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3 results on '"Thierry Garnier"'

1. A Cryptic Subgroup of Anopheles gambiae Is Highly Susceptible to Human Malaria Parasites

Author

Emmanuel Bischoff, Gregory M. Snyder, Awa Gneme, Kyriacos Markianos, Xuanzhong Li, Inge Holm, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Michelle M. Riehle, N’Fale Sagnon, Karin Eiglmeier, Thierry Garnier, and Kenneth D. Vernick

Subjects
Mosquito Control, Genotype, Anopheles gambiae, Plasmodium falciparum, Population Dynamics, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Zoology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Malaria transmission, Anopheles, Burkina Faso, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Malaria, Falciparum, Malaria vector, education, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Larva, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Insect Vectors, 3. Good health, Sympatric speciation, Housing, Hybridization, Genetic, geographic locations, Malaria, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Population subgroups of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae have not been comprehensively characterized owing to the lack of unbiased sampling methods. In the arid savanna zone of West Africa, where potential oviposition sites are scarce, widespread collection from larval pools in the peridomestic human habitat yielded a comprehensive genetic survey of local A. gambiae population subgroups, independent of adult resting behavior and ecological preference. A previously unknown subgroup of exophilic A. gambiae is sympatric with the known endophilic A. gambiae in this region. The exophilic subgroup is abundant, lacks differentiation into M and S molecular forms, and is highly susceptible to infection with wild Plasmodium falciparum. These findings might have implications for the epidemiology of malaria transmission and control.

Published
2011
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2. On the Origin of Leprosy

Author

Marc Monot, Patrick J. Brennan, Jacinto Convit, Baohong Ji, Richard W. Truman, Diana L. Williams, Voahangy Rasolofo, Céline Lacroix, Marcos Virmond, John S. Spencer, Saroj K. Young, Thierry Garnier, Paul E. M. Fine, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Sang Nae Cho, Béatrice Flageul, Stewart T. Cole, Nadine Honoré, Samba O. Sow, Robert H. Gelber, Jean-Yves Coppée, Romulo Aráoz, Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Puces à ADN (Plate-Forme 2) (PF2), Centre National d'Appui à la lutte Contre la Maladie, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, University of Colorado [Boulder], National Hansen's Disease Program, Lousiana State University, Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Yonsei University College of Medicine, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Instituto de Biomedicina [Caracas], Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène Hospitalière [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Emigration and Immigration, Population Dynamics, Minisatellite Repeats, Disease, MESH: Africa, MESH: History, Ancient, History, 18th Century, MESH: Genome, Bacterial, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Pseudogenes, Mycobacterium leprae, History, Ancient, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, MESH: History, 18th Century, MESH: Asia, Human migration, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, History, 19th Century, Emigration and Immigration, Biological Evolution, 3. Good health, Europe, MESH: History, Medieval, Leprosy, MESH: Genes, Bacterial, Pseudogenes, MESH: Interspersed Repetitive Sequences, Asia, Pseudogene, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Evolution, medicine, Humans, MESH: Americas, 030304 developmental biology, Comparative genomics, MESH: Humans, Molecular epidemiology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Population Dynamics, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, History, Medieval, MESH: Leprosy, Interspersed Repetitive Sequences, Genes, Bacterial, Evolutionary biology, Africa, MESH: Minisatellite Repeats, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, MESH: History, 19th Century, MESH: Mycobacterium leprae, MESH: Europe, Americas, business, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

Leprosy, a chronic human disease with potentially debilitating neurological consequences, results from infection with Mycobacterium leprae . This unculturable pathogen has undergone extensive reductive evolution, with half of its genome now occupied by pseudogenes. Using comparative genomics, we demonstrated that all extant cases of leprosy are attributable to a single clone whose dissemination worldwide can be retraced from analysis of very rare single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The disease seems to have originated in Eastern Africa or the Near East and spread with successive human migrations. Europeans or North Africans introduced leprosy into West Africa and the Americas within the past 500 years.

Published
2005
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3. Response—New Mosquito Subgroup Breeds Questions

Author

N’Fale Sagnon, Inge Holm, Wamdaogo M. Guelbeogo, Emmanuel Bischoff, Michelle M. Riehle, Karin Eiglmeier, Thierry Garnier, Kyriacos Markianos, and Kenneth D. Vernick

Subjects
Larva, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Resource (biology), Ecology, parasitic diseases, fungi, Population, Sample (statistics), Limiting, Biology, education
Abstract

Outdoor-resting (exophilic) mosquitoes have been little studied because of the lack of efficient outdoor sampling methods. Pools of water for female mosquito oviposition are a limiting resource, and therefore collecting mosquitoes from larval pools should sample all members of the population

Published
2011
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