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Introduction and aim. Acute diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal disease in infants and young children. It is defined as an increase in the number of stools, watery, as a result of disruption of water and electrolytes transport in the gastrointestinal lumen and of the accelerated transit. Our study was retrospective, case-control type and tried to determine the cumulative risk factors underlying the emergence and evolution of diarrheal disease in infants and small children. Material and method. We studied a group of 197 children, with the age between 0-4 years, from „Sf. Maria“ Emergency Children's Hospital from Iasi, which presented with acute diarrhea. Results. The bacterial etiology was confirmed in 44 cases. The most common germ involved was Campylobacter jejuni (27 cases). 31% of children had different degrees of dystrophy. In most cases (76%), the dehydration was isonatremic. Conclusions. In the acute diarrheal disease, dehydration remains the worst to fear consequence of this disease, but with an adequate attitude that includes restoring fluid and electrolyte balance and proper nutrition, diarrheal episode limits itself to an interval approximately of 72 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus, a member of the beta-herpesvirus subfamily. Infection with CMV represents a major cause of congenital infection, and also a cause of perinatal infection. We present the case of a 3 months-old sugar with breast milk jaundice and hepatic cytolysis, in our evidence from one month. At the age of 6 weeks, at the second evaluation, the laboratory tests showed a mild increase of lymphocytes and monocytes, minimum hepatic cytolysis and positive CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) assays. Our decision was to follow up the case, without antiviral therapy, because the acute CMV infection was asymptomatic. Therefore, the hepatic cytolysis may precede the presence of CMV in blood, because the immune mediated response to CMV involve specific antibodies type IgM few weeks after the moment of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema nodosum is the most frequent clinicopathologic variant of panniculitis. Triggers are represented by infections, sarcoidosis, rheumatologic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, medications, autoimmune disorders, pregnancy and malignancy. Erythema nodosum typically manifests by the sudden onset of symmetrical, erythematous, warm nodules, usually located on the lower limbs. Often the lesions are bilaterally distributed. Treatment of erythema nodosum should be directed to the underlying associated condition, if identified. Usually, nodules of erythema nodosum regress spontaneously within a few weeks, and bed rest is often sufficient treatment. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and potassium iodide may be helpful drugs to enhance analgesia and resolution. Systemic corticosteroids are rarely indicated in erythema nodosum and before these drugs are administered, an underlying infection should be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a very important pathogenic link in children with gastroduodenal pathologies. The bacterial implication, in the pathogeny of the digestive diseases and in the development of some extradigestive diseases, is very well known nowadays. The prevalence of the infection differs between geografic areas, it is declining in the developed countries and it is high in the population of the countries in development. It is a fact that there are bacteria which affect specifi cally an organ, but in the same time, can lead to systemic alterations throughout the entire body. The chronic infection with H. Pylori is associated with anaemia, weight and height loss. The increase of the quality and accuracy inidentifying the H. Pylori infection leads to a low rate of complications of the infection by applying the correct and early treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]