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3. Effects of pH value and temperature on the initiation, promotion, inhibition and direct reaction rate constants of natural organic matter in ozonation

Author

Ee Ling Yong and Yi-Pin Lin

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Ozone, General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Decomposition, Natural organic matter, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, Initiation promotion, chemistry, Organic chemistry, Hydroxyl radical, Peak value, Direct reaction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The effects of pH value and temperature on the initiation (kI), promotion (kP), inhibition (kS) and direct ozone reaction (kD) rate constants of natural organic matter (NOM) in water ozonation were investigated in this study. These rate constants were determined using a newly developed method that integrates the classical Rct concept, the transient steady-state hydroxyl radical (˙OH) concentration model and the pseudo first-order ozone decomposition model. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) was selected as the model NOM. Our results showed that (1) the variation of pH value from 6.5–8.0 had little influence on kP; while kI showed a peak value at pH 7.5, and kS and kD increased with increasing pH, (2) at room temperature, the value of kD is 2.7–5.8 times higher than kI and that of kP is 14–31 times higher than kS at pH 6.5–8.0, indicating that direct ozone reaction and promotion reaction are the dominant pathways for SRFA to react with ozone and ˙OH, respectively, and (3) all rate constants showed a strong dependency on temperature and the activation energies for initiation, promotion, inhibition and direct ozone reaction were determined to be 55.3, 25.6, 50.1 and 49.1 kJ mol−1, respectively. Functional groups in NOM that are potentially responsible for these reactions were discussed. Our results provide deeper insight into the reactions between NOM and ozone/˙OH, and the removal of micropollutants in the ozonation process can be evaluated using the rate constants determined in this study.

Published
2016

11. Marigold micro-flower like NiCo 2 O 4 grown on flexible stainless-steel mesh as an electrode for supercapacitors.

Author

Kamble GP, Kashale AA, Rasal AS, Mane SA, Chavan RA, Chang JY, Ling YC, Kolekar SS, and Ghule AV

Abstract

Nanostructured NiCo 2 O 4 is a promising material for energy storage systems. Herein, we report the binder-free deposition of porous marigold micro-flower like NiCo 2 O 4 (PNCO) on the flexible stainless-steel mesh (FSSM) as (PNCO@FSSM) electrode by simple chemical bath deposition. The SEM and EDS analysis revealed the marigold micro-flowers like morphology of NiCo 2 O 4 and its elemental composition. The porous nature of the electrode is supported by the BET surface area (100.47 m 2 g -1 ) and BJH pore size diameter (∼1.8 nm) analysis. This PNCO@FSSM electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 530 F g -1 at a high current density of 6 mA cm -2 and revealed 90.5% retention of specific capacitance after 3000 cycles. The asymmetric supercapacitor device NiCo 2 O 4 //rGO within a voltage window of 1.4 V delivered a maximum energy density of 41.66 W h kg -1 at a power density of 3000 W kg -1 . The cyclic stability study of this device revealed 73.33% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. These results indicate that the porous NiCo 2 O 4 micro-flowers electrode is a promising functional material for the energy storage device., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Published
2021
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