1. SARS-CoV-2 infection generates tissue-localized immunological memory in humans
- Author
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Kathryn M. Hastie, Zeli Zhang, Maya M.L. Poon, Donna L. Farber, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Rei Matsumoto, Steven B. Wells, Thomas J. Connors, Marissa C. Bradley, Daniela Weiskopf, Basak Burcu Ural, Yu Kato, Alba Grifoni, Maigan A. Brusko, Alessandro Sette, Peter A. Szabo, Todd M. Brusko, Nora Lam, Yoon S. Lee, Masaru Kubota, Joshua I. Gray, Shane Crotty, Ksenia Rybkina, Nathaniel I. Bloom, and Pranay Dogra
- Subjects
Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Protective immunity ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,animal diseases ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,Immunological memory ,Antibodies, Viral ,Article ,Immune system ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,Immunity, Cellular ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,respiratory system ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Virology ,respiratory tract diseases ,Organ Specificity ,bacteria ,Female ,Immunologic Memory - Abstract
Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been extensively characterized in blood; however, most functions of protective immunity must be accomplished in tissues. Here, we report from examination of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive organ donors (ages 10 – 74) that CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T, and B cell memory generated in response to infection is present in bone marrow, spleen, lung, and multiple lymph nodes (LNs) for up to 6 months post-infection. Lungs and lung-associated LNs were the most prevalent sites for SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T and B cells, with significant correlations between circulating and tissue-resident memory T and B cells in all sites. We further identified SARS-CoV-2-specific germinal centers in the lung-associated LNs up to 6 months post-infection. SARS-CoV-2-specific follicular helper T cells were also abundant in lung-associated LNs and lungs. Together, the results indicate local tissue coordination of cellular and humoral immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 for site-specific protection against future infectious challenges.
- Published
- 2021
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