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Variation in the soil-to-atmosphere C flux, or soil respiration (R s ), is influenced by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors, including soil temperature, soil moisture, and root biomass. However, whether light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived canopy structure is tied to soil respiration through its simultaneous influence over these drivers is not known. We assessed relationships between measures of above- and belowground vegetation density and complexity, and evaluated whether R s is linked to remotely sensed canopy structure through pathways mediated by established biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Our results revealed that, at the stand-scale, canopy rugosity-a measure of complexity-and vegetation area index were coupled to soil respiration through their effects on light interception, soil microclimate, and fine root mass density, but this connection was stronger for complexity. Canopy and root complexity were not spatially coupled at the stand-scale, with canopy but not root complexity increasing through stand development. Our findings suggest that remotely sensed canopy complexity could be used to infer spatial variation in R s , and that this relationship is grounded in known mechanistic pathways. The broad spatial inference of soil respiration via remotely sensed canopy complexity requires multi-site observations of canopy structure and R s , which is possible given burgeoning open data from ecological networks and satellite remote sensing platforms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)