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The paper studies the possibility of using air temperature and humidity profiles for the determination of pressure in tropical cyclones (TC). The accuracy of air temperature and humidity profile retrieval from AMSU radiometer data is verified using direct radiosonde measurements together with weather station data for the Northwest Pacific. In total, 10 tropical cyclones are analyzed for the period of 2011–2012. The comparison of pressure values inside TC calculated from satellite profiles with weather station data demonstrated good agreement: the linear regression with a slope of 1.014 ± 0.073, a free term of −19 ± 73, and a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.73. TC central pressure values calculated from satellite data were compared with the estimates of the Japan Meteorological Agency exhibiting a satisfactory correspondence with a slope of 1.2. The comparison with the estimates of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (USA) demonstrates worse agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results are presented of using a new approach that helps to detect and compute the parameters of eddies in the ocean and tropical cyclones in the atmosphere based on satellite imagery. The approach is based on the concept of dominant orientation of thermal contrasts (DOTC). DOTC is an angle of the statistically significant orientation of brightness contrast in the specified vicinity of the image. DOTC highly correlates with the directions of flows; it is a base for construction of models for identification of eddy motions, namely, synoptic eddies in the oceans and tropical cyclones in the atmosphere. The model-based identification of one or another eddy allows estimating such parameters as the center position, shape, size, and sign (cyclone or anticyclone) of the eddy, and the size of the tropical cyclone eye. Based on the proposed approach, technologies of automatic identification and monitoring of oceanic eddies and tropical cyclones are developed. The results of the practical use of these technologies are presented for the recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]