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The change of the primary productivity across the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) remains controversial. In this study, records from two deep-water sections in South China (Xiakou and Xinmin sections) show the primary productivity decreased gradually from the latest Permian to the earliest Triassic, and five evolutionary stages Increase-Decrease-Recovery-Recession-Stagnation) can be observed from Clarkina changxingensis-C. deflecta to Hindeodus parvus-Isarcicella isarcica zones. Primary productivity decreased abruptly from the base of C. meishanensis zone. Besides, for adjusting to the deterioration of the oceanic environment, the primary producers in the oceanic surface had changed to acritarch and cyanobacteria, which were more tolerant of stressful environment. Then the producers were under huge stagnation in the H. parvus-I. isarcica zone. The values of quantitative calculation of the primary productivity from the black rock series in the Dalong Formation were very high, corresponding to that of an upwelling area in modern ocean, which shows that the strata of the Dalong Formation in the study region are potential hydrocarbon source-rocks. This result may come from the fact that South China craton was located at the equatorial upwelling area during the Permian-Triassic transitions. But organic matter contents were different in various sections because they could be affected by redox conditions and diagenesis process after burial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]