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An anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV) is a major cause of varicose disease recurrence and shares the saphenofemoral junction in 10% of patients where it is a primary reflux pattern. Reflux in AAGSV presents the same symptoms and severity as great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux with a higher incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis. The case report is a 37-year-old male cadaver with bilateral anterior accessory great saphenous veins (AAGSV), originating from the marginal veins anterior to the GSV, and terminated by joining the GSV at the sapheno-femoral junction. The case was documented during a routine gross dissection at the anatomy laboratory at the University of Rwanda. The case emphasizes the need for Vascular radiologists and surgeons to pay proper attention during saphenofemoral junction and saphenopopliteal junction ultrasound to identify the AAGSV when targeting the treatment of varicose diseases.

INTRODUCTION: The brachial artery and its terminal branches are the major arterial supply to the brachium and antebrachium. Variations in the vascular supply in the upper limbs have been previously documented to occur more in the radial artery, followed by the ulnar artery, but less commonly in the brachial artery CASE: An embalmed cadaver was used for gross dissection during the gross anatomy dissection for postgraduate students at the department of human anatomy of the University of Rwanda. During the dissection of the right upper arm, an accessory brachial artery was found, branching from the axillary artery above the unification of the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus (the lateral and medial root of the median nerve). CONCLUSION: In our case, the aberrant brachial artery originated from the axillary artery and gave off a muscular branch in the middle third of the arm, which is of clinical importance.

INTRODUCTION: Anatomical variation of high brachial artery bifurcation and these morphological variations of the brachial artery should be considered by surgeons when performing procedures in the brachial artery area. CASE: The left anterior arm and anterior forearm regions of a thirty-three-year-old cadaver was dissected. The origin, course, and terminal branches of the Brachial artery were traced. It was then observed that the Brachial artery bifurcation was in the upper third of the humerus instead of the cubital fossa. CONCLUSION: Brachial artery and its terminal branch variations are less common. However Brachial artery could be bifurcated and then reunite. In this case, the brachial artery presented bifurcation one laterally and another one medially with the median nerve running between them. Both branches don’t reunite but continue laterally and medially, respectively.

INTRODUCTION: The term ectopic kidney is used to describe a kidney that is found in a place that is not its normal anatomic position while malrotation refers to the abnormal orientation of the kidney. These two are some of the congenital malformations that the kidney is predisposed to in its embryogenesis. CASE: The current findings were discovered during routine dissections in the Gross lab of the Human Anatomy Department of the University of Rwanda A left ectopic kidney with a relatively larger than normal size (10.5cm × 5.2cm) was found with the main blood supply arising from the median sacral artery and two other accessory arterial supplies arising from the abdominal aorta. The kidney was mal-rotated, facing laterally, with the ureter on both sides dilated. CONCLUSION: Knowing kidney variations is ever more important with the rate of increase in renal transplantations and vascular surgeries.

INTRODUCTION: Anterior jugular veins are a paired structure found on either side of the neck and are responsible for other veins in draining the head and neck regions. CASE: The variations reported here are from two male cadavers about 45 and 50 years of age who were being dissected routinely in the dissecting room. The first cadaver, which was the 50-yearold, had the normal formation of both anterior jugular veins (AVJ), but down in its course, the left and the AJVs join around the cricoid cartilage and continue down as a single vein running in the mid-line of the neck but ending by piercing deep to drain into the external jugular vein. The second cadaver was 45 years old. After forming the left AJV, the vein immediately crosses over to the right to run parallel to the right AJV before both joining to form a common vein and then piercing to drain in the external jugular vein (EJV). CONCLUSION: The knowledge of these variations has become very important for all health workers dealing with the neck surgically, radiologically or otherwise.

INTRODUCTION: The inferior thyroid artery (ITA) usually originates from the thyrocervical trunk in the majority of the human population (90.5%), or from the subclavian artery in a few populations of humans (7.5%). It is quite rare to find the ITA originating from the common carotid artery (CCA). CASE PRESENTATION: This study was a case report of a cadaveric dissection at the anatomy department, university of Rwanda. The case was a 54-year-old male who had 2 inferior thyroid arteries on the left side, with one originating from the thyrocervical trunk and the other taking a rare anatomical origin from the CCA. CONCLUSION: It is important that such anatomical arterial patterns be documented in order to create awareness that is useful to surgeons and imaging specialists. This will help reduce the risk of iatrogenic complications during the surgical intervention to the thyroid gland.