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In the present paper we offer some considerations on Peter Cole's figure and work. Peter Cole is an important poet and translator of the Hebrew and Arabic poetry produced in Spain around the 10'h and 15*' centuries. These considerations are developed in the frame of Kabbalah and its History, specifically we will focus on Abraham Abulafia, one of the most essential character in the Kabalistic tradition. Abulafia acts as a kind of bridge to know the poetry of Kabbalah from a detailed point of view. In this sense we collect in the second part of the paper an interpretation of five selected poems from the Kabbalistic tradition and we explore their meaning, power and strength of the verses from own Cole's view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of the mother tongue and the acquisition of French as the language of her writing play a capital role in the theoretical and literary work of Julia Kristeva. This paper aims to analyze Kristeva's ideas on bilingualism and language loss as well as their historical and ideological context by using the latest scholarship on literary multilingualism. Special attention will be paid to Kristeva's concept of language and the individual as strangers to themselves. Additionally, this paper endeavors to establish a channel of communication between Kristeva's ideas and the theories of intercultural hermeneutics, a school which proposes reading foreign literary texts as a means of unearthing the prejudices of our own culture while approaching the world of the text respecting its irreducible otherness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers the notion of semantic attenuation (Langacker 1985, 1990) as a bleaching process that involve subjectivity and thus can operate as the basis for the formation of cierto 'certain' as an attenuative marker where assertiveness is downplayed. The notion of intersubjectivity proposed by Delbecque for cierto (2009) is revised based on the range of meanings attested in discourse in Mexican Spanish. Intersubjective-objective uses are to be distinguished from intersubjective-interlocutive ones as the second type depends crucially on the interaction between speech participants. The study shows that the attenuative uses of cierto do not come from the adjectival intersubjective uses but from the fuzzy specific-indefinite determination of cierto and other fixed constructions (en cierta manera 'in some way', hasta cierto punto 'up to some degree/point') which diminish the degree of assertiveness of a sentence. The first samples of attenuation come from modifying scalar properties with negative associations and, from those uses, other assertive reducing effects take place. Finally, the paper shows that the digressive marker por cierto which operates at the level of discourse continuity lacks the semantic properties to fully operate as an attenuative marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current Spanish, there are different examples of infinitives introduced by a seemingly superfluous preposition: the infinitives can be preceded by the preposition de (Le dijo de ir), by the preposition a (Lo mandó a callar) and by the preposition para (Le dijo para ir de inmediato). The aim of this paper is to show that the presence of this preposition is intimately linked to the original final value of the infinitive and that this origin is translated in the current syntax of the exhortative and volitive verbs and in the lexical and grammatical aspect that the infinitive can express, according to the syntactic context. From the history of the language, it is intended to explain the current state of the infinitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explain the role that paratexts play in novels -and literary works in general- that imitate or reproduce musical patterns, supporting the thesis that they are often decisive for generating a musical reading of a text. A body of works from Spanish and Latin American fiction seldom explored from this perspective and the conceptual frame developed by Wolf or Petermann constitute the basis for an explanation of the various meanings that titles may acquire. Special attention is paid to the issue of how to understand generic titles as "sonata", "symphony" or "fugue" when they point out to a musical dimension that is otherwise difficult to justify. Also, it is proposed a distinction between paratexts with a weak or a strong deontic power, as well as the idea that without some kind of thematisation, there is not musical imitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the use of Spanish nominal address terms in Mexican literary works: Los bandidos de Río Frío (1892-1893), by Manuel Payno, Los de abajo (1915-1920), by Mariano Azuela, and the play Los albañiles (1969), by Vicente Leñero. The quantitative and qualitative analyses are based on the occurrence of address terms types with two grammatical (Spanish second-person systems and the grammatical category of the corresponding nominal phrase head) and two pragmatic variables (the interpersonal relationship of the speaker with the referent of the address term and the evaluation that the first attributes to the second). It is observed that the use of nominal address terms does not follow a stable pattern based on these variables, among other factors that intervene in communicative contexts. Instead, variability is the most common situation. In addition, the same type of address term may undergo changes in dialogic dynamism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper are the conditions of use and discourse functions of nominal forms of address (NFA) in dialogical interactions. The corpus includes Cervantes's six Entremeses and two Novelas Ejemplares. In the first part, we analyse the sociopragmatic conditions for NFA selection. We highlight the relevance of adding a third variable, status, to the classic ones: power and distance, in order to adequately explain the selection of forms in both asymmetric or hierarchical relationships and symmetric ones in different social groups. This variable is associated to the acknowledgement of social identity and position, which lies at the foundation of social rganization of European modern societies. It also advocates for the convenience of including discursive factors such as genre constraints and interaction dynamical development. In the second part, we analyse the functioning of NFA at two discourse levels: conversational organization and turn management and rapport management and linguistic politeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the personal style of the Count of Tendilla, captain-general of the kingdom of Granada, in his last collection of letters (1513- 1515). Specifically, the study focuses on an analysis of the changes in forms of address, depending on the image the Count wished to project of himself and the effect he wished to have on the recipient. The letters show two basic patterns in the forms of address: 1) etymological voseo -or use of "vos" as a second person singular pronoun; and 2) indirect forms of address (vuestra merced, vuestra señoría, vuestra alteza) in semantic and syntactic concordance, depending on the social value and emotional tone of the letter. The study unveils a widely varied repertory of grammatical and discourse strategies, such as the direct nature of vos, which makes it possible to bridge the gap between the interlocutors, the use of the vocative señor as a means of deference and attenuation, along with the use of indirect forms of address to acknowledge the noble status of the interlocutor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the Spanish construction resulta que + [clause] from a discourse syntax approach, a macro-syntax. The current use of the structure shows that its conceptual meaning fades and acquires a procedural one related to discourse’s informative dimension; mainly, the characterisation of the information introduced as “surprising” or “not expected”: resulta que mis amigos nunca quisieron que me fuera [“as it turns out, my friends never wanted me to leave”]. Resulta que + [clause] is not as fixated as other discourse elements, such as discourse operators or markers. However, it belongs to the same category of other syntactic constructions which trigger a wide range of discursive values and are not usually tackled by traditional syntactic studies. This research analyses its internal structure and its discourse functioning in order to embed it in a framework which takes into account the potential of this kind of structure in grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the expressions formed by ni with non clausal phrases (noun phrase with preposition, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, infinitive, gerund). From this structure come several expressions of rejection very common ones in the current colloquial Spanish, like ni hablar, ni pensarlo, ni queriendo, ni soñando, ni de coña, etc. emerge from this structure. The starting hypothesis is that these expressions, despite coming from different base categories, have a very similar discursive behavior in conversational discourse and show a high level of grammaticalization. To carry out this research, we use the communicative exchanges included in the Corpus MEsA, which includes discourse from Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube, blogs, digital forums and web pages of diverse themes. The methodology followed is the Macrosyntax model of Fuentes Rodríguez (2019a), developed from Pragmatic Linguistics (Fuentes Rodríguez 2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a kind of discourse operator insufficiently studied: the operators that indicate deontic modality, especially those introduced by modal operators in Spanish like por fuerza, in order to locate the insertion of elements belonging to the plane of the modality in the structure of sentence. Checking characteristics of these terms: its distribution, its incidence, its grammaticalization, it can contribute, on the one hand, to its categorical and functional definition and, on the other hand, to development of discourse grammar or macrosyntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-discourses are blocks of text that enjoy unity of meaning. A new hypothesis holds that micro-discourses also enjoy syntactic unity. The syntactic structure of micro-discourses is formed by pragmatic statements that have functions and are combined through relationships. This paper tries to test if the syntactic structure of micro-discourses is kept in their translations. A positive result would be empirical proof that the aforementioned hypothesis is true. Our analysis compares the syntactic structure of different translated micro-texts (exposition, enumeration, conversation, etc.) and shows that their syntagmatic structure is almost the same when translated, thus confirming the initial hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents certain cases in which the Spanish discourse marker por (lo) tanto connects non-phrasal utterances, in a type of contexts that we propose to call “reduced contexts”. This marker takes part in consecutive structures and in most cases alternates with other expressions, such as por consiguiente, en consecuencia, así que and conque. This study aims to analyze the syntactic, semantics and macrosyntactic features of the structure introduced by the form marker, in both prototypical and reduced contexts, with the goal of considering possible differences when comparing it with examples in which the latter expressions introduce an illative relation. This study was preceded by a previous one in which the quantitative and formal features of this discourse marker were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the expressions formed by ni with non clausal phrases (noun phrase with preposition, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, infinitive, gerund). From this structure come several expressions of rejection very common ones in the current colloquial Spanish, like ni hablar, ni pensarlo, ni queriendo, ni soñando, ni de coña, etc. emerge from this structure. The starting hypothesis is that these expressions, despite coming from different base categories, have a very similar discursive behavior in conversational discourse and show a high level of grammaticalization. To carry out this research, we use the communicative exchanges included in the Corpus MEsA, which includes discourse from Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp, YouTube, blogs, digital forums and web pages of diverse themes. The methodology followed is the Macrosintaxis model of Fuentes Rodríguez (2019a), developed from Pragmatic Linguistics (Fuentes Rodríguez 2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-discourses are blocks of text that enjoy unity of meaning. A new hypothesis holds that micro-discourses also enjoy syntactic unity. The syntactic structure of micro-discourses is formed by pragmatic statements that have functions and are combined through relationships. This paper tries to test if the syntactic structure of microdiscourses is kept in their translations. A positive result would be empirical proof that the aforementioned hypothesis is true. Our analysis compares the syntactic structure of different translated micro- texts (exposition, enumeration, conversation, etc.) and shows that their syntagmatic structure is almost the same when translated, thus confirming the initial hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents certain cases in which the Spanish discourse marker por (lo) tanto connects non-phrasal utterances, in a type of contexts that we propose to call "reduced contexts". This marker takes part in consecutive structures and in most cases alternates with other expressions, such as por consiguiente, en consecuencia, así que and conque. This study aims to analyze the syntactic, semantics and macrosyntactic features of the structure introduced by the form marker, in both prototypical and reduced contexts, with the goal of considering possible differences when comparing it with examples in which the latter expressions introduce an illative relation. This study was preceded by a previous one in which the quantitative and formal features of this discourse marker were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a kind of discourse operator insufficiently studied: the operators that indicate deontic modality, especially those introduced by modal operators in Spanish like por fuerza, in order to locate the insertion of elements belonging to the plane of the modality in the structure of sentence. Checking characteristics of these terms: its distribution, its incidence, its grammaticalization, it can contribute, on the one hand, to its categorical and functional definition and, on the other hand, to development of discourse grammar or macrosyntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the Spanish construction resulta que + [clause] from a discourse syntax approach, a macro-syntax. The current use of the structure shows that its conceptual meaning fades and acquires a procedural one related to discourse's informative dimension; mainly, the characterisation of the information introduced as "surprising" or "not expected": resulta que mis amigos nunca quisieron que me fuera ["as it turns out, my friends never wanted me to leave"]. Resulta que + [clause] is not as fixated as other discourse elements, such as discourse operators or markers. However, it belongs to the same category of other syntactic constructions which trigger a wide range of discursive values and are not usually tackled by traditional syntactic studies. This research analyses its internal structure and its discourse functioning in order to embed it in a framework which takes into account the potential of this kind of structure in grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scattered and limited studies on the work of Pablo De Santis tend to consider that his texts are crossed by the detective genre, but at the same time there are no productions justifying this claim. Therefore, in this paper I focus on La traducción (originally published in 1998 and finalist of the Premio Planeta in 1997), with the intention of analyzing the ways in which this novel uses and works with different aspects of the detective genre. First, I analyze the double spatial delimitation and the presence of a foreign language as elements that allow us to associate La traducción with the classic detective fiction. Then I focus on the problem of the nationalization of detective fiction and the figure of the superintendent, two factors that allow us to associate the novel with the local tradition of detective fiction. I also analyze the history of sea lions, parallel to the main plot, in which I find ways to set a link with the hard-boiled fiction. Finally, based on the various issues identified, I finish the paper with a reflection on the possible uses of the concept of genre. With the sum of these elements, I see that La traducción expresses a deep knowledge and precise work of De Santis with the detective genre, even though the author denies its character of detective fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the disciplines that has been studied in recent years under the umbrella of lexical semantics is terminology. This paper investigates the terminology of a specialised language, that of the leather industry, in order to analyse the observable conceptual relationships. The paper first reviews different approaches to the terminological typologization of the conceptual relationships with regard to examples from our corpus. The second part consists of a case study on the term petaquero. Finally, I suggest a typology of the conceptual relations according to the classification suggested by Casas Gómez, adding some relations identified on the basis of the Communicative Theory of Terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic colour terms are studied from four approaches: linguistic relativism (Gleason & McNeill), linguistic universalism (Berlin & Kay), the neurophysiological model (Kay & McDaniel) and cognitivism (Wierzbicka). Terms of colour share a common chromatic feature. According to Coseriu, they form a two-dimensional lexical area, non-sequential, which would be interpreted as a multidimensional lexical area, hierarchical, non-sequential, from the approach of Wierzbicka. The paper discusses the consequence for language if the hypothesis is correct that, from a physiological point of view, there is a hierarchy in the colour field focused on the RGB model, where the chromatic occupies a nuclear place and the achromatic a peripheral one. Although the paper includes colour terms from several languages, special attention is paid to Spanish and Chinese. The following aspects are in focus: 1) Reference and denotative meaning - their symbolic value; 2) Reference and denotative meaning - their connotative sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the continuity of verbs formed with the preverbs (preverbal morphemes) ante-, pre-, pos(t)- and sub-during the way from Latin to present-day Romance, in particular for Spanish. Without changing the grammatical meaning of the lexical stem, preverbs operate a semantic modification, as Coseriu coined it. The common analysis as the derivational counterpart of suffixation is misleading since preverbs are essentially an instance of composition including an adverb and a verb. Consequently, preverbs are not simple affixes but basic components in semantic terms. This paper shows how the semantic values of the preverbs transcend the verbs which currently contain them in their morpheme structure, independently of being inherited or learned words, or even verbs newly created in Romance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with linguistic synaesthesia, that is, a combination of words inside a phrase that conveys a semantic transposition between different domains of human perception. The effect is particularly pronounced in combinations of sensorial adjectives with nouns that do not belong to the same perceptive domain, as in color chillón 'shrill (= shrilling/crying-out) colours'. The paper aims to delimit the concept of synaesthesia in lexical semantics and to differentiate it from other types of polysemy such as metaphor. Moreover, the paper suggests an explanation for the transposition process and the observable combinatory patterns. It further points out the most efficient paradigm for this explanatory model. The starting point is componential semantics, but features belonging to the semantics of speech as well as to pragmatic and cognitive linguistic theories are also taken into account and examined for their explanatory capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a corpus of ego-documents from the 19th and 20th centuries, the paper offers the result of a variationist analysis to set the factors affecting the selection of forms article + que in relative clauses headed by preposition a with a human antecedent. The data show that, despite the remarkable vitality that still enjoys the traditional form in this context (the pronoun quien), several factors begin to favor the diffusion of the innovative variant in that seminal period. As usual in early stages of language change, the explanatory hierarchy begins with structural factors, among which are selected as significant those related with the antecedent (the distance between antecedent and pronoun, indeterminacy or definite determiner, semantic nature) and with the type of relative clause (non-defining). From the sociolectal point of view, the data show that there has been a change from below, especially in the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emphasizes the importance of composition over quantity in child language corpora. The 'representativeness' guaranteed in corpora of spoken language usually concerns only the quantitative aspects of the data, the qualitative properties associated to the nature of those corpora being not always well defined. Particularly, they are barely considered in language development corpora. The present, theoretical-methodological contribution explains the need of attributing relevance to child language samples, by using qualitative criteria related to the peculiar characteristics of the language- in-process. Child language is not documented enough, so rather than "reference corpora", guaranteed to be quantitatively representative, child language corpora are valuable due to the meaning of the samples and their peculiar properties. More concretely, three aspects are argued to be of relevance in the data of a language acquisition corpus: (a) evolutionary records of longitudinal data; (b) variables of idiomatic context and usual environment, responsible of the input; and (c) dense sampling, or with a diversity of individuals, that can reveal relevant patterns and not only the most frequent ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Known primarily as the bishop and governor of Paraguay, Bernardino de Cárdenas was involved in a historic controversy due to his opposition to the Jesuit missions in the Guarani region during the 17th Century. Nevertheless, his job as "Extirpator of Idolatries" in the Peruvian Andes has gone unnoticed. This paper aims to explore his career as a missionary in the Charcas area (1620s) and it focuses on the two versions of a little known memorial in which he wrote about his experiences as a priest in the Andes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the maintenance and elision of the intervocalic /d/ phoneme in the Spanish spoken in the city of Seville. For this purpose, the study is based on PRESEEA materials from the high sociolect of Seville's citizens, which is made of semi-structured surveys recollected between 2009 and 2015. The aim of this paper is to analyze what linguistic and extralinguistic (social and stylistic) factors influence the phonological variation of the dental. The results have been obtained from the application of statistic correlations and regression analyses in order to study the influence of independient linguistic variables in the conservation or elision of intervocalic sound. Our research is completed with the description of the individual uses of the speakers in the general phonetic context and the -ado phonetic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the presence of the academies in Calderón de la Barca's comedias. First of all, it will be considered the typology of academies used by the author, its tradition as entertainment and its particular characteristics. Then, it will be examined how they are used as a literary topic, regarding its thematic and metrical aspects, in two religious plays, El José de las mujeres and La sibila del Oriente, in one 'capa y espada' comedia, El hombre pobre todo es trazas, and in one 'palatina' comedia, El secreto a voces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a glimpse into the main reasons behind the inquisitorial censorship of the vernacular hagiography during the Counter- Reformation, from the second half of the 16th Century to the first third of the 17th. This research focuses on the hagiographic works included in the Hispanic Indexes of forbidden and expurgated books published in the 16th and 17th Centuries: the catalogues of Valdés (1559), Quiroga (1583-1584), Sandoval (1612) and Zapata (1632). The first aim of this article is to define the issues that were considered disputable. The second goal is to account for the gradual transformation of the censorial focus: from the suspicion about devotional and mystical works to the re-reading of the hagiography of medieval origins through a Tridentine lens and the control of the new devotional literature, in particular of the biographies designed to promote canonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Argentina (1602) is the one and only Renaissance epic poem from the River Plate. The author Martín del Barco Centenera provides with his epic poem one of the foundational texts of this region. Nevertheless, it does not belong to the traditional corpus of epic texts from the Siglo de Oro; an ever-increasing number of studies have been published only recently. Although this epic-heroic poem lacks the figure of a central hero, the decision to write an epic poem is not accidental. By means of a rhetorical and semantic analysis, this paper argues that the lack of epic heroism (vacío heroico) generates potential to discuss the question of heroism in times of the conquest. Barco Centenera wittingly combines this discourse with the topos of the marvellous of the New World. An analysis of the narrative discourse with a special focus on its reflexivity complements the argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What interest can today have to speak of Epic as a literary genre? How far can the norms of a canonical genre be contaminated without undermining it? Virgilio, Ariosto or Tasso incorporate changes that suppose fractures with respect to the Homeric canon. Spanish-American Epic Poetry shows some similar features. The second part of this paper is focused on the revision of the Elegies written by Juan de Castellanos from an article by Karl Kohut, on the one hand, and the biographicalcritical essay Las auroras de sangre (1998), by the Colombian writer William Ospina, who considers the Epic poem from the American side, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the episode of the indigenous tournament included in the anonymous poem Las guerras de Chile, cantos IX and X, in which take part two squads of people coming from Purén and Catiray, in the Araucanian region, when the sports fight is about to turn into a bloody fight to the death. It is analysed the relationship with the sixth chapter of the First Part of Las guerras civiles de Granada by Ginés Pérez de Hita (1591), where we found a similar combat between Cegríes and Abencerrajes. Some echos from the classic epic poetry are also mentioned, for example the catalogue of troops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nothing of substance has been written about the dramatic output of Antonio Coello since Emilio Cotarelo's study, written a century ago. This paper unites new data and reconsiders certain aspects, such as chronology, (joint) authorship of certain plays, his collaboration with other poets and the relevance of Coello as a playwright in his own right and not only as a joint author with other poets. It also examines the possible motives of his lack of literary prestige as a playwright. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes Rodrigo Rosa's novel El material humano (2009), especially its representation of violence as seen through the author's research on Guatemalan 20th century History. In the novel, the main character searches into the causes of violence in his country, trying to understand the origin of the conflict. However, his work ends in a triple failure: a cognitive, an aesthetic and an ethical one. That failure, as this paper proposes, represents a whole series of stories about the tragedy of historical memory in Latin America and Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the historical contact between Aragonese and Catalan lexicon, in the context of the Romance languages, taking into account the historical influence exerted by the Aragonese on the Valencian language, which is also influenced by other Eastern peninsular dialects. We have used a method based on Geolinguistics and documentation, in order to analyze some words from popular authors from Valencia and Aragon of the XVIIIth, XIXth and XXth centuries. This way, our study provides new data and new interpretations on the study of the linguistic contact between the peninsular languages. Also the study provides Valencian words not included in the dictionaries (coscarrana, a tassament), first documentations (acabacases, bolxaca, cara-sol, cútio, estrela, a la gatamau, monyica) and words used in Aragón not included in the DECH (acabacasas, bolchaco, botinchado, a gatomiau, tasamente), or included in the DECH but not in Aragón (botinchado, carasol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles the morphophonological diversity of Spanish compounds (manirroto, cuelgacapas, pez estrella) without using concepts such as root, stem and word, whose scope is always restricted in order to explain all the constructions typically considered as compounds. Instead, we will deal with such morphophonological variation and distribution of units by differentiating, in first place, two kinds of syntactic contexts of lexical insertion (insertion on contexts with or without active agreement features) and, in second place, two kinds of lexical entries (free and bound entries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerning to a group of words included in Diccionario de la lengua española, whose definition is headed by expression "En Marruecos...". The historical context in which this incorporation occurs is analyzed here and reveals the causes of its inclusion, promoters and sources. Evolution of this group of words is studied since their admission to the Suplemento 14th edition of Diccionario de la lengua castellana (1914) until the 23th edition of Diccionario de la lengua española (2014). This analysis demonstrates that presence of these words in the dictionary is related to Spanish policy in Morocco in the early twentieth century, whose responsible person for the inclusion of these words was Julian Ribera y Tarragó, academic, arabist, and deeply involved in the management of cultural and educational aspects of Spanish Protectorate in Morocco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the Dialogical Approach to Argumentation and Polyphony, this paper analyzes evidential and allusive points of view. While both reveal the dialogical character of all enunciation, their presence determines different ways of inscribing the utterance in the discursive chain, which in turn affects the construction of meaning and (inter)subjectivity. In fact, while the evidential points of view involve the identification of a previous discourse frame that is shown as the cause of the enunciation and that explains the subjective positioning of response manifested in the utterance, the allusive ones evoke, through different types of procedures, "other" discourses that must be recognized in the interdiscourse as part of the "discursive memory" and, in so doing, not only indicate a certain subjective positioning but also weave ties of intersubjective complicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to revalue the importance of González de Mendoza's bilingual dictionary (1761-1763) in the history of Spanish-French lexicography. Through its analysis and comparison with other similar dictionaries of his century, we show that its claimed defect of composition -the great disproportion between the Spanish-French part and the French-Spanish part- is precisely its best asset. This disparity stems from the adaptation of the author to two objectives: firstly, to provide a dictionary responding to the real needs of the majority of its potential readers; secondly, to ensure the sale of his work thanks to a moderate price. We conclude that the dictionary of González de Mendoza is a very original proposal for its time, mainly because of its Spanish-French part, forerunner of the manual dictionaries that will succeed since the early nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many books entitled Romancero del Cid have been printed since the publication of Juan Escobar's Historia del valeroso cavallero el Cid Ruy Díez de Bivar in 1605. Medieval romances were so popular that most of them were included before in pliegos sueltos and cancioneros, but until Escobar's edition printers and editors were not aware of the possibilities that monographic volumes of these ballads could bring. During Romanticism this trend reached its height: the most reknown editions and translations of Cid ballads were published -Herder, Gibson, Michaelis, Monti-, thanks in part to the rise of nationalism and its characteristic love for the Middle Ages. However, none of them -neither those who come after- payed any attention to the modern oral tradition, which has transmitted more than two hundred versions of these ballads. In the Fundación Ramón Menéndez Pidal we are preparing an integral edition of the Romancero del Cid; this paper aims to describe in depth this cultural heritage and to survey the history of its transmission for over four centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to expose the theoretical proposal for an art of the current interpretation that Peter Szondi elaborated in his Introduction to Literary Hermeneutics. Through the analysis of authors such as Chladenius, Meier or Schleiermacher, Szondi tries to find a reconciliation between philology and aesthetics, between procedures that aspire to a general theory of comprehension, and rules that can be adapted to the different peculiarities of each text. A proposal that, in contrast to the scientific model adopted in the human sciences of the last century, bets on the specificity of the so-called sciences of the spirit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a new-hermeneutical position, Bertram criticizes the paradigm of the autonomy of art (represented, in his opinion, by Danto and Menke) and defends that there is continuity between art and other human practices and that only by reference to these, art reaches its value. In a certain way, this new position takes on the recent development of art (something that classical philosophical hermeneutics did not achieve), but it has some shortcomings. In this paper, I first discuss Bertram's criticism of Menke and Danto's positions. Secondly, using De Azúa's arguments, I question if this new figure, ultimately Hegelian, really accounts for what does give art its place in human life and what does distinguish art and human life. Therefore I am defending the thesis of the autonomy of art, against Bertram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, a number of studies within Conversation Analysis have focused on epistemic primacy in interaction. The studies interpret information transfer as a matter of territory. This paper focuses on the analysis of assertion-agreement sequences in conversations and interviews in order to show that the use of mitigation and intensification strategies can be related to the interpretation of the situation, in terms of epistemic positioning, by the speakers. It is argued that there are cases of epistemic congruence -where speakers agree on their interpretation of the situation- and cases of incongruence -where speakers do not agree and, therefore, there is negotiation of the terms of agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the mitigating value of phatic markers in the corpus of interviews PRESEEA in two cities in Spain (Valencia and Madrid) and two in Mexico (Monterrey and Mexico City). Interventions from interviewees and interviewers have been considered for this study, which renders a series of patterns in both geographic varieties. The main findings show that interviewees use mitigation to protect their own face whereas interviewers use this pragmatic strategy in order to get information from their interlocutors. This data gathering can be done through enquiries where the face of the interviewee needs to be protected or through the expression of the interviewers' own opinions where they may find the need to protect their own faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of a contrastive analysis of the instances of attenuation occurring in a set of Argentine and Spanish colloquial conversations. Attenuation -understood as a pragmatic phenomenon reducing the illocutionary force of communicative acts, which involves face and the speakers' responsibilities for their messages (Caffi 1999, 2007; Thaler; Albelda 2016)- has been studied to a significant extent in the Spanish language, beginning in the 1990s, from the perspective of politeness studies (Haverkate; Briz 1995, 2007), pragmatics (Schneider) and sociolinguistics (Samper Hernández; Cestero). However, studies concentrating on the comparison between its diatopic varieties are scarce (Briz 2007; Albelda 2008). This study quantitatively and qualitatively analyses the attenuation resources utilized in colloquial conversations between speakers aged 20-34 at the higher and middle social strata in the cities of Tucumán (Argentina) and Valencia (Spain). The analysis was based on a methodological data sheet (Albelda/ others) with the aim of finding the main similarities and differences between both diatopic varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large part of the bibliography on evidential markers in Spanish points to mitigation of commitment (or responsibility) for what has been said as one of their defining features. However, the notion of mitigation and that of speaker commitment have both been used in different senses in different studies. In this paper, the meanings assigned to these terms are reviewed and, following Cornillie/Delbecque, the notions of speaker commitment and speaker involvement are distinguished. These operate in opposite directions in some evidential uses: (i) from reportative evidences to conjectural inferentials, there is a scale of lesser to greater speaker involvement; (ii) among the inferentials, a scale of greater to lesser speaker commitment ranging from circumstantials to conjecturals can be observed. This proposal is then applied to the evidentials por lo visto and se ve (que). The corpus shows that compared to por lo visto, se ve (que) indicates more mitigation of speaker commitment but greater speaker involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the pragmatic-rhetoric functions of visual perception verbs used as evidentials in scientific articles. These verbs not only indicate different types of evidentiality (visual and inferential), but can also adopt forms that suggest the (non)shared status of evidence. Our aim is to discover if there exists any constant relationship between the type of evidentiality, accessibility and the functions these evidential constructions have in the discourse. This study was carried out in a corpus of Biology articles published between 1799 and 1920. We believe that, in this corpus, many evidential choices are conditioned more by the author's intentions than by the conventions of the genre. It should be reminded that in the period under study the conventions of scientific writing were yet to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the development of attenuation functions in different uses of creo in colloquial conversations. This propositional attitude verb, the most polysemic and polyfunctional one in its category, has been traditionally considered an attenuating device because it can be used by speakers to convey distancing from their message. However, the fact that it is a subjectifier in its first person form could be understood as a contradiction with its function being primarily attenuating. This paper explores the semantic and pragmatic values of the different uses of creo in order to determine what triggers attenuation. 215 examples from two conversational corpora, VAL.ES.CO. 2002 and VAL.ES.CO. 2.0, have been analysed. The results suggest that the attenuating function of creo is a consequence of pretending strategies used by the speaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is based on original archival work and, as such, brings into view correspondence between Max Aub and Vicente Aleixandre (1958- 1971). The focus is on their personal relationship as well as on moments of collaboration. The paper studies how these letters demonstrate that there was communication between Spanish writers who went into exile and those who remained in Spain after the Civil War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to reflect about the relationships between lexicalization and grammaticaiization in the emergence of Spanish verbal periphrases. We will analyse the evolution of three verbal periphrases (venir + a + infinitive, tener + de + infinitive, ir + y + verbal finite group) and we will try to demonstrate that there is a first stage that can be defined as lexicalization in its formation, because three different collocations are formed. In a second step, grammaticaiization takes place, since these collocations evolve to routinized verbal constructions fully productive specialised In expressing modal and temporal values. In this paper we will follow a usage-based approach to language change, combined with the assumptions of the theory of grammaticaiization and with Construction Grammar. We will base our study on data extrated from consulting the RAE corpora (CREA Y CORDE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]