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The current study on population trends of wheat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and its associated natural enemies on different wheat cultivars was carried out at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)-Pakistan during rabi season 2018-2019. Fourteen wheat cultivars i.e Wadaan-17, Paseene-17, Khaista-17, Ghaneemat, KT-2017, Pakhtunkhaw-15, PS-15, NIFA-Insaf-15, NIFAAman-15, Pakistan-13, PS-13, Shahkaar-13, PS-5, NIFA-lalma were planted in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) having three (3) replications. Data regarding the population trends of R. padi and its associated natural enemies were recorded on weekly basis. The result showed significant differences among different wheat cultivars with respect to the time interval for most of the parameters. Aphid's population was at its peak during the 3rd week of February but later on, the aphid's population decreased as the population of its natural enemies increased. Based on mean populations of aphid leaf-1, cultivar Pakhtunkhwa-15 recorded the maximum mean number of aphids (5.48 leaf-1), while PS-13 recorded the minimum mean number of aphids (4.09) leaf-1. Data regarding the natural enemies showed that Khaista-17 had a maximum population of Ladybird beetle adults (1.00 plant-1), and Paseene-17 had a maximum population of syrphid fly larvae (0.84 plant-1), and Pukhtunkhwa-15 had maximum lacewings larvae (0.81 plant-1). Overall results revealed that PS-13 showed relatively greater resistance to aphid population with maximum wheat yield (3412.5 kg ha-1) as compared to other wheat cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]