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The article focuses on the formation of modern Muslim political identity on the macro-po-litical and individual levels. The author explores the relation between its Islamic and state-national levels. It is shown that this relationship is of dynamic nature and that at present both these levels are significantly differentiated: nationalism outgrows the framework of state nationalism and gradually acquires civil dimension, while the Islamic layer, losing its significance as the only source of identification and self-identification for Muslims, acquires new socio-political content. The latter is reflected in the development of “Islamist pluralism”. It is noted that the ascriptive orientations to kin-groups, ethnic groups and clans remain significant and especially vibrant in the times of political turbulence.

The article analyzes the nature, dynamics, processes of identification factors of Russian society during the last 20 years. The author focused his attention on the interdependence of political identity and ideological spaces of modernity. The paper shows trends and prospects for the formation of the basic elements of political identity in the post-Soviet Russia on the state level.