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The reintegration of Bessarabia in the Romanian political system generated the return of the intellectuals living outside the country's borders, on the left bank of the Prut River to the national spiritual sources. Released from external constraints, the provincial Romanian thinkers, scientists, literates and artists were able to fully manifest themselves on the national and European cultural arena. The cultural associations represented at the time an effective tool for disseminating the innovative ideas of the political and intellectual elite. They promoted and preserved national cultural values, spread modernizing ideas and democratic principles of social organization. This article discusses the evolution of the Bessarabian Regional Committee within the Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People ("Astra") in the interwar period. The paper presents the contribution of Transylvanian and Bessarabian intellectuals to the spiritual growth of the Romanians living in the area between the Prut and Nistru Rivers, the methods they applied and the challenges they faced in the process of attaining their set goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]