Champamarca, Pasco. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en septiembre de 2005. Se incluyó a todos los niños de ambas comunidades altoandinas aledañas a relaves mineros. Se realizó medición de los niveles de plomo y hemoglobina en sangre así como la evaluación antropométrica y del desarrollo psicomotor. Resultados. La prevalencia de intoxicación por plomo (Pb>10 µg/dL) fue de 84,7%, la media de plumbemia fue 15,79 ± 4,85 µg/dL (rango: 6,17-34,53 µg/dL). La mayoría (55,8%) de los niños de ambas comunidades estaban con desnutrición crónica, 23,0% tenían anemia, y 5,9% tenían retardo mental. Los niños de Quiulacocha tenían un desarrollo psicomotor normal en 79,2% de los casos y en Champamarca 85,4%. Conclusiones. Cuatro de cada cinco niños de estas comunidades tiene intoxicación plúmbica. Los relaves mineros son una fuente de contaminación por plomo para los niños que viven en zonas aledañas, se deben realizar intervenciones en estas comunidades.

The development of the nervous system is a complex process that results in the maturation of structures, the acquisition of skills and finally the formation of the individual as a unique person. This review contains information about the main characteristics of the processes of brain development, the characteristics of normal neurological development in different areas: gross and fine motor, language, sensory and socialization; and it is also accompanied by a description of the major changes in the development, identifiable in the daily clinical work of pediatricians. Our goal is to enhance knowledge in this key area of assessment of early childhood to detect problems sufficiently in advance for their timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and discusses issues related to the process of childhood growth and development, with emphasis on the early years, a period in which this process reaches critical speed on major structures and functions of the human economy. We reaffirm that this can contribute to the social availability of a generation of increasingly better adults, which in turn will be able to contribute to building a better world and within it a society that enjoys greater prosperity. In the first chapter, we discuss the general considerations on the favorable evolution of human society based on quality of future adults, meaning the accomplishments that today's children will gain. A second chapter mentions the basics of growth and development in the different fields and the various phenomena that occur in it. In the third we refer to lost opportunities and negative factors that can affect delaying the process and thereby result in not obtaining the expected accomplishments. In the fourth, conclusions and recommendations are presented confirming the initial conception that good early child care serves to build a better society and some recommendations are formulated to make it a good practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Determine levels of lead and other health problems in children under 10 years living in communities Quiulacocha and Champamarca, Pasco. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in September 2005. We included all children from both communities living near mining waste. Standardized measurement of lead levels and blood hemoglobin and the evaluation of anthropometric and psychomotor development. Results: We did the measurement of lead levels and blood hemoglobin and the evaluation of anthropometric and psychomotor development. Results: The prevalence of lead poisoning (Pb> 10 mg/dL) was 84.7%, the average plumbemia was 15.79 ± 4.85 mg/dL (range: 6.17- 34.53 mg/dL) . The majority (55.8%) of children of both communities was chronically malnourished, 23.0% had anemia, 5.9% had mental retardation. Quiulacocha and Champamarca children had a normal psychomotor growth in 79.2% and 85.4%, respectively. Conclusions. Four out of five children of these communities has lead intoxication. The mine tailing are a source of lead pollution on children living in surrounding areas, interventions must be made in these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]