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The family Euphorbiaceae ranks as the sixth largest among the Anthophyta class of plants and has 340 genera and 9000 species and is found in many parts of the world. Plants of this family exhibit various habits, including annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The distinguishing trait of plants in this family is the production of milky latex due to their succulent nature, enabling them to withstand or withstand water scarcity conditions. Various ecotypes of this species were gathered from distinct regions within the Faisalabad area. Various species of the Euphorbia helioscopia genus were randomly collected for morpho-anatomical examinations of their roots, stems, and leaves. The freehand sectioning technique was employed to perform section cutting of roots, stems, and leaves. Slides were prepared for long-term use after undergoing the staining process. Furthermore, the data was processed by using ANOVA technique. The primary objective of this investigation is to analyze, categorize, and confirm the existing classification of these taxa. This study presented information regarding the morphological and anatomical adaptations of Euphorbia helioscopia in response to different environmental changes. Anatomical modifications, such as enhanced thicknesses of root epidermis and endodermis, increased stem area, and greater thickness and cell area of the cortical region, have a notable impact in various habitats. Ultimately, Euphorbia helioscopia exhibited distinct alterations in its physical structural characteristics, which indicate its ability to thrive in diverse environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Euphorbiaceae is the sixth largest family amongst the Anthophyta class of plants. it consists of 340 genera and 9000 species and is cosmopolitan distributed throughout the world. The habits of plants are annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The identifying characteristic feature of plants in this family is the formation of milky latex, because of their succulent nature; they can tolerate or resist water deficit conditions. Different ecotypes of this genus were collected from different areas of Faisalabad region. Different species of this genus Euphorbia hitra was collected by random collection method for morpho-anatomical studies of roots stems, and leaves. After collection, samples were handled carefully and preserved in plastic bottles for sectioning 70% ethanol, and 30% water was used to prepare the solution. The freehand sectioning technique was used for section cutting of roots, stems, and leaves. Permanent slides were prepared after staining. Moreover, the data were subjected to one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to study morpho-anatomical features of Euphorbia hitra species from Faisalabad regions. This study provided evidence about morphological and anatomical modifications of Euphorbia hitra in response to various environmental fluctuations. Anatomical adaptations such as increased root epidermal and endodermal thicknesses, greater stem area, and large cortical region thickness and cell area play a significant role in different habitats. In conclusion, Euphorbia hitra showed very specific modifications in morphological and anatomical attributes that reveal their ecological success in a variety of habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]