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Diarrhoea represents a significant public health concern worldwide and is responsible for an increase in mortality and morbidity, especially among children but also among adults. Cryptosporidium, one of the most common intestinal protozoan parasites, is the etiological agent of cryptosporidiosis, an acute infection with self-limiting evolution, but that can evolve into severe diarrhoea in children and immunosuppressed hosts. The main species that cause human cryptosporidiosis are C. parvum and C. hominis. Despite the progress made in order to control and monitor cryptosporidiosis at the global level, numerous outbreaks have been reported with the source of infection being food or water. Using Promedmail.org we have performed a review of Cryptosporidium related outbreaks reported in the last 10 years over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Predecessors in the Romanian School of Microbiology established several golden guidelines for the clinical integration of the microbiology laboratory, the clinical rationale behind the infectious disease patients, and the antibiotic administration. However, without a determined mind to continue, strengthen, and nurture the work they have undertaken, professors Ion Cantacuzino, Victor Babes, and Matei Bals' expertise would have vanished [1-3]. Professor Angelescu proved to be the ideal individual right when he was most needed, determined to carry on their legacy, to further advance antibiotic knowledge, and a patient, father-like figure to his younger colleagues. He answered the invitation to become a leading authority at a time when advances in the science of antibiotics had doctors puzzled. The "Angelescu's Guide" was intended to be a lifeline for what would soon become one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century: antibiotic resistance in delicate clinical settings. Actual, achievable strategies for the care of an infectious illness patient are provided below, as are pertinent research recommendations for younger and fresher medical minds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the global economic development, diarrhoea remains an important health concern worldwide. The epidemiological importance of Shigella spp. infections is very high, being the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoea. Clinically, shigellosis can manifest as watery diarrhoea or dysentery, with bloody stool, accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. Children and the elderly are most susceptible to developing severe forms. In this review, we highlight the rise of antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. strains and provide an overview of recent shigellosis outbreaks. Shigellosis is an infectious disease that should not be neglected, as evidenced by the many outbreaks reported throughout the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a medical, social, and economic problem. In Romania since 2002, the prevention of HIV transmission and the care for HIV-positive people have been overseen by Governmental Law. HIV infection in Romania has some particularities, such as the high number of HIVinfected patients under treatment and the high percentage of long-term survivors. Romania reported its first case of AIDS to the World Health Organization in 1985, and its first case in the pediatric population in 1989. A year later, a new case definition, based on local possibilities was formulated together with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA). According to the latest report of the Compartment for Monitoring and Evaluation of HIV/AIDS in Romania, the cumulative number of HIV cases registered between 1985-2021 was 26,171, while the number of people living with HIV at the end of December 2021 was 17,271. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Providential personalities have been writing history since the beginning of times - personalities that could be found within and across Romania's borders [1]. In medicine, such brilliant figures have healed patients through diligence, dedication, and professionalism, but have also passed significant teachings to the next generations. They have rigorously respected an authentic professor's definition, a figure that teaches and prepares specialists for the future. The great medical personalities, Ion Cantacuzino and Victor Babeș, have been mentored by famous professors, have also become famous professors on their own, and they have educated doctors and professors who have carried on their research and medical teaching legacies. Through study, through diligence, and an impressive personal development, their students have also become proficient figures in medicine [1-2]. They have trained personalities in the medical field that could have reached higher peaks, were it not for the political and social climate of their country. Among those, now we shall bring into discussion professor Matei Balș, a remarkable man and teacher, whose contribution focused the necessity of employing strict and correct means of practice, tying together in an organic way the clinical and the laboratory work, a dogma which he has passed on to his students. He has funded the "School of Infectious Diseases" at Colentina Hospital and has formulated teachings that stand the test of time; his working approach is still appropriate and praised today. The current generation as well as future ones not only have the obligation to recognise the exceptional achievements of our ancestors in history, but to also keep them alive and develop upon them, in the interest of the Romanian people, Romania itself, but also for the public health system at an international level [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providential personalities are an essential, unifying, element across cultures, omnipresent in the world's history [1]. Professor Victor Babeș, a distinguished figure in pathology, microbiology and virology, attended high school in Budapest and pursued his higher medical education in Budapest and Wien. He lectures at the pathology department of the University of Budapest at only 18 years of age. In 1885, he co-authored the first Bacteriology Treaty in Paris alongside Cornil. In 1887, he went on to establish the pathology and bacteriology departments at the Faculty of Medicine, in Bucharest. He contributed to the medical world literature with over 1000 papers, written in different languages. Professor Victor Babeș studied bacteria, viruses, parasites and influenced preventive medicine. Overall, he discovered more than 50 new microbes. An entire book may be devoted just to his pathological discoveries (cancer, leprosy, tuberculosis, diphtheria, actinomycosis, anthrax, syphilis, plague, rabies, etc.). In 1912 he published (in Paris) a vast treaty on rabies; he dedicated 90 of his best works to rabies. Victor Babeș National Institute of Research and Development in Pathology and Biomedical Sciences has been founded on the 28th of April 1887 by Professor Victor Babeș. Initially constituted as a "Bacteriology and Pathology Institute", it was able to comply with one of the most demanding medical needs of the time and it has contributed to finding realistic solutions regarding medical organization. In terms of importance and activity, the institute represented a prefiguration of the future Ministry of Health [2]. Professor Babeș's life should be remembered for his works that marked the opening of new horizons and for a personality whose genius echoes to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Providential personalities are an essential, unifying, element across cultures, omnipresent in the world's history. They are one of a kind, born every century or even more than a hundred years apart, and their emergence is conditioned by specific factors and even circumstances. Among Romania's historical personalities, Professor Cantacuzino's name and achievements could not be contained within the country's borders. His genius has left its mark not only on the Romanian public health system, or even the nearby Balkan area, but has echoed way further than Europe at that time. The conscious effort he made to offer more than he had previously received stemmed from his exceptional personal development work. A multifaceted persona like few have been, he has managed to acquire great insights into many subjects and, more importantly, he had the character and strength to establish a Healthcare Legacy and an Institute that will soon celebrate 100 years of existence. The current generation and the ones to come should learn their history and praise the achievements of their ancestors, while also preserving and further cultivating them, for the good of Romanian citizens, Romania and the global health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Difficult-to-treat infections produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have a long evolution with a great impact not only in regard to the patient's health, but also to his well-being, the public health and economy. Considering that not only the antimicrobial resistance, but other characteristics of these strains may be involved in the longue and difficult evolution of this infections; we evaluated the ability to produce biofilm on inert substrate through a microdilution method. We evaluated 25 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from infections with a longue evolution. Most of the strains produced an important biofilm, especially at 48 hours, presenting an interesting architecture, suggesting the ability to persist. These findings highlight the impact of biofilm production in P. aeruginosa, and underline the importance of finding alternative therapies and a personalised approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Archives of Microbiology & Immunology is the property of Institutul Cantacuzino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)