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The paper presents the behaviour of some wheat varieties under the years 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2023 conditions in Dobrogea area in demonstrative plots carried out at S.C. SPORT AGRA S.R.L. Amzacea, Constanta County. The main aspects emphasized in this research area have been: climatic conditions, obtained yield, and economical efficiency. Looking to the pathogens, for wheat Septoria tritici showed an AR between 17-27% and Pyrenophora graminea showed a low atack (AR = 4.5-17.5%). The pathogen Puccinia striiformis was present in low precentage (AR = 0-13.5%) in the 2018 April observations. For crop protection against pathogens, 2 foliar tratments with fungicides were applied, Artea 330 EC(ciproconazol 80 g/l + propiconazol 250 g/l) 0,4 l/ha, in March and Priaxor EC (fluxapiroxad 150 g/l + piraclostrobin 75 g/l) 1l/ha and in April respectively. Fungal treatments have stopped the development of foliar and ear diseases. The beneficial effects were found in the good yields obtained in 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019, except the years 2020 and 2023. In 2020 Otilia reached 2,370 kg/ha, Miranda 2,260 kg/ha and Solindo variety 4,297 kg/ha and Ursita 4,165 kg/ha in 2023. All these special yields have been obtained under non-irrigated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the status of Sorghum cultivated area, production and yield at the EU-28 level and in each producing country in the period 2008-2019, and then the forecast for these indicators was estimated for the horizon 2020-2024. Fixed index, trend line, descriptive statistics and regression modeling were used to process the data. The cultivated surface with sorghum in the EU reached 197 thousand ha in 2019, being almost double than on 2008. The cultivated area with Sorghum increased in all sorghum producing countries: France, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria and Greece, except Spain and Slovakia were it remained constant. The largest cropped areas are in France, Italy and Romania, accounting for 76%. Sorghum output doubled its figure and in 2019 reached 1,019 thousand tons. About 91% of production being achieved by France (431), Italy (312), Hungary (117) and Romania (68). The EU yield was 5,179 kg/ha, but higher yields were recorded by Austria, Italy and France. In 2024, it is estimated that the EU will produce 1,045 thousand tons sorghum. Production will increase in Italy, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania and Greece, will decline in France and Hungary and will remain constant in Spain and Slovakia. The EU will continue to pay attention to this crop as a response to climate change. The main purposes of sorghum being animal feed, biomass for bio-fuels, raw material in food industry, component in crop rotation, maintenance of biodiversity and environment preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benincasa hispida (winter melon, wax gourd or ash gourd) is a common vegetable widely grown in East and South Asia, with a very large fruit which by maturity loses its hairs and develops a waxy coating. The fruit is used in traditional medicine due to its proprieties: anti-inflammatory, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative and tonic, etc. The present paper presents the results of a field research regarding the cultivation of this plant in the pedoclimatic conditions of Romania. The research was carried out in an ecological experimental field from south of Romania (in the period May-October 2012) and is very important for the introduction to culture of this plant in our country. The results obtained and presented in this paper reveal the degree of adaptation to climate and soil and the physicochemical proprieties. Due to our results we consider that B. hispida is a plant that can be grown in our country with good technological and economical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As regards to organic farming, organic farms have a lot of shortcomings in ensuring smooth organization of production due to climatic factors or crop sensitivity and action of pests and diseases, but especially to the high cost of inputs, reduced subsidies and difficulties in obtaining fair prices on the market. Understanding how the organizational structure of the business can compete to ensure efficiency at farm level is an important means to resolve these deficiencies. In this context, this paper aims to identify the characteristics of the organization of organic crop farms starting from an interview-based analysis of two large crop specialised farms in Tulcea and Calaraşi Counties. The information obtained through this method of investigation has been translated into a SWOT analysis and represented the basis for comparison with information gathered from other interviews from two organic farms in Scotland. The main conclusions we reached highlight two types of organization systems, one without integration and another with supply chain integration, very similar to the Scottish ones, but also showing a very obvious difference in the mentality of the farm owners; Romanians focusing on meeting the conditions for certification and maintenance of crops in organic, and the Scots at finding new markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic sector in our country, although as shown in continuous development, faces a multitude of problems: the climatic conditions of our country, characterized by periods of drought in many parts of the country, high input prices, the majority of which are imported; difficulties in identifying markets for products, reduced subsidies, standardized conditions difficult to meet, etc. The problems the sector is facing reflect in the organization of the production activity and hence the economic performance of farm production. Accordingly, the aim of this paper was to analyze on the basis of annual financial and accounting information collected in the two vegetable farms and the two animal breeding farms, their efficiency / inefficiency, and the results were compared to identify the causes of the differences obtained in the efficiency at a farm level. The results obtained reveal a higher level of return on integrated vegetable farm in a joint recovery and a high efficiency for chain int [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crops are vulnerable to variations in the annual climate, therefore, reducing losses and increasing the agricultural production are necessary, both economically and socially. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the thermic and hydric resources and to indentify the agro-climatic parameters and critical thresholds on the intervals of period September 2006 - August 2007, with direct consequences for the winter wheat crops in the Caracal Plain. In the first decade of the 21st century, the crop year 2006-2007, was characterized, in general, by a higher air temperature than normal, with soil humidity deficit, which determined the depreciation of the vegetation state of the winter wheat crop and consequently, a low production per hectare. By knowing the climatic conditions, for a period of time, it provides the ability of implementing effective measures in order to prevent and combat effects on agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looked at socio-economic factors that affect how farmers of arable crops adapt to climate variability. Using a multistage sample strategy, a structured interview was conducted to gather information from 150 farmers in rural communities across the local governments in the study area. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation, were utilized to analyse the study's data. The research showed that farmers’ socio-economic characteristics influence adaptation strategies. Household size (χ2=179.3), and farm size (χ2=136.4) positively influence adaptation strategies to be adopted by farmers at p<0.05. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between farmers' perceptions of climate variability and adaptation strategies (r=0.591, p<0.05). According to the study's findings, farmers' perceptions of climate unpredictability and socio-economic characteristics have a significant impact on their adaptation strategies. The study recommended that climate variability awareness and sensitization should be put in place at the Local, State, and Federal government level to have a community whereby the farmers are adeptly aware of the causes and effects of climate variability in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to the industry, in the agricultural production process, specific factors intervene, which determine peculiarities in the use of labor, means of production and work items. The specific factors acting in the agricultural production process: land, plants, animals, soil and climate conditions, give special features regarding the development strategy, but also regarding the production processes with the two sides: technological and economical, causing certain features with effects on the methodology of economic analysis. These features of farm profitability analysis were briefly presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data records of crop productivity shows wide fluctuations from one year to another, these being influenced significantly by the conditions climate variability. In general, climate variability affects all sectors of the economy, but, in particular, the agricultural sector it is the most exposed. This study aims an statistical analyze the effects induced by climatological factors on the main agricultural crops, quantified in agroclimatic risks at local and regional levels, for the period 1990-2000, in Ialomita county. Thus, we used statistical data relating to the two groups of variables: 1) agricultural productions (for the main crops - wheat and rye, corn, sunflower, sugar beet, potatoes, vegetables) and 2) climatology data (for the main climatological factors - average temperatures, rainfall, the sunshine duration and the nebulosity) and we analysed the possible correlations for those major variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For soil production capacity appreciation of agricultural fields from Pesac, Timiş County we selected from the entire weather conditions a number of 17 more significant indicators that can be precisely determined. Relying on these indicators and on the scales we extracted from tables, annexes 3 - 1 to 3 - 18, (in conformity with the elaboration methodology of soil studies, second part) hierarchy coefficients that express de favorability degree of an indicator for every crop and usage category of agricultural field. Agricultural production, especially the plant directly influenced by environmental factors and conditions, which are in constant stability, and different degrees of relation to human intent and decision to change it, is a decisive factor in the economic development of society. Naturally, every manifestation of climate characteristics is determined by the geographical location of the place looked, especially in terms of latitude. These two factors determine, along with the exhibition, the ratio of land area to sun and heat reception mode by default, and to a large extent and manifestation rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate, topography and soil are natural conditions of basic agricultural yields. In general, Moldova has favorable climatic conditions and relief. Soils in the North have a high degree of fertility, while the central and southern regions are of average fertility. At the same time natural calamities such as droughts, late spring frosts, hail and floods have a destructive impact on crops. Climate instability is one of the main causes of unstable yields and is an inherent risk for agriculture of the country. More than that, most of the plots lose their natural fertility and require rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]