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Electroporation is used to induce homologous recombination in the genome of the murine ES (embryonic stem) cells. Routinelly subconfluent ES cells are recommended to be used in such experiments. Electroporation of immunoglobulin specific targeting vectors with different length of homology leads to reduced number of selected colonies. The enrichment of double selected colonies is high and thus the amount of HM-1 ES cell colonies for the analysis is very low. Here we show that the electroporation of confluent HM-1 ES cells leads to an increased amount of simple and double selected colonies.

The efficiency of homologous recombination relies on the lenght of the homology arms and the chromatin compactation of the locus. In ES cells the immuoglobulin locu is compacted. Thus, the homologous recombination events occur at a very low frequency. A high number of ES cell colonies have to be analysed to detect a homologous recombination event. Here we describe a reliable and rapid protocol for the analysis of targeted mutagenesis in the immunoglobulin locus using Southern Blot analysis.

Gynogenesis is a technique used to generate diploid individuals with genetic material exclusively of maternal origin. In this study we test the hypothesis that heat shock treatment of rainbow trout eggs, activated with UV irradiated sperms, leads to the generation of a uniform populations of diploid gynogenetic females. Activation of fertilized eggs with UV irradiated semen, by heat shock at 27.5°C for 10 min. directly after fertilization induces diploid gynogenesis. Diploid individuals are obtained at a rate of 73.33%. Triploid individuals are obtained at a rate of 26.67%. The enhanced number of triploid individuals may be due to insufficient irradiation of heritable material of sperm.

The aim of this paper was to establish some correlations between certain morphometric parameters and embryo quality. The morphometric parameters taken into consideration were: zona pellucida thickness, outer and inner diameter, and outer and inner perimeter. For experiments we used embryos recovered at 24 hours from mouse females superovulated with gonadotrope hormones (eCG and hCG). The embryos recovered were cultivated in KSOM media, supplemented with amino acids, and during the in vitro cultivation they were measured at different time intervals for establishing morphometric parameters. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Minitab 15, using Fitted Line Plot regression that allows testing of the linear and polynomial regression of one variable. After statistical analyze of the data we found that the thickness of the zona pellucida can constitute a morphometric parameter that can be used as an indicator of subsequent development of the 2 cell embryos to morula and blastocyst stage respectively. The other morphometric parameters studied (outer and inner diameter, and outer and inner perimeter) cannot be used as indicators of the embryo development.

The aim of this paper was to investigate if morphometric parameters can be used in establishing the viability of the mouse embryos. For the experiments, we used mouse mature oocytes and embryos in vivo obtained. The morphometric parameters taken into consideration were: pellucid zone thickness, outer and inner diameter, and outer and inner perimeter and for oocytes and zygotes the cellular mass diameter was also measured. The oocytes were measured immediately after recovery then they were in vitro fertilized. After 4-6 hours after fecundation the oocytes that manifested the extrusion of the second polar body (zygotes) were measured, and at 24 hours after fecundation the unfertilized oocytes were also measured. The embryos were obtained from mouse females superovulated with gonadotrope hormones (eCG and hCG). For the experiments we used embryos in different developmental stages (2, 4 and 8 cells, morula and blastocyst). After recovery the embryos were morphologically analyzed and divided in viable (quality code 1, 2 and 3) and nonviable embryos (quality code 4) (IETS Manual, 1989) and they were measured for establishing the morphometric parameters value. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Minitab 15, and T test. For the oocytes it was noticed that the pellucid zone thickness is registering a slightly increase if the oocyte is fertilized, without significantly difference from recovery, but if the oocyte is not fertilized the pellucid zone thickness decrease from 8.3±1.5 µm to 8.0±1.5 µm. For the embryos in early developmental stages only the thickness of the pellucid zone can be an indication of the viability. For the embryos in morula stage the thickness of the pellucid zone and inner diameter can be used as indicator of viability. For the embryos in blastocyst stage the thickness of the pellucid zone, the inner and outer diameter can be used as a viability indicator.

The conception rate is defined as the aptitude of a female to romaine pregnant after the first A.I. and represents the proportion between the number of pregnant cows at first A.I and the number of cows inseminated in that period. In our experiments of estrus induction and synchronization, in order to increase the pregnancy rates, we used the Ovsynch protocol and other protocols for PgF2α and GnRH. In order to establish the pregnancy rates, the number of females that have not return in heats after A.I. were taken in consideration. The conception rates were 45.5 – 52.6%. The estrus synchronization offers the possibility to increase the pregnancy rates at first service after calving and creates the possibility to inseminate at certain time without heat detection.

In Romania, the Transylvanian Naked Neck hen breed is considered to be an “endangered” population, reason for which we consider that a special attention should have been given until now. Plymouth Rock breed was imported for the first time to Romania from the Studler Company, France in 1969. This paper is aiming to perform a profound analysis of the development patterns of the somite number in the two breeds, by measurements carried out at 26, 30, 40, 50, and 60 hours of incubation. Observations demonstrate that somite forming is carrying on in a similar way as the other embryo complex characteristics following an undulatory curve whose curls are different in the two breeds, but the forming speed during the whole studied period is similar. We estimate that the two breeds have a good combinative capacity, which recommend the utilization of these genetic materials to obtain hybrids for producing “peasant-type” chicken meat, very well-appreciated by the Europeans between the two World Wars.

Integration of the Romania in the UE, is imposing a special attention to hunting animals populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for the 13th species, in the period 2006-2010, in the hunting terrain 56 Chevereş, from Forest Domain – Lunca Timişului, with a total surface of 9109ha. After the observations were performed, the present paper is stating that on this hunting ground had no good correlation between the number of individuals and the biogenic capacity of the hunting fond at the following species: Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), Roe Deer (Caproleus Caproleus L.), Wild hog (Sus scrofa L.), European hare (Lepus europaeus P.), in turn at the rest of the studied species the correlation is good. For the species in regress the observations are recommending the following with attention of the natural selection and the improvement of the artificial selection.

Non additive genetic component that is the base of a quantitative character has no predictability, this is the reason for which the present paper is proposing to appreciate the special combinatory capacity for corporal mass of the descendants at birth in a specific crossing scheme combining three rabbit breeds common for total gain and average daily gain the finishing period (30- 80 days), in Timis county breeders New Zealand White, Large Chinchilla and Californian. The data obtained, statistic presented prove a good special combinative capacity for this character, reason for which the crossing scheme is recommended for producing meat individuals destined for slaughterhouses. This scheme provides an exploitation of the high fervency of the heterozygote at maternal forms and at the final hybrids.

Polyploidy at fish is characterized by modification of normal diploid chromosome set (2n) to triploid (3n), tetraploid (4n) etc. Experiments were carried out on biological material from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikiss) during the natural period of reproduction. Polyploidy can be induced by exposing the eggs to heat shock. The highest levels of embryo losses are observed in the first two decades of incubation. The success rate of the tetrapolidy induction after 6 hours after fertilization evaluated by karyotype analysis was 66.67%. During the whole incubation period for the experimental group the losses were evaluated at 39.86% from the incubated eggs, and for the control group at 13.48%.

Protonation and deprotonation of ammonia provides a mechanism for movement of the molecule across membranes and they make ammonia an important intermediate in acid-base regulation as well as N metabolism. Only unionized ammonia molecules are able to penetrate the rumen wall proportional to their concentration. Rising pH dramatically increases the percentage of unionized ammonia. The ratio of the ammonium ion, NH4 + , to ammonia, NH3 is inversely related to pH. The study had in view to establish the content of free and ionized ammonia in the rumen fluid under the influence of nutritional factors (slow release urea, sugar, live yeasts and premix) in five periods. Each increase in pH by 0.5 units further increases free ammonia percentage by the average factor of 3.27. The decrease in pH with 0.5 units from 6.8 to 6.3 induces an increase in the NH4 + proportion from 99.0% to 99.7% while the decrease in pH with 0.5 units from 6.3 to 5.8 induces an increase in NH4 + proportion from 99.7% to 99.9%.

Specialty literature is presenting few data about the estimation of the phenotypic correlations at voyager pigeon. The present study is aiming to present a classic and simple method, accessible to any pigeon ameliorator. The method was used to estimate the phenotypic correlation between the length of the stern and the arrival time in an 18 individuals GROSSE-FOND pigeon stock Jan Aarden breed for a distance of 976 Km. The analyze demonstrate that at the effective studied there is a positive correlation between the two studied characters, the correlation value is was 0,885, reason for which we recommend that the breeders of Jan Aarden stock from this breed should take into the consideration the correlation when performing selection in order to obtain a greater selection effect.

In Romania, the Transylvanian Naked Neck hen breed is considered to be an “endangered” population, reason for which we consider that a special attention should have been given then until now. Plymouth Rock breed was imported for the first time to Romania from the Studler Company, France in 1969. The present work is aiming to study profoundly the development model for development at 26, 30, 40, 50 and 60 hours incubation age, in Transylvanian Naked Neck hen breed and compare it to Plymouth Rock breed. The observations are proving that in the first 60 incubation hours the segmented mesoderm morphogenesis in the two breed, is different, dictated by the two different genetic structures. It is noticeable that Transylvanian Naked Neck is characterized by a vigorous embryonic development, overcoming, the other breed tested by the age of 40 incubation hours. We estimate that the two breeds have a good combinative capacity, which recommend the utilization of these genetic materials to obtain hybrids for producing “peasant-type” chicken meat, very well-appreciated by the Europeans between the two World Wars.

Body condition represents the physiological and maintenance stage of an animal at a given time. The study on the body condition of the cows was conducted on a group of 22 Frisian Holstein cows. The average milk production per normal lactation (305 days) was 8664 kg. The animals were bred in free stall, stand for milking type 5x1. The body condition was assessed after calving (postpartum) and 80 days later. The body condition index decreased by 26, 39% in this time interval, achieving the critical score of 2.5 points. The production of milk represented the 27, 64±0, 98% of the total average milk production. The appreciation of the body condition using the point method represents and easy method. The appreciation of the body condition by the point method represents a valuable tool for the health monitoring and proper nutrition of cows with superior genotypes.

The aim of the paper was the study of embryos survival rate after eggs triploidy treatment in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). The triploidy induction was preformed during the cold period of January when the water temperature reached 8-10°C and the environmental conditions inducted the natural reproduction of rainbow trout. The reproducers used for the experiments were between 3-5 years old. The spawn fertilization was made by the wet method. For each experimental lot higher losses have been observed at the end of the first, second, third and the middle of the fourth decade. The T1 experimental lot has registered the highest losses in the first decade while the T2 lot in the last decade. The losses registered for the T1 and T2 experimental lots during the spawn incubation were significant higher comparing to the control lot M as resulted by the statistical interpretation of data’s.

The aim of our work was to compare the efficiency of two programs for induction and synchronization of estrus and ovulations in acyclic cows (Ovsynch and gestagene program (PRID) + eCG). At the first lot, of 63 cows, 2 mL Ovorelin (100 mcg GnRH), were administrated (0 day), in the 7th day 0.500 mg Cloprostenol were administered, in the 9th day 100 mcg GnRH were administered and after 16 hours artificial insemination was performed. At the 41 cows in the second lot, PRID (1.55g Progesteron) were inserted (0 day), in the 7th day 0.500 mcg Cloprostenol were administrated, in the 8th day PRID were redraw and 500 UI eCG were administrated, after 56 hours artificial insemination was preformed and 100 mcg GnRH were administrated. After 60 days from the artificial insemination 20 cows (31.7%) of from the first lot and 16 cows (39%) from the second lot, were diagnosed as pregnant, the differences are significant (p

This article it’s presenting results regarding the main reproduction indicators for German Spotted and Frizz Holstein. In stand to achieve this goal we fallow 3 main reproduction indicators to the cows with normal uterine involution and to the cows with puerperal infections: uterine repose (UR), Insemination index (Ig) and gestation rate (G). Regarding the uterine repose we notice that there were no significantly differences between the two breeds for the cows with normal uterine involution, 114.00±8.80 days for German Spotted and 126.79±12.86 days for Frizz Holstein. For the cows with puerperal infections we notice very significant differences, 128.58±10.16 days for German Spotted and 184.27±12.68 days for Frizz Holstein. Regarding the number of insemination/gestation there were no significant differences between the cows with normal calving. In this way, the index/gestation was 1.45±0.11 for German Spotted and 1.57±0.17 for Frizz Holstein. For the cows with puerperal infections was a distinguished significant difference regarding the index/gestation, so we have 1.59±0.16 for German Spotted and 2.32±0.20 for Frizz Holstein. The pregnancy rate for the cows with normal uterine involution was 66% for German Spotted and 64% for Frizz Holstein. The gestation rate for Frizz Holstein was smaller for both categories (64% at the cows with normal uterine involution and 42% at the cows with puerperal infection). After that research we can conclude that, generally, the cows with post calving infections registered middle values for different reproduction indicators comparative with the healthy cows.

Integration of the Romania in the UE, is imposing a special attention to hunting animals populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for the 13th species, in the period 2005-2009, in the hunting terrain Şarlota, from Forest Domain – Timisoara, with a total surface of 6149 ha. The conclusion was that the numeric evolution of the species studied was normal, maintaining a balance between populations as a conclusion of natural and artificial selection. It was also noticed that there is a good correlation between the numbers of individuals from the species studied and the biogenic capacity of the hunting fond studied.

Non additive genetic component that is the base of a quantitative character has no predictability, this is the reason for which the present paper is proposing to appreciate the special combinatory capacity for corporal mass of the descendants at birth in a specific crossing scheme combining three rabbit breeds common in Timis county breeders New Zealand White, Large Chinchilla and Californian. The data obtained, statistic presented prove a good special combinative capacity for this character, reason for which the crossing scheme is recommended for producing meat individuals destined for slaughterhouses. This scheme provides an exploitation of the high fervency of the heterozygote at maternal forms and at the final hybrids.

PRID are frequently used in reproductive control programs at dairy cows. The aim of our paper was to synchronize the estrus and ovulations in cycling cows and to simulate the ovarian function in non-cycling cows. At 28 cows with cycling ovarian activity the duration of treatment was 7 days. After the device removal 2 ml Proliz (0.450 mg Cloprostenol) were administered. AI was performed at 72 hours after the end of the hormonal treatment and 20 (71,42 %) were diagnosed as pregnant. At the 34 anestrous cows the duration of the treatment was 10 days. With 24 hours before the redrawn of the PRID, 500 IU eCG were administered. AI was performed at 60 hours from the end of the hormonal treatment and 14 (41.17%) cows were diagnosed as pregnant. The PRID spirals can be used with success in synchronizing the ovulations in cycling cows and in anestrous therapy in non-cycling cows.

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed in Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this paper was to estimate variance at 12 body measurements using 26 males from Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed. The animals were registered with the Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania. The statistical data showed that there is a large variance for body length and tail length, a middle variance for the croup width and thorax width and a small variance for height at withers, height at middle of back, height at croup, height at the base of the tail, depth of thorax, thoracic perimeter, elbow height and height of the hock. We recommend of breeders dogs from this breed to take account in genetic improvement programs, of values presented in this paper.

The results of synchronization of estrus and ovulation by Ovsynch program can be improved if stages of estrous cycles in cows are synchronized, through two administrations of PGF2α, before the administration the first dose of GnRH. The aim of our paper was to establish if the interval between the administrations of two doses of PGF2α influence the rates of conception/pregnancy after the Ovsynch synchronization program of the estrus and ovulation. The treatments of pre-synchronization with PGF2α were started in the interval postpartum 46-50 days. At the first lot of cows, the interval between two administrations of PGF2α was 7 days; at the second lot, the interval between the two administrations of PGF2α was 12 days and at the third lot the interval between two administrations of PGF2α was 14 days. As a source of PGF2α, we used 2 ml Proliz (I. Pasteur, Bucharest România) (400 mcg Cloprostenol). At all the three groups, we started the Ovsynch program at 7 days after the last administration of PGF2α by administration of 100 mcg GnRH (Ovarelin), after 7 days we administered 400 mcg Cloprostenol, and after 48 hours we administered the last dose of 100 mcg GnRH. All females were inseminated at 16-20 hours after the last dose of GnRH. At the pre-synchronized cows with 2xPGF2α, at interval of 7 days, the rate of conception was 81.43%, significantly higher (p˂0.05) than at the pre-syncronized cow at 12 or 14 days (71.15%, 71.64% respectively). With regard at the pregnancy rates were 70%, significantly higher (p˂0.05) compared with pre-synchronized cows at 12 or 14 days (55.77%, 56.72% respectively). Are not significant differences (p> 0.05) between the pre-syncrhonized cows at 12 or 14 days.

The aim of this paper was to compare, from the point of view of the synchronization the estrus and the rates of conception and pregnancy, two synchronization programs with PRID and PRID/GnRH. The treatments of synchronization of the estrous and the ovulations were carried out according to the following synchronization protocol: (i) in the interval 46-50 days from calving was administered a dose of 2 ml Proliz (400 mcg Cloprostenol), after 7 days was introduced intravaginal a PRID device with a content of 1.55 g progesterone, after 7 days were administered 400 mcg Cloprostenol and after 2 days were retracted PRID. The females were inseminated at 56 hours from the retraction of PRID; (ii) 400 mcg Cloprostenol in the interval 46-50 days from calving, after 7 days was introduced intravaginally one PRID plus 100 mcg GnRH, after 7 days was administered 400 mcg Cloprostenol, after 2 days were retract PRID and at 32 hours were administered 100 mcg of GnRH. The females were artificially inseminated at 56 hours after the retraction of PRID.

The impact of chosen oils seeds and food oils to supplementation of last fattening pig period on fatty acids structure in pig muscle fat. The fatty acids profile in broilers feed is possible to influence their share in a desired structure, which can balance the n-6: n-3 ratio in food, according to the consumers needs. Flax seed to lactating goats can be used as nutritional supplement to reduce saturated fatty acids and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk. A significant increase in CLA in milk was achieved by supplementation to goats. The experimental groups of pigs was fed in the last month of fattening with a basal diet which incorporated various fats resources (lean seed 100 g/kg, linseed oil-2%, raps press seed 150g/kg (110g fat), raps oil 2%). The indicators (food intake, body weight gain, and the conversion) were established during the experiment, and in the end, the content of essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) in pigs meat were determined. The data was analyzed and statistically interpreted. There are some variations of the determined fatty acids content in muscles as well as in muscles fat in the for experimental groups compared to the control group. The content of SFA was reduced and the content of PUFA and MUFA fatty acids are increased.

Integration of the Romania in the E.U., is imposing a special attention to game populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the game for the 13 species during 2009-2013, on the hunting terrain 65 Giera, from Forest Domain – Lunca Timişului, with a total surface of 11,974 ha. The study shows that form the 13 species monitored, 3 were not identified on this hunting terrain Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), European Pine Marten (Martes martes L.). For the other species identified the population evolution in number demonstrated that there is a god correlation between the number of individuals and its biogenic capacity. We recommend careful monitoring of the natural selection and the efficient use of artificial breeding especially for the European hare (Lepus europaeus P.) specie.

Our research purpose was focused towards highlighting the lead toxicity on some tissues from Carassius gibelio Bloch (Prussian carp – Cyprinidae family) after induction of chronic intoxication with lead nitrate, hydrated with ½ water molecules – Pb(NO3)2x ½H2O. By this exploratory study, we wanted to research the detoxifying potential of the active principles from lyophilized cilantro and spirulina in experimental contamination with lead, to Carassius gibelio, and their effect on lead antagonism to iron and zinc. 120 Prussian carps, weighing 22-25 g each were divided according to the following treatments for 21 days: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO3)2x ½H2O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized cilantro in feed), E3 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized spirulina in feed). At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples (gills, muscles myotome– epaxial, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, kidney) were collected after a starving for 12 hours, and fish euthanasia with clove oil. The analytical determination in order to establish zinc and iron concentrations, using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS – VARIAN) was performed. Cilantro and spirulina powder additionally administered in feed, has immobilized Pb through their active principles, thus decreasing its antagonistic effect expressed to Zn, even if Zn tissue level remained low. Pb antagonistic effect shown to Fe was diminished especially in tissue sampled from individuals receiving spirulina powder in feed.

The goal of our work was to highlight the detoxifying potential of the active principles from lyophilized cilantro and spirulina in experimental contamination with lead, to Carassius gibelio, and their effect on lead antagonism to copper and chromium. 120 Prussian carps, weighing 22-25 g each were divided according to the following treatments for 21 days: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO3)2x ½H2O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized cilantro in feed), E3 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized spirulina in feed). At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples (gills, muscles myotome– epaxial, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, kidney) were collected after a starving for 12 hours, and fish euthanasia with clove oil. Determination of Cu and Cr concentration in biological samples was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer AAS-VARIAN. Pb addition into water in dose of 75 ppm, has resulted in Cu and Cr mobilization from fish tissues. Decreasing of Cu tissue level occurred less intensive in tissues sampled from groups receiving cilantro and spiriulina powder in feed, maximum efficiency in the counteracting the antagonism against Pb showing spirulina on the heart, liver, and kidney. Cr was maintained at relatively low values, although, cilantro powder has induced in some wise the Pb complexing. In contrast, the freeze-dried spirulina brought the tissue level of Cr close to that of the control group or even has determined its more efficient takeover from the feed.

The aim of this study was to determine histomorphometry of the skeletal muscle in rams from the Tigaie breed and mouflon males (Ovis ammon musimon Pal.) knowing that, in addition to a variety of factors, both the fiber thickness and muscle fascicles influence the meat quality. The study was conducted on the deltoid muscle fragments taken from five individuals of the each species. The muscle samples were processed according to the method of embedded in paraffin, sectioned to a thickness of 5 µm and stained with Mallory's trichrome method. From the histomorphometric analysis resulted that in mouflon, the average area of muscle fascicles is larger, as compared with the ram (p

The aim of this paper was to analyze, within a group of 26 males from Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, 13 characters of genetically improved, characters stipulated in, „Selection sheet and body measurements for Romanian shepherds". The animals were registered with the Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania. Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed in Carpathian Mountains. In order to develop a genetic improvement program at this effective of 26 males from Romanian Sheperd Dog breed, found in evidence of Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania, should be considered the following conclusions on variance those 13 characters studied in this paper, respectively, the variability was middle for the width of skull and ear and low for the other 11 characters analyzed. Also, this paper highlighted the following reports of the characters analyzed at the males taken in the study: the ratio between the average of length and width skull was 1.005:1, the ratio between the average of length skull and the average of length muzzle was 1.31:1 and between average of the width of skull and the muzzle was 1.82:1. By Comparing between them length, width and depth of muzzle, resulted a ratio of 1.38:1:1.10.

The ionic liquids have attracted a great of attention in the scientific community due to their potential pharmaceutical such as antimicrobial. In this paper, the main objective was the assessment of the cytotoxic effect of tetrabutylammonium chloride against HCT 8 human colon carcinoma cell line. The cells were cultured in 75 cm2 culture flasks using RPMI medium supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin (100 IU/mL) and streptomycin (100 μg/mL) and maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Before achieving viability test, the cells were harvested using trypsin solution (0.25%). Then, the cells were seeded in 24 – well plates at a density of 5 x 105 cells/mL in 100 µL medium/well in order to reach confluence. After 24 h, the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing different concentrations of ionic liquid, respectively, 0.085, 0.17, 0.34, 0.68 and 1.36 mg /mL. Control group contained cells without treatment. Cell proliferation kinetics have been studied at 24 and 48 h after IL treatment, following trypsinization and counting total cells per plate by using a Trypan blue dye and a hemocytometer. Data obtained from the growth kinetics assay shows that the tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) had an inhibitory effect on the growth of cells in a concentration dependent manner. The maximum inhibitory effect on HCT 8 cells it was obtained at 1.36 mg TBAC/mL.

The aim of this work was to determine slaughter performances and carcass characteristics at European Mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon Lin.). Also, for studied characteristics were determined the differences between European Mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon Lin.) and hybrids (F1) obtained by crossbreeding between European Mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon Pal.) and the Romanian sheep breed Tigaie, raised under identical conditions. First generation hybrids (F1) were obtained by crossbreeding between females of sheep breed Tigaie and males of mouflon (FT x MM). The studied characteristics were slaughter yield on hot and chilled carcass, the participation percentage of the cut parts from live weight and from the whole carcass structure. At the age of 90 days 10 lambs were sacrificed (5 mouflons and 5 hybrids FTxMM). For slaughter performances, superior values were obtained from the hybrid lambs. Thus, slaughter yield calculated had higher at FTxMM (P

Administration of GnRH in the luteal phase of estrous in dairy cows induces an increase of LH levels, with the modification of the growth waves of the ovarian follicles. GnRH induces ovulation or atresia of the dominant follicle and the recruitment of a new wave of follicular growth. The GnRH administration in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle induces growth waves synchronization of ovarian follicles, so that, a new wave of follicles started to grow at 5-6 days after administration. In our experiments, we administered 2ml Ovarelin (100 mcg GnRH), to three groups of cows (116 cows): in early luteal phase of the estrous cycle (days 4-5), in the middle of luteal phase (days 9-12), and late luteal phase (days 15-16). The rates of cows standing heat were 91.66% when GnRH was administered in early luteal phase, 95.22% when was administrated in the middle of luteal phase, and 73.68% in late luteal phase GnRH administration. After artificial insemination, the conception rates were 48.48% in early luteal phase, 52.5% at middle luteal phase and 46.42% in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle.

The aim of this paper was to analyze, within a group of 21 females from Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, 13 characters of genetically improved, characters stipulated in „Selection sheet and body measurements for Romanian shepherds". The animals were registered with the Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania. Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed in Carpathian Mountains. Following the analysis for the mean value and dispersion indices for those 13 body measurement was realized a better knowledge of the genetic structure of the population for these characters and was created the possibility of estimating sexual dimorphism. Also, this paper highlighted the following reports of the characters analyzed at the males taken in the study: the ratio between the average of length and width skull was 1.00:1.02 the ratio between the average of length skull and the average of length muzzle was 1.36:1.00 and between average of the width of skull and the muzzle was 1.75:1.00. By Comparing between them length, width and depth of muzzle, resulted a ratio of 1.25:1.00:1.14. Also, this paper highlights the fact that the variability was medium for head length, skull length and skull width.

The purpose of the paper is to increase the conception rates after termination of the voluntary waiting period in dairy cows by administering synthetic analogs of PgF2α. The first dose of PGF2α (Proliz: 500 mcg of Cloprostenol) was given on day 46 on calving. Females who did not show heat after first administration were given a dose of 500 mcg of Cloprostenol after 14 days (60 days after calving). In the 46-65 days from culling, out of 26 cows in the experimental group, 24 cows (92.3%) showed heat and of the 18 cows in the control group, 12 cows showed heat (66.66 %). Within the 46-65 days from calving, out of the 24 cows in the experimental group did not return to heat 15 cows (conceptual rate of 62.5%); of the 12 cows in the control group, 6 cows did not return to heat (50.0% conception rate).

The aim of this work was to investigate the calcium and magnesium tissue distribution in selected organs of Prussian carp specimens before and after experimental lead intoxication, with and without cilantro and spirulina powder addition in fish diet. The study involved 120 individuals with similar biometric measurements, caught from a local fish farm and equally divided in four experimental groups, as follows: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO3)2 x ½H2O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized cilantro in feed), E3 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized spirulina in feed). Tissue samples (gills, muscle myotomers–epaxial, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, kidney) were collected at the end of a 21 days experimental period. Atomic absorption measurements of the analytes were carried out with a AAS-VARIAN model. Data analyses were performed using a SPPS IBM 22 software package. Significance of differences in the means content of calcium and magnesium in fish tissues were statistically analysed by ANOVA completed with post-hoc Tukey’s test. The calcium and magnesium tissue concentrations were significantly reduced by sublethal lead-induced poisoning (p

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds are used in animal and human nutrition because of its therapeutic properties. More often the seeds are used as powder, oils or extracts, as food or medicine ingredients. Fenugreek leaves contains carbohydrates, proteins and minerals – especial calcium, being low in lipids; while the seeds are rich in proteins, dietary fibres and gums, vitamins and minerals – especially iron. Traditional medicine demonstrated fenugreek efficiency in medical prevention and some diseases treatments, the oils or extracts having antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulatory and antitumor activity. Also, fenugreek has very good action on lymphatic system, favouring the circulation of nutrients into the cells and removing the toxic or residual components from the cells. Due to some hormone precursors, fenugreek seeds are used successfully for increasing milk secretion and excretion, both in humans and animals. The seeds are used in fish, domestic rabbits and ruminants’ diet, and could be an alternative component of feed for different farm animals due to digestion benefice and texture of feed. Leaves and seeds are used in production of extruded products, or as feed stabilizer, emulsifying and adhesive agent, flavouring (artificial maple syrup, condiment), colouring (yellow), texture (due to fibres, galactomannans and gums) and other organoleptic properties of feed.

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed in Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this paper was to estimate variance at 12 body measurements using 23 females from Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed. The animals were registered with the Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania. In order to develop a genetic improvement program at this effective of 23 females from Romanian Sheperd Dog breed, found in evidence of Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania, should be considered the following conclusions on variance those 12 characters studied in this paper, respectively, there is a large variance for the height at the middle back, the height at the croup, the height at the base of the tail, the width of the croup, the length of the tail, the depth of the thorax, the thorax perimeter, the height of the elbow and for the height at the withers, the body length and the height at the hocks, the variance is middle.

In biotechnologies, genetics is an important issue in preserving the animal and plant species, and also in medical diagnostic. Epigenetic is one branch of genetics that studies the variation of phenotypic traits which can be the consequences of different factors, especially the environmental factors. And, because of the epigenetic is dealing with the gens, which are biochemically defined by proteins' metabolism, we can say that there is a special inter-relation between epigenetic and metabolism. Changes in the metabolism of some biochemical compounds can be transferred to gene expression – which can be also altered. The latest experimental studies published in different scientific journals proved that epigenetic is closely related to the phenotypic traits and to the environment.

The season of performing treatments can affect the results obtained after treatment of induction and synchronization of estrus in dairy cows. Synchronization treatments were performed with PRID-Intervet, which contains 1.55 grams of progesterone. The devices were inserted in to the vagina and withdrawn after 12 days, in the next five days they found that females were in heat and A. I. The treatments were conducted in the spring season (April-May), summer (July-August) and autumn (September-October). In spring season the females in heat rate was 70.83%, in summer it was 68.18% and in autumn the rate was 100.0%. Pregnancy rate was 82.35% in spring season, 26.66% in summer and 92.3% in autumn. The best results were obtained in autumn, although the worst in the summer season.

The observed size of an animal population, as opposed to the genetic size, is given by the number of individuals in all categories as well as by the total number of males and females participating in the production of the descendant generation. The integration of Romania into the European Union requires special attention to the hunting populations. The purpose of the present paper was to study the evolution of the observed sizes of the hunting population for 13 species of animals in the period 2015-2019, on 17 hunting areas Nades, from Timis County with a total area of 9.325 ha. The present study highlighted that on this hunting area, Cervidae family – which includes ruminants with deciduous horns, is represented by 3 species, namely Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L). Also, it is concluded that it is permanently effective of European swan (Lepus europaeus P.), it is more important to choose the significant growth on this hunting area with 100% a Jackal (Canis aureus L.), at the beginning of 2018, compared to the year 2017. For the other identified species, the population of evolutionary numbers showed that there is a good correlation between the number of individuals and their biogenic capacity. The present study recommends the revival of the existing population on this hunting ground, through “blood refreshing” actions.

Bioactive compounds from natural sources can act as oxygen free radical scavengers or metal chelators, which enables them to be used as natural antagonists to heavy metals toxicity. So the present study was carried out to compare histologically the aspect of intestine tissue of Prussian carp specimens, subjected to chronic Cd intoxication with and without garlic, cilantro and chlorella dietary supplementation.150 Prussian carps, with weight of 10-12 g were divided according to the following treatments for 21 days: C (without treatment), E1 (10 ppm Cd into water), E2 (10 ppm Cd into water+2% lyophilized garlic in feed), E3 (10 ppm Cd into water+2% lyophilized cilantro in feed), E4 (10 ppm Cd into water+2% lyophilized chlorella in feed). Cadmium toxicity and the potential protective effect of the three lyophilized products against the impact of cadmium toxicity were histopathologically assessed. For this purpose, fragments of intestine were removed and routinely processed at the end of experimental period and analyzed in light microscopy. A specific QuickPHOTO Micro 2.2 software has been used for the histological study. Tissue alterations were assessed using the histopathological score ranging from – to +++ depending on the degree and extend of lesions: (-) none, (+) mild occurrence, (++) moderate occurrence, (+++) severe occurrence. Our research findings show that Cd induces a significant increase in histopathological changes like vascular network hypertrophies and reach infiltrating leukocyte cells. In the same time, chlorella powder added to the fish diet, expressed the most effectiveness on the intestinal recovery of the cadmium-intoxicated fish followed by while cilantro and garlic powder.

The aim of this work was to determine differences between slaughter performances and carcass characteristics of first generation hybrids (F1) obtained by crossbreeding between European Mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon Pal.) and the Romanian sheep breed Tigaie. To assess the yield at slaughter and the participation percentage of the cut parts from the whole carcass structure, crossbreeding were made between females of sheep breed Tigaie and males of mouflon (FT x MM) and between mouflon females and males of sheep breed Tigaie (FMxMT). At the age of 60 days 14 lambs were sacrificed (7 hybrids FTxMM and 7 hybrids FMxMT). Slaughter yield calculated on hot and chilled carcasses had higher values at FMxMT (P

There are two different neurons that control the energetic homeostasis in animals: appetite-stimulating and appetite-suppressing neurons. Leptin is a peptide hormone (also known as “satiety hormone”), released by adipose cells, being an anorexigenic compound which inhibit the hunger. Leptin function in animal organism is opposite by the action of ghrelin – a peptide hormone acting as an orexigenic compound that activate the hunger sensation. The quantity of leptin produced in organism is correlated by the size and the number of adipocytes, and of course by the lipid tissue mass. The action of leptin is in accordance with the neuropeptide Y that signaling the brain to increase the appetite and make the animal to eat. When the animals lose weight, the mass of adipose tissue is diminished, that has as consequence a decrease the leptin concentration in the blood. Blood leptin is correlated also with other characteristics, such as: fasting for a short term, stress, physical activity, sleep duration (prehibernation and hibernation), insulin concentration, obesity and diabetes.

The aim of this study was to establish production performances upon slaughter in the hybrids obtained by crossbreeding of mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon Pal.) and domestic sheep. The morphological and histomorphometric study was carried out on fragments of deltoid muscles (Musculus deltoideus) sampled from seven MM x FT hybrids and seven MT x FM hybrids, respectively. Muscle fragments were fixed in 10% formalin solution and histological preparations were stained through Mallory trichromic method. Histomorphometric analysis reveals that MM x FT hybrids have thicker muscular fibbers and smaller amounts of inter-fibrillar connective tissue than MT x FM hybrids (p0.05). Results of our study show that using mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon Pal.) and local Tigaie sheep in the development of new genotypes could be a good solution for both the conservation of these threatened species and for production of high quality mutton.

The aim of this study was ultrastructural study of mitochondria in epithelial secretory cells in mammary glands of rabbits during lactation and regression stages. Our results using conventional transmission electron microscopy has shown that the mitochondria are relatively changed during the various mammary gland development stages.We found that the average relative volume of mitochondria achieves 12.530±3.127% of cytoplasm volume in the stage of lactation. During regression mitochondrial relative volume decreased to 3.583±1.626% of the cytoplasm. This difference compared to lactation is statistically significant (p

Integration of the Romania in the E.U. requires a special attention for to the game populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the game for the 6 species during 2010-2015, on the hunting terrain 29 Surduc, from Forest Domain – Faget, with a total area of 15,500 ha. The study shows that from the 6 species monitored, one was not identified on this hunting terrain, Fallow Deer (Dama dama L). For the other species identified numerical evolution of the population demonstrated that there is a good correlation between the number of individuals and their biogenic capacity. We recommend carefully monitoring of the natural selection and the efficient use of artificial breeding especially for the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) specie.

At dairy cows, the increase in milk production is associated with the decrease of heat manifestation and conception rates. GnRH is mostly used for treatment of different problems of the reproductive function and for improving the pregnancy rates in cows. The aim of our paper was to contribute to increase of conception rates, at cows with ovarian activity, at first AI after calving. The experiments were conducted on 58 cows, from Romanian Black Spotted breed (Frezian) and 53 cows from Romanian Spotted breed (Simmental). The animals were divided into lots as follows: for Romanian Black Spotted breed 33 of the cows in were in experimental lot and 25 were in control lot, for Romanian Spotted breed 29 ere in experimental lot and 24 were in control lot. The females form experimental lots were treated with 100 mcg (2ml) Ovarelin (GnRH), at the first AI, after VWP. At the cows form Romanian Black Spotted, from the 33 females in experimental lot, 12 did not return into heat after insemination, which represents a conception rate of 36.4%. At the cows form Romanian Spotted, form the 29 cows in experimental lot 8 did not return into heat after insemination, representing a conception rate of 44.8%. Administration of 100 mcg GnRH (2 ml Ovarelin) at the time of AI determines a significant increase of the conception rate with 8.4-11.5%, compared with control lot. It appears that the cows from Romanian Spotted reacts better at GnRH treatment (44.8% conception rate), compared with Romanian Black Spotted (36.4 % conception rate).

Integration of the Romania in the European Union is imposing a special attention to hunting populations. The aim of the present paper was to study the quantitative evolution of the hunting population for 13 animal species during 2014-2018, on 20 Bara hunting area, from Timis County, heaving a total area of 10.889 ha. The study shows that form the 13 monitored animal species, 3 were not identified on this hunting area: Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), Wildcat (Felis silvestris L), and Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica L.). The study has highlighted the emergence of an immigrant species, Jackal (Caniş aureus L.), with a constant population of 5 individuals at the beginning of the study period - 2014, which caused a decrease in the number of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes L) herds, with a relative value of 57.7%, the two species being competing. For the other species identified, the population of evolution number demonstrated that there is a good correlation between the number of individuals and its biogenic capacity.

Puerperal period is the most critical period from the productive life of females, at the borderline between physiologic and pathologic. In this stage some reproductive turbulence may appear (uterine subinvolution, uterine infections, ovary inactivity, etc.), which may lead to the increase of the interval between calving and first estrus manifestation. The aim of our paper was to reduce the interval between calving and the firs estrus, also the reduction of the incidence of some impediments of the reproductive function in cows, after calving. For this purpose 500 mcg Cloprostenol were administered at different intervals from calving (12, 24, hours and 7 days). At experimental lots, the interval from calving to first estrus was, on average, 37.57 days, and at control lot it was 45.2 days. Regarding to the impairing of the reproductive function, uterine subinvolution, evaluated at 14 days from calving, it was 26.78% at experimental lots and 33.33% at control lot, and uterine infections were, on average, 14.8% at experimental lots and 16.2% at control lot. In conclusion, administration of synthetic analogues of PgF2, in the first week after calving, has a negative influence on puerperal period and interval from calving to first estrus manifestation.

The aim of this study was to find the distribution of nickel chloride (II) in selected rat organs after an experimental administration. Forty Wistar male rats were divided into three experimental and one control groups (10 rats each). Animals in group A were intraperitoneally dosed with NiCl2 at a single dose of 25 mg/kg b.w., in group B with 35 mg/kg b.w., and killed 48 hours after nickel (Ni) administration. Rats in group P were dosed orally with Ni (100 mg/l) in drinking water for 90 days. Ten males served as the control group (C) without Ni administration. Distribution of Ni was evaluated in kidneys, muscle (m. quadriceps femoris), liver and testis by electro thermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The significant increase in Ni concentration was found in the kidney in group A (p