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Maturity evaluation of highly evolved organic matter is an important problem in oil and gas geochemistry, because conventional organic geochemical proxies are not applicable due to hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. In this study, we investigated the pyrobitumen in the reservoirs of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin, China. We focused on aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers, and the calibration and application of aromatic maturity proxies using pyrobitumen reflectance and Raman spectral parameters. Our results show that only the thiophene compounds are effective maturity indicators, such as MDR (4-/1-MDBT), MDR′ (4-MDBT/(1-MDBT+4-MDBT)), MDR1 (1-MDBT/DBT), 4,6-/(1,4+1,6)-DMDBT, (2,6 +3,6)-/(1,4+1,6)-DMDBT, and [2,1]BNT/([2,1]BNT+[1,2]BNT), as these are largely independent of the optical anisotropy of pyrobitumen The condensation and incorporation of thiophene compounds can lead to an increase in the reflectance of pyrobitumen, which means the thiophene compound parameters are positively or negatively correlated with pyrobitumen reflectance New potential maturity parameters were proposed, including DMDBTs/MDBTs, TeMDBTs/(DBT+MDBTs +DMDBTs+TMDBTs+TeMDBTs), 1-MDBT/MDBTs, and [2,1]BNT/BNTs. This method and these parameters are universally applicable to maturity characterization, especially in rocks that lack vitrinite, contain strongly anisotropic organic matter, and have high contents of thiophene compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]