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In the present study, a chemical precipitation method is adopted to synthesize bismuth vanadate nanoparticles. The calcination temperature dependent photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of BiVO 4 nanoparticles are examined. The structural analysis evidences the monoclinic phase of BiVO 4 nanoparticles, where the grain size increases with calcination temperature. Interestingly, BiVO 4 nanoparticles calcined at 400 °C exhibit superior photocatalytic behaviour against methylene blue dye ( K = 0.02169 min -1 ) under natural solar irradiation, which exhibits good stability for up to three cycles. The evolution of antibacterial activity studies using a well diffusion assay suggest that the BiVO 4 nanoparticles calcined at 400 °C can act as an effective growth inhibitor of pathogenic Gram-negative ( P. aeruginosa & A. baumannii ) and Gram-positive bacteria ( S. aureus )., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)