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The article discusses the impact of global warming on arctic exploration and natural resource extraction, particularly focusing on the rate at which the polar ice caps are melting. It addresses efforts to decrease the rate of melting through diplomacy and international cooperation, noting the importance of environmental action from the U.S. government. Other topics explored include the need to develop a national environmental plan to deal with falling ice levels, potential infrastructure developments in the arctic, and increased interest in polar tourism.

The article examines environmental policies that are being sought to bolster international cooperation that will mitigate ways in which global environmental change affects the Arctic Ocean. The prospect of such change has promoted interest in energy production, fishing, and tourism. While the Arctic coastal states are asserting their sovereignty and jurisdiction in the region, non-Arctic states are also seeking an enhanced role in the Arctic Council. Challenges that may face the governance of the Arctic Ocean are discussed, including aspects of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Canadian Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act.