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7 results on '"Taro Takahashi"'

1. The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink

Author

Steven van Heuven, Christian Rödenbeck, Nicolas Metzl, Bronte Tilbrook, Nicolas Gruber, F. Alexander Haumann, Mario Hoppema, Peter Landschützer, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Colm Sweeney, Taro Takahashi, Rik Wanninkhof, Biogeochemical Systems Department [Jena], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Carbon sink, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, Thermohaline circulation, 14. Life underwater, Oceanic carbon cycle, Ocean heat content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Uptake uptick Has global warming slowed the uptake of atmospheric CO 2 by the Southern Ocean? Landschützer et al. say no (see the Perspective by Fletcher). Previous work suggested that the strength of the Southern Ocean carbon sink fell during the 1990s. This raised concerns that such a decline would exacerbate the rise of atmospheric CO 2 and thereby increase global surface air temperatures and ocean acidity. The newer data show that the Southern Ocean carbon sink strengthened again over the past decade, which illustrates the dynamic nature of the process and alleviates some of the anxiety about its earlier weakening trend. Science , this issue p. 1221 ; see also p. 1165

Published
2015
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2. Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment: Carbon Cycling in High- and Low-Si Waters

Author

C. Sheridan, Veronica P. Lance, James E. Bauer, Nicolas Ladizinsky, Steve E. Fitzwater, Zackary I. Johnson, Raphael M. Kudela, Alice E. Roberts, Susan L Brown, William T. Hiscock, Sasha Tozzi, Mark S. Demarest, Xiujun Wang, Ken O. Buesseler, Mark A. Brzezinski, Kenneth S. Johnson, Mark A. Altabet, Gernot E. Friederich, Paul G. Falkowski, Maxim Y. Gorbunov, Michael R. Landry, S. J. Tanner, Kevin F. Sullivan, Michal Koblizek, Zanna Chase, Burke Hales, William P. Cochlan, Robert R. Bidigare, Francisco P. Chavez, Anna K. Hilting, Geoffrey Smith, Virginia A. Elrod, Kenneth H. Coale, David A. Timothy, David Cooper, Benjamin S. Twining, Janice L. Jones, Richard T. Barber, Michael R. Hiscock, Taro Takahashi, R. Mike Gordon, Julian Herndon, Rik Wanninkhof, Craig N. Hunter, Peter G. Strutton, Frank J. Millero, Jodi Brewster, and Karen E. Selph

Subjects
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, fungi, Iron fertilization, Chemical oceanography, High-Nutrient, low-chlorophyll, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceanography, chemistry, Ocean fertilization, Phytoplankton, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, Silicic acid
Abstract

The availability of iron is known to exert a controlling influence on biological productivity in surface waters over large areas of the ocean and may have been an important factor in the variation of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over glacial cycles. The effect of iron in the Southern Ocean is particularly important because of its large area and abundant nitrate, yet iron-enhanced growth of phytoplankton may be differentially expressed between waters with high silicic acid in the south and low silicic acid in the north, where diatom growth may be limited by both silicic acid and iron. Two mesoscale experiments, designed to investigate the effects of iron enrichment in regions with high and low concentrations of silicic acid, were performed in the Southern Ocean. These experiments demonstrate iron's pivotal role in controlling carbon uptake and regulating atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Published
2004
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3. Decadal Variation of the Surface Water P CO 2 in the Western and Central Equatorial Pacific

Author

Taro Takahashi, Stewart C Sutherland, Richard A. Feely, and Catherine E Cosca

Subjects
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, Oceanography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Surface water, Pacific ocean, pCO2, Sink (geography), Pacific decadal oscillation
Abstract

The equatorial Pacific Ocean is one of the most important yet highly variable oceanic source areas for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Here, we used the partial pressure of CO 2 ( P CO 2 ), measured in surface waters from 1979 through early 2001, to examine the effect on the equatorial Pacific CO 2 chemistry of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation phase shift, which occurred around 1988 to 1992. During the decade before the shift, the surface water P CO 2 (corrected for temperature changes and atmospheric CO 2 uptake) in the central and western equatorial Pacific decreased at a mean rate of about –20 μatm per decade, whereas after the shift, it increased at about +15 μatm per decade. These changes altered the CO 2 sink and source flux of the equatorial Pacific significantly.

Published
2003
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4. The Fate of Industrial Carbon Dioxide

Author

Taro Takahashi

Subjects
Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, Earth science, Carbon dioxide, Extensive data, Environmental science, chemistry.chemical_element, Organism growth, Carbon
Abstract

Not all of the carbon dioxide produced by humans ends up in the atmosphere, but exactly where it all ends up and how much is captured by the oceans have been longstanding mysteries. In his Perspective, Takahashi discusses results reported in the same issue by Sabine et al. and Feely et al. that address these questions. Sabine et al. used an extensive data set to estimate the amount of carbon dioxide taken up by the oceans. Feely et al. studied what happens to calcium carbonate shell material from ocean organisms and the impact of industrial carbon dioxide on organism growth and dissolution of the shells. Such improvements in understanding the sources and sinks of carbon should provide information needed to make decisions about how to constrain the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Published
2004
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5. A Climatic Freshening of the Deep Atlantic North of 50°N over the Past 20 Years

Author

James H. Swift, Peter G. Brewer, Taro Takahashi, Wallace S. Broecker, Robert Williams, C. G. Rooth, William J. Jenkins, and Peter B. Rhines

Subjects
Salinity, Multidisciplinary, Oceanography, North Atlantic Deep Water, Seawater, Perturbation (geology), Rapid response, Deep water
Abstract

Observations made in summer 1981 show a significant and widespread decrease in salinity, averaging 0.02 per mil, in deep waters of the subpolar North Atlantic over the past two decades. This implies a relatively rapid response of deep water formation to climatic perturbation.

Published
1983
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6. Surface Textures of Sand Grains—an Application of Electron Microscopy: Glaciation

Author

Taro Takahashi and David H. Krinsley

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Multidisciplinary, Materials science, law, Hydrostatic pressure, Aeolian processes, Mineralogy, Glacial period, Electron, Electron microscope, Quartz, law.invention, Grinding
Abstract

To simulate glacial conditions, a mixture of ice and quartz grains was subjected to grinding under hydrostatic pressure of 500 bars. Electron microphotographs of these "synthetic" glaciated surfaces were then compared with electron microphotographs of grain surfaces which had been abraded and crushed by glacial action, and the correspondence was found to be good. Thus it appears possible to distinguish glacial sands from beach and eolian sands byexamining the surface textures of these grains with the electron microscope.

Published
1962
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7. The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink.

Author

Landschützer, Peter, Gruber, Nicolas, Haumann, F. Alexander, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., van Heuven, Steven, Hoppema, Mario, Metzl, Nicolas, Sweeney, Colm, Taro Takahashi, Tilbrook, Bronte, and Wanninkhof, Rik

Subjects
*CARBON cycle, *CARBON dioxide in water, *ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, *BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, *EFFECT of human beings on climate change, *ARTIFICIAL neural networks
Abstract

Several studies have suggested that the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean-the ocean's strongest region for the uptake of anthropogenic CO2-has weakened in recent decades. We demonstrated, on the basis of multidecadal analyses of surface ocean CO2 observations, that this weakening trend stopped around 2002, and by 2012 the Southern Ocean had regained its expected strength based on the growth of atmospheric CO2. All three Southern Ocean sectors have contributed to this reinvigoration of the carbon sink, yet differences in the processes between sectors exist, related to a tendency toward a zonally more asymmetric atmospheric circulation. The large decadal variations in the Southern Ocean carbon sink suggest a rather dynamic ocean carbon cycle that varies more in time than previously recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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