Search

The term “teacher” is a nuclear component of the concept “education” in many languages of the world. In the context of globalization and internationalization of the education system, rapid changes take place in the field of information technology, new scientific knowledge and realities appear that require their own special nomination. Each innovation is accompanied by the emergence and consolidation of new terms in the language and speech. New functions and tasks of modern teachers are quite explainable, responding to the challenges of the society, characterized by increasing digitalization and new conditions of the social environment, intensive technological changes in all spheres of life, including education. It is no coincidence that an ordinary schoolteacher becomes a zoom tutor, an online tutor or a Skype tutor, who teaches using various online information platforms. The synonymic set of the term “teacher” is expanded and updated in parallel with the emergence of new functions of the teacher and varieties of pedagogical activity in which he is included. The article analyses the synonymic set of the term “teacher” on the examples of English dictionaries, thesauruses and glossaries. A semantic and comparative analysis of the synonyms for the term “teacher” is carried out to identify new lexical units with the connotation “teacher / university lecturer”.

Prohibitions play an important role in any culture, and languages have extensive systems of means for expressing prohibitive meanings. The appeal to the verbs of prohibition in English and German seems relevant in the context of historically established socio-cultural norms, as well as religious, ethical and cultural values, since the designated values and norms are subject to change, and prohibitive verbs can acquire new shades of their meanings. The article discusses key English and German prohibitive verbs and their derivatives in a semantic aspect. The verbs fordid, prohibit, interdict and inhibit as well as their derivatives in English are analyzed in detail. The analysis of the most common German prohibitive verbs verbieten, untersagen, nicht erlauben, nicht zulassen, verwehren, sperren and others is given. The research reveals that prevalent means of the category of prohibition in the English and German languages are imperative constructions including prohibitives, which are a negative correlate of an imperative; modal verbs, and infinitives with negation. The features of functioning prohibitive verbs in modern English and German speech in the historical socio-cultural context are discovered.