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The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (≲0.01 hertz), which we observed propagating for four (plus three antipodal) passages around Earth over 6 days. As measured by the Lamb wave amplitudes, the climactic Hunga explosion was comparable in size to that of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The Hunga eruption produced remarkable globally detected infrasound (0.01 to 20 hertz), long-range (~10,000 kilometers) audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations. Seismometers worldwide recorded pure seismic and air-to-ground coupled waves. Air-to-sea coupling likely contributed to fast-arriving tsunamis. Here, we highlight exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 14 August 2021, the moment magnitude (Mw) 7.2 Nippes earthquake in Haiti occurred within the same fault zone as its devastating 2010 Mw 7.0 predecessor, but struck the country when field access was limited by insecurity and conventional seismometers from the national network were inoperative. A network of citizen seismometers installed in 2019 provided near-field data critical to rapidly understand the mechanism of the mainshock and monitor its aftershock sequence. Their real-time data defined two aftershock clusters that coincide with two areas of coseismic slip derived from inversions of conventional seismological and geodetic data. Machine learning applied to data from the citizen seismometer closest to the mainshock allows us to forecast aftershocks as accurately as with the network-derived catalog. This shows the utility of citizen science contributing to our understanding of a major earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a catalog of relocated earthquake hypocenters for Hawaii that provides unprecedented detail on the possible pathways for magma from the mantle to the volcanoes Kilauea and Mauna Loa. It mentions that the researchers used machine learning-based earthquake detection and relocation catalog of earthquakes from 2018 to 2022 to improve on earthquake location methods of hydrothermal fluid pathways connecting from the upper cluster to the crustal reservoir complex of Kilauea.

The article discusses the application of citizen science in real-time earthquake monitoring which helped to understand the 2021 Haiti earthquake. It mentions how it took the help of seismometers in the entire country which record the earthquake. The citizen science network integrated data from its stations closer to the epicenter and published the earthquake's size and location. The network included 15 plug-and-play low-cost sensors Raspberry Shakes.

The article presents the discussion on public-private partnerships providing a method for vastly expanding sensor networks. Topics include monitoring the ocean and the atmosphere and US Geological Survey (USGS) seismometers detecting earthquakes; and smartphone sensors containing pressure, magnetic field, and infrasound.

The article informs on that following the discovery of magma at modest depth beneath Krafla Caldera, Iceland, an international coalition of scientists and engineers has been assembled to establish a long-term natural laboratory or testbed to take full advantage of this important discovery the Krafla Magma Testbed. It mentions that volcanologists rely on surface measurements from seismometers, Global Positioning System sensors, and radar satellites to guess its movements.

The article reports that planetary scientists are preparing for the demise of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) lander, which detected more than 1300 quakes on Mars. The dust accumulating on the probe's solar panels has reduced power flows. It mentions that researchers are planning a seismometer network for the Moon similar to the lines of the InSight lander.