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As part of NCHRP IDEA Project 218, a new testing protocol called Three-Point Bend Cylinder (3PBC) Test was developed to speed up the fatigue characterization of asphalt mixtures. In this paper, the effects of sample geometry and air voids on the 3PBC fatigue test were investigated. The results showed that the VECD theory was successfully applied to all the selected geometries. This allowed the determination of fatigue life at any desired strain levels, temperatures, and frequencies. Based on the selected levels for each factor, specimen diameter significantly affected the 3PBC test results and fatigue lives. Specimen span length and air void content, however, did not appear to have considerable effects on the fatigue lives of the asphalt material. It should be noted that the sample variability of the 3PBC test may have softened the effects of air voids on the fatigue lives of the asphalt material.