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Objectives Prevalence of SLE varies among studies, being influenced by study design, geographical area and ethnicity. Data about the prevalence of SLE in Spain are scarce. In the EPISER2016 study, promoted by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, the prevalence estimate of SLE in the general adult population in Spain has been updated and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables has been explored. Methods Population-based multicentre cross-sectional study, with multistage stratified and cluster random sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to carry out a questionnaire for the screening of SLE. Investigating rheumatologists evaluated positive results (review of medical records and/or telephone interview, with medical visit if needed) to confirm the diagnosis. To calculate the prevalence and its 95% CI, the sample design was taken into account and weighing was calculated considering age, sex and geographic origin. Multivariate logistic regression models were defined to analyse which sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables included in the telephone questionnaire were associated with the presence of SLE. Results 4916 subjects aged 20 years or over were included. 16.52% (812/4916) had a positive screening result for SLE. 12 cases of SLE were detected. The estimated prevalence was 0.21% (95% CI: 0.11, 0.40). SLE was more prevalent in the rural municipalities, with an odds ratio (OR) = 4.041 (95% CI: 1.216, 13.424). Conclusion The estimated prevalence of SLE in Spain is higher than that described in most international epidemiological studies, but lower than that observed in ethnic minorities in the United States or the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) may act as a link between inflammation and cardiovascular disease through several effects including the induction of insulin resistance (IR). The purpose of this study was to clarify if long-term modulation of inflammatory activity by TNFα inhibitors in RA patients has some influence on insulin sensitivity.Methods: Sixteen RA patients treated with anti-TNFα agents were followed during one year. Disease activity was assessed by DAS28, IR was determined by using Homeostatic Model Assessment-2, body composition was evaluated by impedance analysis, physical activity by accelerometry, abdominal fat distribution by magnetic resonance imaging, and serum level of key adipokines were quantified by ELISA.Results: Body mass indices were increased significantly after one year (25.71±3.20 vs 28.06±4.57 kg/m2, p=0.02) of treatment. Body composition interms of fat and fat-free mass had not changed except for a significant elevation of body cell mass (25.50±4.60 vs 26.60±3.17 kg, p=0.02). Values of visceral intraabdominal and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were not modified. Levels of IR, beta cell production or insulin sensitivity did not change along the study. Basal levels of adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, ghrelin, resistin, and apelin did not change in response to anti-TNFα treatment; only retinol binding protein 4 showed a significant change (51.7±32.7 vs 64.9±28.4 μg/mL, p=0.03) at the end of the study.Conclusions: Insulin resistance, adiposity distribution, body composition, andserum levels of adipokines are not significantly affected by long-term inhibitionof TNFα in RA patients. Our findings question the suggested beneficial role ofanti-TNFα treatments in insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]