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Introduction: The pneumology in developing countries is practiced in a singular context: population mostly younger, endemic tuberculosis, high prevalence of HIV infection and growing pollution., Objective: The aim of this study is to present respiratory pathology evolution in hospitalization of pneumology department in black Africa., Methodology: Our study is retrospective and descriptive. We consulted the register of hospitalization activities from January 1998 to December 2007., Results: The age group of 20-49 years represents 78.36% of all patients. Tuberculosis (TB) remains the first affection from 1998 to 2007 with a frequency varying between 38.2% and 45.2%. The cases of pneumonia are in regression since 2001, but cases of febrile alveolar interstitial pneumonia (FAIP) increase. The pathologies bound to tobacco addiction are rare. HIV infection is associated to TB (82.86%), to pneumonia (77.22%), to FAIP (92.23%). On 832 cases of death recorded, 46.15% of deaths are assigned to TB, 15.98% to pneumonia and 14.66% to FAIP. The global lethality of the TB and the pneumonia is respectively 20.1% and 17.6%. The one of FAIP is 32.5%. Mortality attributable to TB and pneumonia decreases progressively but the one attributable to FAIP remains important., Conclusion: Respiratory pathology is dominated by TB, pneumonia and FAIP. These pathologies associated to HIV infection cause a strong mortality., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)