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Carbon neutrality is an important policy in the current global response to climate change and has been widely recognized by various industries. In the process of promoting carbon neutrality, new energy plays a pivotal role. In this study, the definition and connotation of new energy and its role and specific operation in the energy transition of carbon neutrality are firstly explained. Promoting new energy development requires significant green and low-carbon investments. Taking China as an example, this paper analyzes the opportunities brought by the carbon neutral process to the field of green finance and analyzes the main features and development trends of green finance in China at present. Then this paper proposes policy recommendations to strengthen the development of green finance in China in terms of improving the green financial policy system, enhancing the supply capacity of green financial services, and optimizing the supporting environment for green financial development. Finally, this paper analyzes the measures and experiences of the United States in promoting low-carbon development and proposes countermeasures for China's low-carbon development on the basis of the five major relationships that need attention in China's carbon-neutral process. That is, strengthen the top-level design and improve the regulatory policy system; optimize the energy structure and increase the proportion of clean energy; optimize the industrial structure and reduce energy consumption in key industries; build a complete low-carbon technology system and promote low-carbon technology research and development and demonstration applications, and encourage local conditions to explore low-carbon development paths. The development of green finance can contribute to the advancement of new energy technologies, thus contributing to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although forecasting electric vehicles' growth in China was frequently reported in the literature, predicting electric vehicles market penetration as well as corresponding energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential in a more suitable method is not well understood. Methods: This study chose the double species model to predict electric vehicles' growth trajectory under mutually competitive conditions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For comparison, it set two scenarios: with 200 and 300 vehicles per thousand persons at 2050. To give details on energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential induced by electric vehicles' market penetration, it further divided electric vehicles into five subgroups and internal combustion engine vehicles into seven subgroups, therein forming respective measurement formulas. Results: This paper solved the double species model and thus got its analytical formula. Then it employed the analytical formula to conduct an empirical study on electric vehicles market penetration in China from year 2010 to 2050. Under scenario 300, electric vehicles growth trajectory will emerge a quick growth stage during 2021–2035, thereafter keeping near invariant till 2050. Meanwhile, current internal combustion engine vehicles' quick growth will continue up to 2027, then holding constant during 2028–2040, afterwards following a 10-year slowdown period. Scenario 200 has similar features, but a 2-year delay for electric vehicles and a 5-year lead time for internal combustion engine vehicles were found. On average, scenario 300 will save 114.4 Mt oil and 111.5 Mt carbon dioxide emissions, and scenario 200 will save 77.1 Mt oil and 73.4 Mt carbon dioxide emissions each year. Beyond 2032, annual 50.0% of road transport consumed oil and 18.6% of carbon dioxide emissions from this sector will be saved under scenario 300. Discussion: Compared with scenario 200, scenario 300 was more suitable to predict electric vehicle market penetration in China. In the short-term electric vehicle penetration only brings about trivial effects, while in the long-term it will contribute a lot to both energy security and carbon dioxide mitigation. The contribution of this article provided a more suitable methodology for predicting electric vehicle market penetration, simulated two coupled trajectories of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, and discussed relative energy-saving and climate effects from 2010 to 2050. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although forecasting electric vehicles' growth in China was frequently reported in the literature, predicting electric vehicles market penetration as well as corresponding energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential in a more suitable method is not well understood. Methods: This study chose the double species model to predict electric vehicles' growth trajectory under mutually competitive conditions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For comparison, it set two scenarios: with 200 and 300 vehicles per thousand persons at 2050. To give details on energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential induced by electric vehicles' market penetration, it further divided electric vehicles into five subgroups and internal combustion engine vehicles into seven subgroups, therein forming respective measurement formulas. Results: This paper solved the double species model and thus got its analytical formula. Then it employed the analytical formula to conduct an empirical study on electric vehicles market penetration in China from year 2010 to 2050. Under scenario 300, electric vehicles growth trajectory will emerge a quick growth stage during 2021-2035, thereafter keeping near invariant till 2050. Meanwhile, current internal combustion engine vehicles' quick growth will continue up to 2027, then holding constant during 2028-2040, afterwards following a 10-year slowdown period. Scenario 200 has similar features, but a 2-year delay for electric vehicles and a 5-year lead time for internal combustion engine vehicles were found. On average, scenario 300 will save 114.4 Mt oil and 111.5 Mt carbon dioxide emissions, and scenario 200 will save 77.1 Mt oil and 73.4 Mt carbon dioxide emissions each year. Beyond 2032, annual 50.0% of road transport consumed oil and 18.6% of carbon dioxide emissions from this sector will be saved under scenario 300. Discussion: Compared with scenario 200, scenario 300 was more suitable to predict electric vehicle market penetration in China. In the short-term electric vehicle penetration only brings about trivial effects, while in the long-term it will contribute a lot to both energy security and carbon dioxide mitigation. The contribution of this article provided a more suitable methodology for predicting electric vehicle market penetration, simulated two coupled trajectories of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, and discussed relative energy-saving and climate effects from 2010 to 2050. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunnel portal sections located in the soft-hard rock junction are vulnerable to the strong earthquake motions in seismically active regions. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the seismic response of tunnel portals located in the soft-hard rock junction. Taking the Baiyunding tunnel in northeast China as a background, a shaking table test with a geometric scaling ratio of 1:30 was built. Details of test setup and procedures are introduced first and then the test results are presented. The discussion of the results is based on the peak ground acceleration (PGA), the longitudinal, the contact stress, and the safety factor. The results show that the soft section of the soft-hard rock junction suffers remarkable damages under strong seismic motions, while the hard rock section is less affected by earthquakes. The increasing soft rock range causes a rise of the forced displacement of tunnel linings, which, together with the seismic inertia force, leads to the increase of the contact stress of the linings, and ultimately resulting in the deterioration of the tunnel seismic safety. To mitigate the seismic damage of tunnel portals in the soft-hard rock junction, rock grouting, bolt support, and other effective reinforced methods should be considered in the seismic design of the soft section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thread connection's root fillet radius of 0.038″ size is the greatest weakness of the API NC type joints and thread. During the slimehole drilling, especially in the deep and ultra-deep gas well, its stress concentration factor and notch sensitivity factor are very high A novel thread connection design (TM) of a drilling tool is proposed to decrease the fatigue failure of the slimehole drilling tool in the deep and the ultra-deep gas well in the Tarim oilfield China. The novelty in the TM thread structure is, reducing the threads per inch, extending the distance from the last engaged thread to the external shoulder of the pin and adding three threads to the conventional connection. The novel thread connection will improve the slimehole drilling tool's anti-fatigue life due to its improved elasticity and rigidity. Furthermore, the TM can transfer the maximum stress at the connection root to the loaded surface, which can effectively lower the fatigue notch's sensitivity coefficient. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is applied to carry out the detailed comparative analysis of the TM with existing thread connection NC38, TX60 and TH90. The TM has the lowest stress concentration factor and fatigue notch sensitivity coefficient, so its anti-fatigue life is the highest. In addition, TM is manufactured and is tested at Tarim oilfield in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high-quality development of the Chinese economy, the improvement of environmental efficiency in Chinese industries has become a significant task. Understanding the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry is essential for implementing effective environmental policies. This study aims to explore the impacts of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and innovation on the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry. In this paper, we apply the undesirable SBM model to calculate the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry and use the Tobit model to analyze the impacts of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and innovation on the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry in provinces along the Belt and Road in China from 2009 to 2018. Based on the results indicate the average environmental efficiency of the logistics industry in Chinese provinces along the Belt and Road is 0.7880, indicating that the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry was generally low in some regions along the belt and road. Innovation and FDI were found have a significant impact on the environmental efficiency, while economic growth fails to significantly impact on the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry in provinces along the Belt and Road. Therefore, we should encourage improvement of the level of environmental efficiency of the logistics industry. It is necessary to realize the co-ordinated development of the logistics industry and the environment through optimization of the development of innovation and transforming the FDI model in provinces along the Belt and Road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]