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Purpose: scientific and technical basis of the technology of applying mineral fertilizers against the background of precision irrigation during winter wheat cultivation in the south of Russia. Materials and methods. For assessing the precision irrigation technology efficiency in 2019, a two-factor field experiment was carried out at the fields of Biryuchekutskaya vegetable selection experimental station – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Vegetable Research Center” using the example of winter wheat. The influence of different mineral fertilizers availability at different irrigation technologies on winter wheat productivity was studied. Results. The following technical characteristics have been determined: yield, total water consumption, irrigation rate and water balance coefficients for the options of the experiment. On the basis of technical characteristics, empirical dependences of winter wheat productivity on the applied fertilizers total doses used by zonal farming systems and with precision irrigation, as well as the empirical dependence of the dynamics of potato productivity on the sum of the mineral fertilizers rate of application and water consumption during precision irrigation, described by the surface equation, were revealed. The specified yield increase due to fertilizers in variants with precision fertilization (A2B3 and A3B3) was 6.2 and 6.7 t/ha (or 94.4 and 124.1 %), which is 1.2 and 1.5 t/ha higher in comparison with the recommended climatic cropping pattern (CCP) (A2B2 and A3B2), respectively. Water consumption of winter wheat in variants without irrigation (A1B1, A1B2, A1B3) ranged from 3371 to 3525 m³/ha, and in variants with the technology recommended by CCP (A2B1, A2B2 and A2B3), varied from 5702 to 6162 m³/ha and varied from 5639 to 6066 m³/ha in variants of the experiment with precision irrigation (A3B1, A3B2 and A3B3). Conclusions. The analysis of the results of field studies made it possible to conclude that the technology of precision application of mineral fertilizers against the background of precision irrigation has shown high efficiency.

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of groundwater treatment through filter-sorption loading by choosing the optimal ratio of its components and loading height. Material and Methods: the rounded (natural) quartz sand with a particle size of 0.8–2.0 mm and activated carbon on a coal-mining basis with a particle size of 1.5–2.8 mm was used as components of the filter-sorption loading in the given studies. During the research various ratios of these components with different loading heights were used. Results: the existence of a functional relationship between several filtration loading components ratio options and its height is determined during the experimental data analysis. The obtained experimental dependences show at what filter load and loading height the process of groundwater treatment was most effective. At a maximum loading height of 0.8 m, the water treatment efficiency increases to 99 %, but the filtering speed decreases to 0.7 m/h. Conclusion: there is a decrease in the iron concentration from 0.64 to 0.18 milligrams per cubic decimeter, manganese from 2.25 to 0.38 milligrams per cubic decimeter, stiffness from 22.6 to 18.2 °dH and suspended solids from 1.2 to 1.1 milligrams per cubic decimeter in relation to the source groundwater, with all variants of the filter loading ratio. This justifies the effectiveness of the developed filter-sorption loading. As a result of the studies the high purification efficiency was observed at a loading ratio of 3:1. The decrease in iron concentration reached 72 %, manganese – 86 %, hardness – 30 %, suspended solids – 10 %. Laboratory experiments have shown that a decrease in the amount of iron, manganese and suspended solids in water depends on the filter loading height and the filtration rate. Thus, the best option is a loading height of 0.5 to 0.7 m with a filtration rate of 3.7 to 2.4 m per h with a ratio of 3:1.