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• Container terminals are purpose built or substantially adapted ports virtually exclusively involved with the transport of containerised goods. Reliable evidence of the effects of work on the occupational safety and health (OSH) in these terminals is scarce. This paper explores the experiences of workers and their perceptions concerning their safety and health and effectiveness of arrangements made to manage their OSH risks, and compared findings between countries. • It shows a significant gap between managers' understandings of the operation of arrangements for OSH and the perceptions and experiences of workers, both in relation to OSH outcomes and the effectiveness of the OSH arrangements. • This was especially evident for work-related ill-health, workers' representation and consultation on OSH, and in the differences in the experience of all these between directly employed workers and those employed by contractors. • Differences were most marked in terminals in the low income country in the study. Container terminals are purpose built or substantially adapted ports virtually exclusively involved with the transport of containerised goods. They now exist everywhere and have redesigned dock-work to increase productivity and efficiencies in the handling of goods, making physical handling by dock-workers increasingly redundant. Conventional wisdom suggests that arrangements for the safety and health of those who remain in employment are generally improved in comparison with past conditions. Yet, reliable evidence of the effects of work on the occupational safety and health (OSH) of these workers is scarce. This paper is based on research which examined the OSH experiences of workers involved with operational tasks in terminals operated by global network terminal (GNT) companies in four countries situated in Asia-Pacific and Europe. It explored these experiences along with the respondents' perceptions concerning the effectiveness of arrangements made to manage their OSH risks, and compared findings between countries. The research demonstrated a significant gap between managers' understandings of the operation of arrangements for OSH and the perceptions and experiences of workers, both in relation to OSH outcomes and the effectiveness of the OSH arrangements. This was especially evident for work-related ill-health, workers' representation and consultation on OSH, and in the differences in the experience of all these between directly employed workers and those employed by contractors. The paper discusses the implications for improved OSH arrangements and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Corridor-level network screening is extremely important for traffic safety engineers. • Existing methodologies enable network screening based on individual segments and intersections. • Proposed methodology considers corridor-level network screening with combination of segments and intersections. • A Business intelligence framework is implemented for corridor-level network screening and safety analytics for crash diagnostics. • This framework addresses practical barriers that limit the use of state-of-the-art methods for traffic safety management. Currently, there are both methodological and practical barriers that together preclude the use of theoretically sound approaches for network screening as part of a traffic safety management process. Methodological barriers include, among others, lack of a comprehensive framework for corridor-level network screening. Existing corridor screening methodologies use observed crash frequency as a performance measure. In practice, corridor-level screening is extremely important because traffic safety engineers prefer to deploy countermeasures and provide homogenous conditions throughout corridors to meet drivers' expectations and avoid confusion. On the other hand, practical barriers that limit the use of sound approaches for traffic safety include (1) significant data integration requirements, (2) a particular data schema is needed to enable analysis using specialized software, (3) time-consuming and intensive processes are involved, (4) substantial technical knowledge is needed, (5) visualization capabilities are limited, and (6) coordination across various data owners is required. This research proposes a systematic methodology for corridor-level network screening. The solution algorithm is implemented within a Business Intelligence (BI) platform to address, to the extent possible, the practical barriers listed above. BI provides methods and mechanisms to integrate and process data, generate advanced analytics, and visualize results by using intuitive and interactive web-based dashboards and maps. Experiments and results illustrate the advantage of using the proposed framework for corridor-level network screening implemented within a BI platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A user-centred safety training material for migrant farmworkers was developed. • Self-identification and contextualization were relevant aspects for the participants. • The new material was significantly more satisfying compared to traditional material. Visual communication allows the transmission of ideas and information more easily than written communication. Therefore, visual communication is used in different sectors (education, health, machinery, marketing, politics, environmental studies, musicology, science) to overcome language barriers and to effectively convey useful information. Nevertheless, the use of visual material to improve the comprehensibility of safety training in the workplace has been under-investigated, which is particularly true in the agricultural sector, despite its hazardousness and the high number of migrant farmworkers who might benefit from training provided by means of visual communication due to their often scarce knowledge of the local language. Combining graphic composition rules with a user-centred design (UCD) approach, this study aimed to develop visual safety training material based on migrant farmworkers' needs to increase migrant trainees' satisfaction in the training process. Focus groups were conducted with both trainers and migrant farmworkers to identify critical issues in existing safety training material and to discuss and evaluate different prototypes of the visual material developed by the authors. Significantly higher satisfaction was reported by migrants trained with the new material compared to a control group in a final training session (U = 152.50, z = −2.165, p = 0.030). Implications for the improvement of safety training for migrant farmworkers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• No new theories are published on accident processes of occupational accidents. • Accident models, metaphors explain occupational accidents within a socio-technical system. • Quality of safety management systems research is poor. • Organisational learning did not enter the occupational safety domain yet. • Safety culture and climate have no clear relation with accident processes. What is the influence of general management trends and research into causes of accidents on safety management? The literature study is limited to English and Dutch books, documents and articles in the scientific, professional, and technical literature from the period 1988–2010. Quite some developments occurred in the occupational safety domain. During the period concerned three models are developed, the Dutch Tripod Model, the Swedish Occupational Risk Unit Model (QARU), and the Dutch Occupational Risk Model (QRM), a barrier based model founded on the bowtie metaphor. These models address occupational accidents from different perspectives, and surprisingly similar factors. While terminology differs, these factors are called basic risk factors, situational, or management factors. Self-regulation of companies has been a strong stimulus for research on safety management systems and audits. Traditionally research in management related topics has not been part of safety research, and thus it has to be developed. While the quality of this type of research is rather low, a general structure of safety management systems is related to the Rhineland management concept. Such evidence is found in new management models such as the EFQM/INK and, to a lesser extent, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). While organisational learning, its quality and effectiveness on occupational safety is not researched in this period, research interests are focussing on other organisational aspects like safety culture and climate, including a renewed interest in human behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The construction safety evaluation index system has been established. • An early warning mechanism to build cloud security management has been established. • Quantitatively evaluates the security status of the construction site. Cloud computing has become a hot topic in the industry and academic circles. Large-scale data processing is realized by centralizing system management of network resources, computing resources, and storage resources. Among them, the distributed computing platform greatly improves the productivity of programmers by abstracting the implementation details of distributed computing, and is widely used in building safety assessment. In this study, the construction safety evaluation index system was established for the construction site of common accidents, and the index weight was determined by the analytic hierarchy process. For the safety index evaluation task, an early warning mechanism based on distributed computing and extension theory to build cloud security management is established, which saves the overall calculation time and quantitatively evaluates the security status of the construction site. Finally, the method is verified by engineering examples, and the results show that the method is practical and effective. The method is convenient for computer programming, easy to operate and implement, and has strong applicability. Based on distributed computing and extended cloud model, not only can the overall state of construction safety be judged, but also potential security problems can be identified based on information feedback. The objective existence of hazards in the construction process can be grasped, which has important guiding significance for the construction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For the first time, we focused on the occupational calling of train drivers. • Occupational calling has a direct and positive effect on train drivers' safety performance. • Work engagement mediated the effect of occupational calling on safety performance. • Perceived organizational support moderated the effect of occupational calling on safety performance. Occupational calling is defined as a career or work that individual find intrinsically meaningful, display prosocial orientation in nature and the result of summons. Numerous studies have made to investigated the positive effects, but there is little literature concerning the influence of occupational calling on safety management field. In the current study, we designed a model to investigate the relationships between occupational calling, work engagement, perceived organizational support, and safety performance among Chinese train drivers. A total sample of 368 Chinese train drives were from 18 major railway companies. The results reveal that occupational calling has a direct and positive effect on train drivers' safety performance, and an indirect effect on safety performance motivated by work engagement. The findings also reveal that perceived organizational support may strengthen the positive and direct effect of occupational calling on safety performance. Besides, the practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The size of the business and the peculiarities of the Cypriot context impact on the perception and management of psychosocial risks. • Difficulties in identifying psychosocial risks are related to the lack of training and awareness within micro-enterprises in Cyprus. • The participation of smaller enterprises in our sample comparing to ESENER's has fueled significant differences. • Additional research is required for the case of micro SMEs. Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) constitute the cornerstone of the economy in each country, especially in the European Union, where they are perceived as main components for economic development, innovation, employment and social integration. Effective management of occupational safety and health (OSH) in MSEs' working environment contributes in sustaining corporate longevity and protects workers' well-being and productivity. This may become essential, especially for economies that are struggling to recover from economic recession. One essential aspect of OSH involves the identification and management of psychosocial risks. EU-OSHA (2010) has launched two significant surveys related to psychosocial risks; named ESENER 1 and ESENER 2. Since micro-enterprises (employing 1–5 employees) were not included in ESENER 2 (EU-OSHA, 2015), an important part of the picture has been left unattended on a European level. This paper aims to address this gap by focussing on the case of Cyprus, since insufficient amount of micro enterprises from Cyprus participated in ESENER 2. A survey utilising ESENER-2 questions was adapted for exploring micro-enterprises' employees' perceptions and awareness about psychosocial risks and their management in the work setting. The main differences and some similarities that were spotted between the results of this study and ESENER-2 results regarding Cyprus are highlighted. The differences indicate that the size of the business and the peculiarities of the Cypriot context impact on the perception and management of psychosocial risks. Further research is required in the field of microenterprises that employ from 1 to 5 people, on an EU and international level with a special focus on psychosocial risk issues in micro-enterprises at the service sector and family businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Securing a healthy and safe workplace is the major objective of modern occupational health and safety (OHS) law. In both China and the EU, OHS is seen as an important area to be regulated by law. The objective of this research is to obtain a better view of, and insight into, the approaches adopted by the jurisdictions being researched by means of a comparative and critical analysis of the similarities and differences between the approaches concerned aiming at the protection of health and safety of workers in the workplace. The main research question is: Does China have a prescriptive, and the European Union (EU) a goal-oriented, approach in OHS law? In order to answer this question, this research takes a four-phase comparative law approach. After comparison, it is found that the EU system as well as the Chinese system are characterised by a mixture of general norms and obligations and a body of more detailed prescriptive rules, although the extent of the norms, obligations and rules in each system differs. Furthermore, it is arguable that for legislation to be effective, it is important to elaborate the general principles and the general obligations as precisely as possible, otherwise the principles will remain merely principles and general obligations will remain solely general obligations and may ultimately not become effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The number of serious injuries and fatalities (SIFs) have remained static (r2 = 0.002) for 32 years. • Temporary Disabilities in Industry reduced by 66 percent in the same period (r2 = 0.90). • Safety culture & CSR) exerted a clear impact on the UKs Industrial injuries. • The science under-pinning safety culture & CSR to apply lessons learned is explored. • A concerted effort from safety scientists is required to reduce the number of SIFs. Neither a formal scientific literature review or research study this opinion piece examines safety science constructs applied to industrial safety in the UK over the past three decades to learn what may be useful to reduce serious injuries & fatalities (SIFs) and address other safety challenges arising from the 4th Industrial revolution. The key questions asked were: [1] what impact has safety science had on industrial injury statistics; [2] what is the quality of the science behind those with a demonstrably positive effect, and [3] where does safety science go next as we head deeper into the 21st century? Data driven results show the rate of decline in the UKs serious injuries & fatalities (SIFs) in the past 32 years has been negligible (r2 = 0.002), whereas temporary disabilities (r2 = 0.90) declined by around 66 percent. This result suggests safety science has not, and is not (in its current form), impacting the numbers killed or maimed at work in the UK at least, with other countries showing similar patterns in their injury experience. Examining the influence of a range of safety science constructs, legislative changes, and voluntary initiatives on injury reduction during this period, it is notable that only the safety culture and corporate social responsibility (CSR) constructs exerted clear impacts. An exploration of the science underpinning the safety culture and CSR constructs possibly provides insight that safety scientists and practitioners may find useful as safety science faces the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We present an innovative approach to measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of a safe working environment. • We show how managers can identify benchmarks based on efficiency scores. • We show how to reveal potential improvements as a mechanism to reduce decent work deficits. • We suggest caution when considering efficiency alone to measure the safe working environment due to its relative nature. • We show how companies can use internal benchmarking to provide a safe work environment. Decent Work Agenda consists of a comprehensive initiative for promoting safety at work and social protection. Over 20 years since its conceptual release, measuring the progress of its elements is still challenging even after the publication of the decent work indicators guideline by the International Labour Organization in 2012. To close this gap, we use a Directional Distance Function (DDF) to measure the efficiency of safe work environment, and propose a combined measure taking into consideration also the efficacy. To illustrate the application of DDF in a reality-based case, we conducted a longitudinal study in a multinational organization. Data were collected from 21 branches of the company over 4 years (2018–2021). In the period of analysis, 60% of the branches were efficient in average, composing an overall efficiency score of 0.91. Our results also indicated low dispersion between the efficiency scores year on year due to a small-scale interquartile range. Finally, the use of efficiency combined with efficacy resulted in a promising approach for managerial applications. This research presents some contributions. One is the novelty approach of measuring the efficiency of safe work environment using a DDF model in a real-world application. Another is the managerial benefits of identifying benchmarks, as well as revealing potential improvements as a mechanism to reduce decent work deficits. From a modeling perspective, our conclusions suggest caution in considering only efficiency to measure safe work environment due to its relative nature. Thus, further studies are recommended to explore the use of combined measures in the analysis of decent work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Understanding of the empirical evidence related to physical and psychological issues facing the ageing workforce was explored. • Factors related to the ageing process that are implicated with older workers' health and safety were identified and reviewed. • 27 strategies to support older construction workers and improve their safety and health at work were identified and reviewed. • Four mental health intervention that support ageing workers mental wellbeing were revealed. • Recommendations to improve their work health and safety were suggested. With the increasing demand for construction work and declining rates of young workers entering construction, the ageing workforce has become an important concern within the construction industry. Although there are benefits associated with an older workforce (e.g., experience, knowledge), there are also challenges, particularly related to health that may adversely affect individual and organisational performance. Therefore, it is essential to develop a deep understanding of the empirical evidence related to physical and psychological issues facing the ageing workforce, and then to make recommendations to improve their work health and safety (WHS). This paper reviews the existing body of knowledge on health and safety in the ageing construction workforce. This study adopts the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for a scoping review. The articles included in the review were found by searching the Scopus and Web of Science databases using complex search strings developed based on keywords. Peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1980 and 2021 were retrieved for further screening. Following data extraction and a three-step screening procedure, 111 journal articles met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed numerous factors related to the ageing process that are often implicated with older workers' health and safety, including hearing loss, muscle pain, respiratory issues, and conditions resulting from the ageing process and prolonged work in and around construction sites. A critical content analysis of empirical and non-empirical studies revealed 27 strategies to support older construction workers and improve their safety and health at work. Inspection of mental health intervention studies revealed four successful interventions including alternative work arrangements, individual support programs, electronic mental health support programs, and health promotion program. Findings herein broaden the knowledge on health and safety requirements of the group of older construction workers that could assist industry practitioners in decision making and developing the best strategies to improve the workability and productivity of older construction workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mixed method is utilized to explore the relationship of food-delivery riders' income dependence and work injury. • A fresh relational perspective of platform and gig workers is adopted to analyse the state of income dependence that predicts work injury. • Food-delivery riders' income dependence degree is positive related to work injury. • Workload mediates the relationship between income dependence and work injury. • Difficulty in obtaining subsidies moderates the relationship between income dependence and workload. Food-delivery platform riders constitute a vulnerable population that is particularly susceptible to safety incidents and injuries. At present, only a few studies have specifically addressed the causes of work injuries of riders in the gig economy. Accordingly, this study examined the linkages between income dependence and riders' injury. A mixed method approach was utilised to analyse survey data from 5,703 riders of an online food-delivery platform in China, along with semi-structured interviews with 43 riders. The results provide empirical evidence that: (a) a rider's degree of income dependence is positively related to work injury, (b) workload mediates the relationship between income dependence and work injury, and (c) difficulty in obtaining subsidies moderates the relationship between income dependence and workload. These results can help platform companies take steps to reduce hazards to worker safety and suggest recommendations for policies on platform working conditions and rider safety protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A bibliometric analysis of 417 publications on the safety of autonomous ships is presented. • Influential countries, authors, research institutions and scientific journals are identified. • Research on autonomous ship safety and reliability is promoted mostly by recognized maritime nations. • The content of the 30 most influential publications is thoroughly analysed. • Potential/promising research topics and collaborations are identified. The safety and reliability of autonomous ships are critical for the successful realization of an autonomous maritime ecosystem. Research and collaboration between governments, industry, and academia are vital in achieving this goal. This paper conducts a bibliometric review of the research on the risk, safety, and reliability of autonomous ships aiming to provide researchers and maritime stakeholders with a structured overview of the topics, development trends, and collaboration networks in this research field. 417 papers published between 2011 and 2022 were identified covering 940 authors, 31 countries, and 227 journals. Three main themes were determined in this research domain: "safety engineering and risk assessment for decision making", "navigation safety and collision avoidance", and "cybersecurity risk analysis". Meanwhile, it was identified that research on cybersecurity in autonomous shipping is moving to overlap with safety, which requires future co-analysis methods. Additionally, the analysis of the most cited 30 papers suggests that further research is needed in the topics of unmanned machinery operation risks, online risk tools, system-theoretic safety analysis, human factor, and the determination of suitable risk acceptance criteria for safety assessment of autonomous ships. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the development of unambiguous COLREGs regulation is crucial for the development of safe collision avoidance algorithms for MASS. It was identified that the publication by Fan et al., (2020) is a key publication in this research field, while the journals of Ocean Engineering, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, and Safety Science are the key journals publishing on autonomous ship safety and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LCCA improved the prediction performance of AI methods with heterogenic data. • ANN and CBR can deal with the dataset including plentiful textual expression as incident cases. • CBR showed better performance over ANN in the prediction process. • CBR is more adaptable to new case entries than ANN for occupational safety data. • Record keeping is the key element of preventative actions for megaprojects. • The use of AI-based systems can prevent incidents in megaprojects. Record keeping systems are gaining more importance in addressing safety problems in megaprojects. The information recorded is being converted into large data domains since it has become necessary to examine problems down to the last detail to deal with them properly. Due to a high number of attributes and the type of information, the data has a high level of heterogeneity. The aim of this paper is to propose an innovative safety assessment methodology to predict the possible scenarios and determine preventative actions. The study introduces predictive models based on factual information and shows how to deal with the safety data which has a significant level of heterogeneity. Latent Class Clustering Analysis (LCCA) was performed to reduce the heterogeneity and extract homogenous subgroups from the data. For predictive purposes, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) were employed to estimate the outcome of incidents in terms of severity. CBR gave promising results and exhibited better performance than ANN. CBR achieved results in 86% of the test cases with 18% error at most. Moreover, the overall prediction accuracy of fatal incidents was equal to 86.33%. As a final step, the study presented preventative actions to eliminate safety failures. Ultimately, the proposed methodology can assist construction industry professionals in examining future safety problems by utilizing the collected large scale data. Furthermore, the study provides necessary preventative measures to be implemented before and during the construction stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Identification of the critical hazards in construction industry. • Prioritization the most critical and harmful criteria and alternatives, for the environment, society and economy. • Provide the policy recommendations to the construction industry and government of Pakistan. • Proposal of a new multicriteria methodology Modified-SIRA. For any industry, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a business strategy to foster a safe and healthy work environment. In the developed countries, the companies are focusing on the workplace safety in order to reduce the harmful results i.e. harmful impacts on the human health, environment, economy, productivity, society and reputation of a company. On the other hand, the construction industry (CI) in developing countries like Pakistan are not properly focusing on the OHS because of the high cost of personal protective equipment (PPE), safety trainings and activities. The objective of this research paper is to identify the critical hazards, its causes and consequences and to prioritize the most critical and harmful criteria and alternatives. For this purpose, a method called Modified-Safety Improve Risk Assessment (Modified-SIRA) was used. Within the Modified-SIRA, the criteria and alternatives are prioritized based on Risk Priority Number (RPN) and MCDM methodology called Fuzzy-TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), respectively. The results of RPN shows that most of the accidents in CI of Pakistan occurs due to the deficiency of PPEs followed by Electrocution due to electrical equipment, improper way of using the available PPE and falling of personnel from elevated platforms. Similarly, the results of Fuzzy-TOPSIS shows that chemical and fire hazards are the most responsible for the accidents in CI of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evidence that the OHS affects the competitiveness of enterprises. • Identify which OHS KPIs have the most influence on competitiveness. • Make the companies act in a more targeted way on the OHS indicators. • Through the integration of MAUT and ANN, accelerate probabilistic calculations. This research wanted to provide evidence that health and worker safety affects the competitiveness of companies and to identify the KPIs that influence the competitive results. For this, we choose to study the Brazilian slaughterhouse industry, which is characterized by an extensive and dangerous work. We identified 33 key performance indicators (KPI) of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) based on Norm 36 of the Ministry of Labor in Brazil. With the application of the Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) method we determined the values of Individual Competitiveness Rate (ICR) of each company and ranked them. For ranking and verification purposes we used Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which allowed the identification of relevant KPIs and to rank, identify, and visualize the differences in relative importance among them. The results show that the Global Competitiveness Rate (GCR) ideal for companies as provided by specialists is 3.48 (1 to 4 scale), and that only 10% of companies have ICR equal to or greater than the GCR pointed out as ideal by specialists. With this data, you can make the companies act in a more targeted way on the indicators, always looking to raise their ICR. The originality of this article is that, through the integration of MAUT and ANN, we can accelerate probabilistic calculations and through the information gain we can identify which KPIs have the most influence on competitiveness and therefore need special attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many disciplines, modern occupational, safety, and health (OSH) in the US is the result of years of professional maturation by three main drivers: practitioners/best practices, professional associations (i.e., certifications, education standards, etc.) and a series of external events (law, policy, accidents, etc.) i.e., that continue to influence the collective development of the profession. This paper reviews each driver and its contribution to the evolution of OSH in the US. In the US, what is recognized as the OSH profession was originally a sub-discipline in the engineering field. However, defining the scope and function of OSH, laying the foundation for OSH as a unique discipline did not begin until the early 1960's when the ASSP launched the Professionalism Project. It took several years for higher education to eventually create academic degree programs in OSH that focused on developing a capable and adequate workforce. Till that time, the discipline had been unregulated (i.e., anyone could claim to be a safety professional, with or without an education and with or without a professional credential) and unstructured (i.e., it was impossible to identify standardized approaches to identify and mitigate workplace life and health risks). Education standards for degree programs and professional standards for practitioners were significant responses to the lack of structure. For example, ABET accreditation and the creation of the Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP) and its CSP credential became the first bona fide metrics against which to determine professional competence. The paper culminates with a roadmap for OSH to follow to achieve occupation closure as an ultimate expression of professionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We estimated impression management as a response bias in three safety surveys. • Impression management inflated safety construct relationships across studies. • Impression management was most impactful in Studies 1 and 2. • Impression management inflated relationships beyond personality traits (Study 2) • Results stress the need for further research on method biases in safety surveys. Safety researchers often rely on employee surveys, which are susceptible to impression management. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of impression management in self-report measures of workplace safety constructs in three distinct samples. Results from an initial sample of research laboratory personnel indicated that impression management accounted for 28% of the variance in the relationships among safety constructs. In a second sample of research laboratory personnel, impression management was significantly related to safety constructs even after controlling for personality trait variance and accounted for more variance (35%) in the safety construct relationships than what was found in the first sample. A third sample of oil and gas personnel provided less support for the biasing effect of impression management, accounting for 11% of the variance in safety construct relationships. Overall, these data suggest that impression management accounts for up to one-third of the variance in workplace safety construct relationships. Safety researchers should seek to replicate these findings, examine interventions to reduce the prevalence and impact of impression management, and identify alternative sources or methods of assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We explore the REWI method for identifying resilience performance in a system. • We identify the benefits of serious games for knowledge elicitation. • We develop a method to develop serious games for resilience management. • We present a case study in the ammonia plant emergency release. • We propose a freely available online game for the case study. The development of safety indicators represents an integral part of any safety management process. Safety indicators are generally classified as leading or lagging, respectively whether they are active (providing feedback on performance before an accident or incident), or reactive measurements (identifying and reporting on incidents to identify weaknesses and failures). Leading indicators have been largely addressed as early warning instruments crucial to assess the potential for either safety events (accidents, incidents), or system's resilience. The Resilience-based Early Warning Indicator (REWI) method is a representative approach to develop such indicators. However, its main challenges are related to the data gathering process, which is traditionally managed by open-ended interviews or surveys, and the fact that the developed indicators may not necessarily represent proxy measures of system performance. This paper presents an alternative methodological framework for the development of leading indicators. We will explore the use of GREWI (Games for Resilience-based Early Warning Indicator method), a new method based on gamified data gathering, more specifically related to serious games. Abandoning traditional tick-box surveys, the proposed approach is intended to favour workers' engagement in workplace safety and, more in general, to overcome psychological barriers to their participation. The approach has been explored in a case study within chemical industry. In particular, the safety-critical sector of ammonia production has been addressed, with the purpose to promote and improve its resilience towards unwanted events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Jordanian nurses suffer from a high rate of injuries and illnesses in their daily duties. • Sometimes studies have termed safety compliance and safety participation as safety behaviors and at other times have termed them as safety performance. • Psychological empowerment among intensive care units' nurses is related to their safety compliance and safety participation. • Nurses perception of management commitment to safety can explain the relationship between psychological empowerment and safety performance. Occupational accidents are substantial, particularly among hospitals' healthcare providers such as nurses who deliver healthcare services directly to patients. Thus, improving safety performance via safety compliance and participation is required. This study investigates the relationship between psychological empowerment as a non-safety antecedent with safety compliance as well as safety participation. Likewise, the study explores the role of nurses' perceptions toward management commitment to safety as a mediator in these relationships. A personally distributed survey was employed, and the respondents comprised 285 intensive care unit nurses at eight Jordanian hospitals who were randomly selected by cluster sampling, with a 52% response rate. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was employed to establish the validity and reliability of the study model and to examine the study hypotheses. The results confirmed that psychological empowerment has a significant and positive influence on both dimensions of safety performance among nurses. Moreover, perceived management commitment to safety mediates these relationships. The psychological empowerment of nurses can enhance their compliance and participation in safety measures. This paper adds to the current safety literature and nursing practices by demonstrating the effect of psychological empowerment on safety performance. Perceived management commitment to safety as a mediator provides insights for leaders. Practically speaking, health policy makers and safety managers (i.e., infection control officers) should keep their nurses empowered psychologically and be aware of their real commitment to safety to enhance workplace safety of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Perceptions of safety climate across job positions in construction sites were assessed. • Safety climate is not as a homogeneous characteristic of the organization. • Worker-manager safety discrepancies were significantly correlated with injury rates. • Understanding of perspectives across the organization is needed to enhance workers' safety. While there is a growing body of literature on assessing perceptions of safety climate, many of these studies report a company's safety climate as a worker-based phenomenon. Discrepancies in perceptions of safety across different hierarchical groups in an organization may increase barriers to the development and implementation of effective ways to mitigate workplace hazards. This study examines and compares the perceptions of safety climate among three groups of construction personnel: (1) construction workers, (2) field supervisors, and (3) site managers; as well as evaluating the relationships among discrepancies in perceptions of safety and reported injury rates. The Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), which consists of 50 items across seven dimensions, was used to assess safety climate perceptions across construction site personnel. In total, 266 workers, 55 supervisors and 32 site managers from 26 Colombian construction companies were surveyed. Results confirmed differences in overall perceptions as well as across safety climate dimensions. Managers reported higher safety climate scores than supervisors and construction workers. There were no statistically significant relationships between each group's perceptions of safety climate and the company's 3-year injury rate. However, worker-manager discrepancies in perceptions of safety were positively correlated with the 3-year injury rate of construction companies. Better understanding of the differences in perceptions of safety climate across construction personnel, may make it possible to design comprehensive safety interventions that involve managers, supervisors, and workers. Targeting each group with initiatives customized to bridge their particular gaps can identify opportunities to improve workplace safety and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The present study is a systematic literature review. • The studies emphasize occupational safety issues compared to worker health issues. • The analysis pointed to weaknesses in use of epidemiological indicators in the management of OHS. • These indicators allow companies to proactively manage events with their employees. Occupational accidents and disease are events that can and should be controlled preventively by planning, organization and assessment of the performance of the means of control implemented. Excellence in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) depends on models that allow the adoption of preventive measures to reduce work-related risks by proactive action to improve the workers' health, safety and satisfaction. The objective of this article was to verify success factors, barriers and indicators present in the process of implementing an Occupational Health and Safety Management System. A systematic review of literature was performed by two independent researchers, based on the protocol of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). After a search in the databases Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles in English language, published between the years 2007 and 2018, remained in the final analysis. The results allowed evidencing the methodologies, tools and indicators used in OHS management. The analyses pointed out weaknesses in the existing models, particularly about the use of epidemiological indicators that allow helping the organizations to manage the occurrences with their workers proactively. A predominance of analysis was observed focusing on matters related to occupational safety to the detriment of analysis referring to occupational health which are given less enphasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Discusses five justification pillars for Occupational Safety & Health. • Moral, legal, economic, governance/risk management, human right. • Pillars examined regarding authoritarian, especially Alt-Right, socio-political climates. • Ultra-conservative influences may damage accumulated OSH advances/benefits. Established justifications for the occupational safety & health (OSH) proposition, namely (a) moral and humanitarian, (b) legal and regulatory, (c) economic, financial, and 'business case', and (d) risk management and corporate governance, are reviewed. OSH as a human right is also considered as a potential fifth justification. These justification pillars are further considered in the context of authoritarian, and especially Alt-Right, socio-political climates that continue to become more prominent and permanent across Western societies. The article concludes that ultra-conservative or Alt-Right influences may severely compromise the OSH proposition to an extent that OSH advances and benefits developed over the past 200 years may be reversed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• OSH MSes are often criticised for being ineffective. • FCM can be applied to model OSH MSes and improve their effectiveness. • Safety leadership is the most powerful driver of OSH MS effectiveness. The paper presents research in which the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) approach was applied in examining the impact of individual processes in the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSH MS) on the effectiveness of this System. For this purpose, an FCM OSH MS model comprising 16 objects has been developed. Fifteen of those objects corresponded to the processes in the OSH MS and one object corresponded to safety performance. Then a series of simulations was carried out, in which it was successively predicted how the improvement of individual processes affected overall safety performance. It was finally proven that safety performance increased most significantly under the influence of improvement of the leadership process. This proves that among all processes in the system, leadership has the greatest positive impact on its effectiveness. Practical implications of such simulation results are discussed herein, and further, extended application of FCM to improve effectiveness of OSH MSs is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We examine the effects of job insecurity and safety support on safety performance. • Supervisory and Coworker Support for Safety are effective psychosocial resources. • Interpersonal safety support can alleviate the negative impact of job insecurity. • Survey data were collected from 470 high-speed railway drivers in China. As job insecurity becomes increasingly common, seeking its palliatives has become a hot topic for scholars, especially for high-speed railway drivers who are vital for the development of China's high-speed railway. Researches have demonstrated that, organizational support is a valuable psychosocial resource that can alleviate individual negative behavior, yet its buffering effect between job insecurity and safety performance has attracted little attention. In this study, organizational support in the safety field was identified as supervisory and coworker support for safety. Using conservation of resources theory, this paper tested the predictive powers of job insecurity, supervisory support for safety, and coworker support for safety on safety performance. Additionally, it tested the buffer effects of both supervisory and coworker support for safety on the relationship between job insecurity and safety performance. The data were collected via questionnaires from 470 high-speed railway drivers in China. The results showed that (1) job insecurity had negative impact on safety compliance and safety participation; (2) higher safety support from the supervisor and coworker were associated with higher safety compliance and safety participation; (3) both supervisory and coworker support for safety moderated the effect of job insecurity on safety compliance and safety participation, respectively. Finally, theoretical as well as practical implications were proposed and suggestions for future research were also provided based on the findings in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Safety voice is the act of speaking up about safety to prevent physical harm. • Conceptually related to employee voice, safety voice has unique scope due to its emphasis on harm. • It is ecological: predictors, pragmatics and outcomes are found across levels of analysis. • Important challenges for safety voice remain in developing methodologies and interventions. Safety voice is the act of speaking up about safety in order to prevent accidents and physical harm. It occurs across contexts (e.g., healthcare, aviation, construction, mountaineering, high-risk sports) and understanding the phenomenon enables interventions. Despite recent interest, however, it remains unclear how safety voice (i) differs conceptually from employee voice, (ii) is delineated across levels of analysis, and (iii) could be optimally investigated. Addressing this, we identified 48 articles, and integrated 256 safety voice antecedents, 7 pragmatics and 23 outcomes into an ecological framework. Overlap was found with employee voice concepts and methodologies, especially for the behavioural nature of speaking-up. Nonetheless, safety voice appeared unique in terms of the content of the raised message (e.g., limited to safety), the context and person speaking-up, identified antecedents (e.g., hazard-specific antecedents), and methodological challenges (e.g., operationalisation of victimhood). Our proposed safety voice framework provides a novel approach to safety voice that is ecological and indicates interventions for mitigating physical harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Complexity of incidents is as important as severity for road-tunnel operating. • Internal and external cooperation is a key factor to contain critical incidents. • Collective anticipating and improvising are essential skills for safety management. • Critical incidents technique is relevant to study collective work for safety. In road tunnels, learning from experience is mainly focused on major events that occur in tunnels. But the management of traffic incidents or technical incidents is part of the daily work of Control Room supervisors and tunnel patrollers. Based on 17 individual interviews conducted with the critical incident technique (Flanaghan, 1954), our paper aims identifying the critical situations that professionals face, collecting and analyzing the safety practices and the cooperation practices deployed by each professional group to improve safety organization and learning from experience in the company. Our results show that critical incidents for the operators are mostly common action situations, but in complex or dynamic environment. The nature of accounted critical incidents is very much related to the profession and type of activity. As supervisors play a key role in incidents detection and psychological support for patrollers, patrollers use resource management and anticipation strategies to control the danger and contain event. The analysis revealed also the impact of tunnel user behavior on operators' activity as a source of disruption. Critical incident narratives underscore the fundamental role of cooperation when it comes to anticipating and regulating critical incidents, within each professional group but also on a cross-disciplinary and inter-organizational basis. Then, we will discuss how these results can be used to improve learning from experience, operators' skills and collective activity organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Benchmarking reports were used by leaders to inform OHS decisions. • Conceptual, symbolic, and instrumental knowledge use were identified. • Benchmarking reports helped leaders understand their OHS needs and initiate change. • Practical evidence-based tools can help leaders use research knowledge. Despite the growing awareness of the importance of using research to inform occupational health and safety (OHS) practice, little is known about whether this information is applied in workplaces. As part of two research projects, organizational leaders were provided with benchmarking reports to support OHS decision-making and performance improvement. Using a knowledge use framework, we examined how leaders used benchmarking reports in OHS decision-making. Thirty organizational leaders with OHS responsibilities from eight sectors were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to organize data and to identify, analyze, and report themes. Leaders noted that benchmarking reports contained helpful information and they were often used in some capacity for making OHS decisions. There were examples of conceptual, symbolic, and instrumental knowledge use. Leaders also discussed other information needs in OHS decision-making, such as best practices information and access to experts. Findings suggest that providing leaders with practical information and tools can help in decision making and improving OHS performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper gives a historical perspective on the development of the OHS profession in Romania. This paper is written by a practicing safety specialist in Romania. So far as can be ascertained by the author there is no research done in Romania into the role that such a specialist and aspiring professional fulfils, and the author has no possibility of funding such research herself. Therefore, the paper is based only on an analysis of legal requirements for the role and education/training of such practitioners. These are filled out with personal observations and questions arising out of the author's own work as a safety professionals and consultant over a period of 30 years It is offered to the special issue in that limited form as a personal view of the limited effect of reliance only on legislation as a support for the development of a professional preventive function in occupational health and safety (OHS). In Romania, being a health and safety practitioner requires formal qualifications (education, training and experience) established by government regulations. These have changed significantly even over the relatively short time since they were first established, indicating that they lack the firm basis in research and debate that could anchor them more firmly in practice. Such legally required qualifications are only one aspect in establishing a recognized OHS profession. There needs to be a supporting perception by the OHS practitioners themselves, their employers, government and the work community that they have a valuable and ethically underpinned contribution to make to danger prevention and protection. What is needed in Romania is research into the question whether those working in those jobs and their clients/employers see the possession of those jobs and qualifications as stepping stones to a profession, or simply as a way of making money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The construction workers' learner model was built incorporating five factors. • 170 construction workers taking surveys were divided into four categories. • Organisational and environmental factors had greater influence than personal ones. • Potential strategies to introduce PST and improve safety outcomes were discussed. The improvement of safety performance of construction workers heavily lies in safety training, and training technologies, materials and organisations. However, the traditional one-size-fit-all safety training does not cater for the needs of heterogeneous workers. Personalised training may proffer a better solution for heterogeneous workers in the construction sector. To understand the rationale of personalised training, this study formulated a learner model that can capture and evaluate the learning abilities of individual workers. Methodically, a survey on 170 construction workers was conducted, and evidenced that they were heterogeneous in safety training motivation, established knowledge, and emotions during the knowledge acquisition process; and were vulnerable to the model effect and convenience effect during the knowledge application process. The results also showed that workers generally perceived safety training as a mandatory requirement, rather than inherently motivated; emotional changes was the most influencing factor in the knowledge acquisition process; about 40% of the workers were strongly vulnerable to the model effect and convenience effect; and 18% of the workers needed to improve their ability of knowledge acquisition and knowledge application. The correlation analysis and t -test indicated that age, year of experience, trade, project type, organisation type and site environment influenced workers' learning characteristics and abilities; which lead to the varied levels of safety understanding, awareness and performance. It was also concluded that the construction workers had unique characteristics in their safety learning process and the concept of adapted safety learning could potentially improve the efficiency of safety training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Protection of employees' health and safety affects individual and organizational success. • Based on the experts' risk assessment analysis, jobs with female workers were ranked. • Multi-criteria analysis provided specific and valuable results. • Job in the rough sewing garment is with the highest risk per employee. Care for the protection of employees' health and safety at work is not only a legal and moral obligation, but also an activity that significantly influences individual and organizational success. The risk assessment of the workplace is a precondition for successful implementation of health and safety measures in both workplace and environment. The aim of this work is to rank workplaces from the aspect of risk assessment in the production processes in which women are employed, using the method of multi-criteria decision making. The ranking results point to the workplace in the rough sewing garment as a workplace with the highest risk per employee. Also, the workplace with the lowest risk to health and safety at work is in a production process of the automobile industry. Presented results are significant for improving working conditions, preserving the health of female workers, increasing their satisfaction and better achieving of organizational goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CSE is a new official profession in China. • Reviewed the history and development of CSEs in China. • Given an introduction to the administrative regulation on CSEs in China. • Introduced the important requirements regarding CSEs in China. Developing a group of good safety professionals is a key foundation for improving a country's work safety and health. In China, the widespread concern and discussion on the development of safety professionals, or more specifically Certified Safety Engineers (CSEs) started in the early 1990s. In recent years, especially after 2002, China's CSEs entered into a holistic, systematic and rapid development period because of the formal establishment and implementation of the professional qualification system for CSEs in 2002. Moreover, CSE is now becoming the most important profession in the field of work health and safety in China, and it has been officially approved by the central government. China has rich experiences on the development and cultivation of CSEs. However, these experiences were little known to the outside world due to the lack of efficient communication. Firstly, this paper briefly reviews the history and development of CSEs in China. Then, the administrative regulation and important requirements (such as capacity requirements and the knowledge framework) regarding CSEs in China are briefly introduced. This research aims at promoting the cooperation and exchange of information on the development and cultivation of safety professionals between China and other countries, to offer useful evidence and suggestions for the development of safety professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Solves the issue of compliance for systems that lack data and operational history. • Avoid lack of operational data and uncertainty leading to erroneous conclusions. • Avoid system certification if not compliant with safety performance requirements. • Valid alternative to arbitrary Margins Of Safety (MOS) in the worst-case scenarios. • Inclusive handling of the uncertainties intrinsic to all System Safety Assessments. System Safety Assessment is an integral part of the design and operation of aviation and Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. The aim of the System Safety Assessment is to identify, quantify and mitigate any and all risks; and to ensure that the system complies with the safety levels established by the regulatory authority. This paper presents an integrated methodology, based on Bayesian inference, for assessing and evaluating compliance with system safety requirements when there is uncertainty regarding the safety performance of ATM systems. The study constructs a Bayesian framework that reformulates the Safety Compliance Assessment as decision making under uncertainty. This framework addresses the main limitations of the System Safety Assessment carried out by Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs). Specifically, it: • Solves the issue of compliance for systems that lack the data and operational history of conventional systems. • Avoids situations under which limited information, lack of operational data and uncertainty may lead to erroneous conclusions and to the potential certification of a system that does not satisfy the minimum safety performance requirements. • Constitutes a valid alternative to the arbitrary Margins Of Safety (MOS) considered in the worst-case scenarios for safety assessments, thereby reducing the need for conservative assumptions and safety margins. • Allows for more inclusive handling of the uncertainties intrinsic to all System Safety Assessments. This leads to increased neutrality and a better understanding of decisions and judgements regarding compliance. The features and advantages of this approach are demonstrated via a case study which assesses whether an Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which has begun to provide services at a new airport with new systems and technology, is compliant with the safety objectives. Specifically, it is necessary to demonstrate compliance with any and all safety requirements applicable to the Air Navigation Systems, in particular VOR, DME and ILS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• OHS laws require provision of information, training, instruction and supervision. • SMEs use passive knowledge exchange, and basic checks on safe work practices. • Most SMEs provide limited ITIS in an ad hoc way. • Planned interventions using participative methods would be more effective. • SMEs need guidance to implement flexible legal requirements for ITIS. In many countries, laws for work health and safety (WHS) require employers to provide information, training, instruction and supervision (ITIS) to their workers about WHS matters. The objective of this study was to investigate how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) provide ITIS in the context of Australia's model WHS laws. The study was conducted in 46 SMEs, in three industries (construction, manufacturing, and health care and social assistance). Data about ITIS were collected primarily through interviews and documentation review, and supplemented by observation of work. The thematic analysis of data distinguished SMEs' main methods for providing ITIS ('methods'), and their approach to, and the scope of, their ITIS provision ('performance'). The literature about ITIS provision was applied in characterising SMEs' methods and performance. The methods generally involved passive knowledge exchange, and basic supervision to check safe work practices, rather than engaging and participative methods. However, some SMEs' methods included easy to understand information, and opportunities to learn in different ways. Most SMEs, including all small enterprises, provided limited ITIS in an ad hoc way. Only a small number of enterprises, all medium, used a carefully considered and substantial mix of methods. Within each of the three industries, SMEs favoured particular methods due to industry–specific influences. The study raises questions for WHS policy makers and practitioners about the translation of flexible, non-prescriptive legal requirements into workplace practice, particularly in small enterprises. Therefore, options are canvassed for guidance about developing and implementing ITIS initiatives, or engaging external providers for these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap), cynicism, and unsafe behavior in the workplace, and tests the effectiveness of a PsyCap development intervention in increasing PsyCap and reducing cynicism and unsafe behavior through a quasi-experimental, pre-post, control group design. Utilizing social cognitive theory (SCT; Bandura, 2001) as an overarching theoretical framework, the study proposes cynicism as a mediator of the relationship between PsyCap and unsafe behavior. Results support the effectiveness of the PsyCap development intervention. Furthermore, multi-group analyses support the hypothesized mediation model, with cynicism as a full a mediator of the relationship between PsyCap and unsafe behavior, in the treatment group, but not the control group, even after accounting for pre-intervention levels of PsyCap, cynicism, and unsafe behavior. Implications for research and practice are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper is identifying age-related changes and their impacts on occupational health and safety. • Work ability index is a tool proposed to measure a person's ability and performance. • New emerging risks must be considered in the development of an OHSMS. • Gaps in the field have been identified and a new research work is proposed. During the last decades, humanity experiences an increasing demographic change. The relative percentage of older people is growing, while fewer young employees are entering the labour force. This phenomenon is directly connected with ageing of the workforce. Older workers constitute a special group with characteristics that require special attention from the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) point of view. The aim of this paper is to address what changes occur in ageing workers as a result of physical and psychological processes and the possible impacts of these at work in relation to OHS and the concept of sustainable work and workplaces. In addition, this paper discusses factors affecting work ability and worker's performance in relation to the ageing phenomenon. Finally, based on the literature, the paper proposes measures to minimize age-related risks and increase awareness. These measures should be designed and adopted at the early stages of working life and continue until retirement. By reducing risk factors of employees, the rate of occupational accidents and occupational diseases may be decreased, thus saving costs for employers, health system and insurance costs, while simultaneously facilitating a healthier retirement for the working-age population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The feasibility of wearable sensors to assess workers' perceived risk is tested. • Electrodermal Activity is collected from workers in the field using wristbands. • Electrodermal Response (EDR) shows a potential to assess workers' perceived risk. • Field EDR monitoring can be useful for workers' perceived risk analysis. Abstract Risk perception is known as a critical step in workers' safety decision-making process. However, current approaches to assess workers' perceived risk include surveys and interviews which are post hoc, subjective, and cumbersome to implement at construction sites. To address the issues associated with these methods, the authors propose a novel approach for the continuous and quantitative assessment of workers' perceived risk using physiological responses acquired from wearable sensors. With this background, this study aims to investigate the potential of using physiological sensory data (e.g., electrodermal activity (EDA)) collected from off-the-shelf wristband typed sensors to understand construction workers' perceived risk during their ongoing work. To achieve this objective, 30 h of physiological sensory data were collected from eight construction workers during their ongoing work. The results indicate that: (1) electrodermal response (EDR), which refers to short-term changes in EDA, shows significant differences between low and high-risk activities; (2) high-risk activities significantly affect workers' EDR during their ongoing work. The main contribution of this study is to show the feasibility of using wearable sensors to understand workers' perceived risk in construction sites continuously. Considering the complexity and dynamicity of workers' tasks on construction sites, the development of an objective, continuous, and non-intrusive method for monitoring workers' physiological responses is expected to contribute to a more in-depth understanding of construction workers' perceived risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The process of sample failure was photographed by high-speed camera and stress transfer was captured by velocity tomography. • The failure process of coal consists of several stages of bursting damage with violent ejection of broken coal material. • Bursting damage is likely to occur in areas characterized by high stress concentration and densecracks. Abstract As one of coal mine dynamic disasters, rockbursts generally result in abrupt displacements and unpredictable coal rock failures with disastrous consequences and pose serious threats to mine health and safety all over the world. To improve mine safety, this work investigated the disaster-inducing mechanism and safety-control measures of rockburst. Laboratory dynamic cyclic loading tests were used along with a high-speed camera to capture the bursting failure of coal which was used to characterize this disaster evolution. Acoustic emission data were acquired. By adopting the velocity tomography technique, these data were used to inverse the spatial stress distribution inside the coal at different loading stages. It was found that there are many localised areas with different degrees of stress concentration inside the coal. The failure process of coal consists of several stages of bursting damage with violent ejection of broken coal material. The bursting damage is likely to occur in areas characterized by high stress concentration and dense micro-cracks, and is attributed to the inhomogeneous accumulation and unstable release of elastic energy. Rockbursts can be weakened or avoided by reducing stress concentration and controlling energy release intensity. Application of safety-control measures including destress boreholes and destress blasting have achieved good prevention effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Artificial support and C-shaped bracing structure mainly support unsupported roof. • Middle and rear parts of unsupported roof is the key position of roof falling. • The key time for roof falling is when the shape of roof is square. • The safety control criteria for the unsupported roof were proposed. Abstract Roof-fall accidents, happening near the driving faces of coal roadways, threaten the safety of construction operatives. Taking Jining No. 3 Coal Mine of Yanzhou Coal Mining Group Corp. (Jining City, Shandong Province, China) as the research object, we analysed the roof structure near the driving face of a coal roadway. Meanwhile, the disaster-inducing mechanism was studied through mechanical analysis and numerical simulation. The results demonstrated that the artificial support structure and C-shaped bracing structure co-determine the safety of the roof. With the length of unsupported roof (LUR) increasing, the control effects of the two structures experienced three stages of behaviour (i.e. a superimposed support stage, collaborative support stage, and independent support stage) on the roof. In these, coal at the top corners became looser and the roof span increased. As a result, the safety of the unsupported roof deteriorated, with the rear part being the first to become damaged, thus triggering a roof-fall accident. Based on the above conclusion, the research proposed safety-control criteria for an unsupported roof, and thus provides a critical basis for assessing support strength and ensuring the safety of tunneling construction operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Counted and analyzed the information of 47 Kilometer-Deep Mines in China. • Analyzed the situation of typical dynamic disasters in kilometer-deep mines. • Discussed the problems in the prevention and control of typical dynamic disasters. • Give out the measures for prevention and control of typical dynamic disasters. Abstract To ensure the safety of kilometer-deep mining and prevent the occurrence of typical dynamic disasters (rock burst and coal and gas outburst), this paper counted and analyzed the status quo of mining and typical dynamic disasters currently for 47 deep mines in China. The results show that the 47 deep mines are mainly distributed in 8 provinces; the proportions of mines affected by rock burst and coal and gas outburst are 53.2% and 29.79%, which are 29.23 times and 2.66 times the national average. Typical dynamic disasters in deep are more serious than that in shallow, the number of mines affected by rock burst will increase greatly in particular. The proportion of kilometer-deep mines that threatened by both coal and gas outburst and rock burst is 12.77%. Existing techniques used for prevention and control of typical dynamic disasters in kilometer-deep mines all refer to shallow mining; however, the following problems occur in deep mining: the mechanism of typical dynamic disasters and mechanism of complex disasters are not clear; the typical disaster early warning system is imperfect, and it's difficult to do precision mining in deep. Focusing on these problems, this study presents forward countermeasures from following directions: research on mechanism of deep typical dynamic disasters and coupling mechanism of complex dynamic disasters, establishing deep mine multi-parameter dynamic disaster monitoring and warning mechanisms and related equipment research, establishing deep mine typical dynamic disasters prevention and control systems, and research on the basic theory and equipment for precision mining in deep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The electric characteristics of coal samples were tested in the laboratory. • Fine division was performed on outburst danger areas. • Electrical characteristics of coal samples obtained in the laboratory correspond well with the site detection. Abstract In this study, with No. II 1051 working face of Zhuxianzhuang Coal Mine taken as the research object, the electric characteristics of coal samples were tested in the laboratory, and the resistivity imaging was carried out on the working surface via direct current (DC) prospecting instrument on site. Then, fine division was performed on outburst danger areas through gas geological analysis. Finally, mining verification and analysis were conducted. The results suggest that the variation laws of electrical characteristics of samples obtained in the laboratory test correspond well to those gained through site detection. Resistance does not distribute homogeneously in the working face, demonstrating regional significant high and low resistance, which is jointly induced by gas, stress, structure and water. Based on the aforesaid analyses, five outburst areas are determined, including high- and low-resistance regions and the mixed zone. The analysis results of gas occurrence regularity agree with the on-site situation, proving that the result of DC prospecting can reflect the distribution of outburst danger areas. The finding is of great importance for realizing fine detection of gas outburst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Technical documents are linked such that each enables and constrains how others are used. • Shifting away from rationalist safety rule uses requires using related documents in new ways. • Enable adaptive rule uses by codifying respect for worker judgment in all linked safety documents. • Adaptive rule uses depend on explicit understandings about evaluating accident accountability. Abstract Safety rules have long been associated with a rationalist or compliance/violation logic, meaning that workers must comply with rules, and can expect disciplinary action if they violate them. In recent years, scholars have begun to introduce an adaptation safety paradigm, proposing that rules should be used as "tools" for flexible action. This text analysis examines organizational policy, safety, and training documents associated with US wildland firefighter Doctrine , a policy that aligns with an adaptation safety paradigm because it formally allows firefighters to bend and disregard safety rules according to their judgment. The study tracks how Doctrine -related documents redefined how safety rules and other documents were used on scene and within accountability processes. The analysis also proposes a new technical documentation cycle associated with an adaptation paradigm, which illustrates how documents are linked with each other in policy texts, training manuals, and accident investigation processes and reports. Recommendations for safety scholars and managers include articulating how an adaptation paradigm for safety rules might address concerns related to: (1) how rules are incorporated into "normal" safety practice, (2) when rules enter/inform decision processes, and (3) and how organizations investigate accidents and determine accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • International questionnaire on safety specialist tasks, hazards and relations dealt with. • First concerns over harmonisation of role and functions. • History of transnational comparison of OHS tasks. • Development of voluntary certification at European level. Abstract An important phase in the development of a new profession is the process of comparison of the tasks, education, training, certification and regulation of its proponents across different countries, to understand whether there are sufficient commonalities to call it a recognised international profession. This paper traces in particular the processes and results of comparisons of OHS specialists' roles, functions and knowledge and skills requirements. The work was conducted under the auspices of the International Social Security Association (ISSA) and the European Network of Safety and Health Professional Organisations (ENSHPO and its precursors). The paper starts with a historical review of European collaboration in this field and a description of the ways in which relevant data were collected and analysed to provide insights into the role and functions of OHS specialists in Europe. The paper describes how these insights were captured into the criteria for professionalisation and a voluntary certification process at a pan-European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A new definition of "safety" is given from the view of the interaction between activities and environment. • The safety structure consisting of the atomic activity factor, atomic environment factor and the interaction between the two is developed. • The new definition of hazard based on the safety structure and its active identification method is proposed. • The guiding ideology for establishing dynamic risk measurement and prediction models of safety events is given. • The three-stage echelon active safety control mechanism for safety events is established. Abstract In order to reveal the essence of "safety", to realize the active identification of hazard and the active prevention and control of accidents, the safety structure theory (SST) is established in this paper. A new definition of "safety" is given from the view of the interaction between activities and environment. And the definition of the instability domain of safety events is given based on the definition of connotation in logic. According to the factor space theory (FST), factors are used to express activities and environment, then the environment factors space cane (EFSC) is developed to "bearing" the states of environment and safety events, and the atomic activity factor space (AAFS) is developed to "bearing" the states of activities. The mapping from EFSC × AAFS to EFSC is established to describe the interaction between the atomic activity factor (AAF) and atomic environment factor (AEF), then the safety structure consisting of AAF, AEF, and the interaction between the two is developed. The evolution mechanism and evolution process of safety issues are analyzed according to the changes of states of safety structures and the relationships between the states of simple environment factors (SEFs) and instability domain of safety events. Then the definition of hazard based on safety structures and the active identification method are given, and the guiding ideology for establishing dynamic risk measurement and prediction models of safety events is given. According to the risk assessment and prediction, a three-stage echelon active safety control mechanism for safety events consisting of advanced feedforward control, feedforward control and feedback control is established. SST is a new safety science theory, which can provide a new analysis method for revealing the essence of "safety" and the evolution mechanism of safety issues, and open up a new way for the development of active safety control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Technology introduction on ships is driven by economic rationality. • The implementation is rushed without adequate planning. • User training is haphazard and user feedback is not sought and concerns not addressed. • Automation technology makes some operations more efficient but also creates additional and unnecessary workload. Abstract This paper examines technology introduction on ships guided by three questions: (1) what drives technology introduction; (2) how seafarers are involved in the process; (3) what the consequences are in shipping. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ship managers and senior seafarer officers as well as a questionnaire study with seafarer officers. They reveal a discrepancy between the regulatory intention of technology introduction and the actual implementation process on ships. While the former is spurred by safety concerns, the latter is driven by economic rationality. This discrepancy makes technology a double edged sword in shipping. On the one hand, it plays an important role in improving safety, and on the other, it brings about work intensification and increased surveillance at workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Providing a new methodology for personal level unsafe behavior identification, assessment and modification. • A bright new view for the intrusion behavior differences in terms of gender and age. • An original research and application of intrusion big data in construction safety management. Abstract Intrusion, which is the unauthorized entry to hazardous areas on a construction site, is one of the most serious rule-breaking behaviors. It has received limited research attention since existing manual safety observations cannot effectively capture large and complex intrusion related information. This paper explores how age and gender impact on various forms of intrusion behaviors on construction site. Location tracking technology combined with BIM (Building Information Modeling) was applied to identify and record intrusion behaviors of 147 construction workers over a 4 month period. The results, empirically tested by ANOVA, show that age and gender have significant interactive effects on both intrusion frequency and duration. The analysis further indicates that male site workers were more intrusive-prone than females. For both genders, middle-aged workers had significantly higher intrusion frequency than younger and older workers. Further, young workers had the lowest intrusion frequency and duration. Finally, the corresponding reasons for intrusions and the responsive management methods were sourced from interviews, including the influence of male hyper-masculine norms in construction and the implementation of targeted training for high risk individuals. The findings in this study also provide support and key insight into the use of location tracking technology for intrusion management and safety improvement in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • There is a paucity of research on how to optimize training for cold environments. • Concepts from motor learning can inform methods for training in the cold. • Task complexity is an important consideration for cold training research. Abstract Cold exposure causes impairments in manual performance and therefore has implications for the safety and performance of individuals who perform occupational and survival skills in cold environments. The existing body of literature on the effects of cold exposure on manual performance has provided a foundation of knowledge regarding how cold exposure impacts safety and performance. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of the literature, identify gaps in the literature based on task classifications, and to discuss how optimizing training might be a meaningful way of enhancing the safety and performance of cold environment workers. Our review found that there is a limited amount of research on how to optimize training for cold environments. Our review also found that the current body of research is primarily based on findings from tasks that are biased towards motor or cognitive demands, but not both, and that most tasks studied are low in complexity. Based on these identified gaps in the literature, we discuss how concepts from the motor learning literature can inform future research to help determine the best methods for training in the cold. We also discuss how a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of cold exposure on manual performance could be developed by performing research that uses a broader range of tasks that vary based on both task complexity and the cognitive and motor demands. Research that addresses these issues could help to enhance the safety and performance of those who work in cold environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A comprehensive hybrid fuzzy-based occupational risk assessment model for the construction workers is developed. • All the crucial stages of a complete assessment approach are prudently taken into consideration. • A comprehensive step-by-step risk identification approach is proposed. • The proposed method for analyzing the identified risks is proved to produce very consistent and accurate results. • The adoption of suitable treatments for the pertinent risks is viable. • The robustness of the proposed assessment model is verified through its application to a real-life case study. Abstract Although some studies have focused on assessing the related risks to the workers involved in the construction activities, the developed models hitherto are tangled with some shortfalls, including unstructured ways of risks identification, low consistency and accuracy of the used analysis methods, and paucity of prudent evaluation strategies. These shortcomings lead to taking imprudent and inappropriate mitigative actions. As such, a Comprehensive Hybrid Fuzzy-based Occupational Risk Assessment Model (CHFORAM) is developed in this paper to systematically identify, analyze, and evaluate the risks to which the construction workers are exposed. The application of the developed CHFORAM to a real-life case study was observed to have the following contributions: obtaining a detailed list of critical risks posing danger to the workers in a stepwise manner, obviating the need for having statistical data associated with incompletion and uncertainty, analyzing the identified risks with improved consistency and accuracy, proposing the effective treatment strategies to deal with the risks, and providing future plans for dealing with the risks at post-treatment stage. The application of CHFORAM to any projects can guide the safety inspectors and managers in taking the further jauntier mitigative actions, leading to the improvement in safety and health of the involved workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • LA workers had a greater exposure to workplace hazards than Spanish-born workers. • LA workers had inadequate workplace OH&S policies and procedures. • Consequently LA workers had a greater vulnerability to a work injury or illness. Abstract The search for work is one of the largest drivers of migration. Globally there are an estimated 244 million migrants. It is known that occupational accidents are higher in migrant compared with native-born workers; however, there is a lack of information about the reason for these differences. The aim of this study was to use the vulnerability index to identify whether migrant workers were more vulnerable to occupational health and safety risks than native-born workers among a cohort of 306 workers in Spain. Data come from the Spanish Platform of Longitudinal Studies on Immigrant Families (PELFI). For this analysis, we selected current workers with at least one year of work experience in Spain, 18–65 years of age and born in Colombia, Ecuador (n = 217) and a control sample of Spanish-born workers (n = 89). The occupational health and safety vulnerability tool was used. Prevalence and adjusted (by sociodemographic and occupational variables) Odds Ratio (aOR) was calculated to compare migrants with Spanish-born. Latin American workers had a significantly greater prevalence of exposure to occupational hazards (81% than Spanish-born 54%) and to inadequate policies and procedures (38,7% and 22,5% respectively). After adjusting for a range of demographic and occupation-related covariates, the risk of exposure to an overall vulnerability was increased among Latin American workers (aOR: 1,9 (0,9–4,0). Latin American workers were more likely to suffer work-related vulnerability and that may place them at higher risk of work related health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Limitations of traditional probabilistic risk assessment approaches are highlighted. • Applications of Bayesian networks in safety, reliability and risk assessments are reviewed. • Applications of Petri nets in safety, reliability and risk assessments are reviewed. • Usefulness of BN and PN based approaches over classical approaches is highlighted. • Directions for future research using Bayesian networks and Petri nets are provided. Abstract System safety, reliability and risk analysis are important tasks that are performed throughout the system life-cycle to ensure the dependability of safety-critical systems. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) approaches are comprehensive, structured and logical methods widely used for this purpose. PRA approaches include, but not limited to, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Event Tree Analysis (ETA). Growing complexity of modern systems and their capability of behaving dynamically make it challenging for classical PRA techniques to analyse such systems accurately. For a comprehensive and accurate analysis of complex systems, different characteristics such as functional dependencies among components, temporal behaviour of systems, multiple failure modes/states for components/systems, and uncertainty in system behaviour and failure data are needed to be considered. Unfortunately, classical approaches are not capable of accounting for these aspects. Bayesian networks (BNs) have gained popularity in risk assessment applications due to their flexible structure and capability of incorporating most of the above mentioned aspects during analysis. Furthermore, BNs have the ability to perform diagnostic analysis. Petri Nets are another formal graphical and mathematical tool capable of modelling and analysing dynamic behaviour of systems. They are also increasingly used for system safety, reliability and risk evaluation. This paper presents a review of the applications of Bayesian networks and Petri nets in system safety, reliability and risk assessments. The review highlights the potential usefulness of the BN and PN based approaches over other classical approaches, and relative strengths and weaknesses in different practical application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]