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The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture of Troyan, with the aim of determining the correlation and regression dependences between some basic chemical indicators and the energy nutritional value of perennial ryegrass and legume fodder crop grown in monoculture and mixed grasslands. Data analysis shows that the amount of crude protein has a statistically significant impact on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (r = 0.82) and the number of feed units (r = 0.88 - for FUM and r = 0.87 - for FUG). The yield of fresh matter was positively correlated with the dry matter yield (r = 0.83), the amount of NDF (r = 0.74) and hemicellulose (r = 0.80). The high correlation and dependence between fiber components of perennial grasses and legume fodder crops gives a clear assessment for forage quality. The coefficients of determination between structural fiber components and crude fiber concentration ranged from R² = 0.5176 to R² = 0.9186, with very well-proven statistical significance of the equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the botanical composition and quality of fodder from perennial forage grasses (Festuca rubra L., Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata L., Phleum pretense L.) grown in monoculture and in two-component mixtures with Trifolium pratense L. (50:50%) under mountain conditions. It was established that the studied grass species showed good adaptability and resistance to the specific soil and climate conditions of the experimental area. The relative share of grass species in monoculture meadows varied between 92.3% and 98.8%. The highest CP content in dry matter was recorded in Dactylis glomerata L. (101.4 g kg-1) and Phleum pratense L. (97.9 g kg-1). CP values exceeded the average by 6.1% and 2.4%, respectively. For the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountains, the mixtures of Festuca rubra L. and Phleum pretense L. with Trifolium pratense L. had the most balanced botanical composition (the ratio of grasses and legumes in the forage mass was 39.7:44.8% and 37.8:41.2%) and with the highest CP content. The indicator exceeded the average value by 37.8%, respectively 36.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment is to determine the staged annual mowing of a population of Pteridium acuilinum (harmful species), in a natural grass stand of Chrysopogon gryllus type. The results of the conducted research show a progressive reduction of the harmful species from the first to the last experimental years, ranging from 72.0-78.0 pcs. of plants/m2 (2014) up to 14.2-15.9 pcs. of plants/m2 (2019). A positive trend was established regarding the recovery of grass cover and an increase in the number of useful fodder species such as: Festuca arundinaceae Scherb, Agrostis alba L., Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium hybridum L. and Chrysopogon gryllus L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data from the analysis indicate that T. pratense in a pure crop shows the highest resistance and adaptability in foot-hill conditions, and in mixed with L. perenne maintains the highest presence. Grass stands of T. repens had the highest CP content (210.9 g kg-1). The excess was by 9.6% (compared to L. corniculatus), 16.6% (compared to T. pratense) and 32.1% (compared to the average value). It is the crop with the lowest content of CFr (a decrease of 27.2% compared to the average value). The highest protein content was found in the biomass of L. perenne with T. pratense (151.5 g kg-1), followed by the mixture with L. corniculatus (144.8 g kg-1) and T. repens (129.7 g kg-1). Grass stands of L. corniculatus and its mixtures with L. perenne had the highest content of DM. T. repens (63.7 g kg-1) and the mixture of L. perenne with T. pratense (63.4 g kg-1) had the highest ash content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was found that the dry mass of grasslands with organic fertilizing was by 2.0% higher in vitro digestibility of dry matter, higher content of CP (by 0.1%), CFr (by 1.7%) and N (by 0.1%), and a lower concentration of cellulose (by 0.3%) compared with of the mineral fertilizing variants, which led to a more in the concentration of NFE (by 1.2%), NDF (by 2.9%), hemicellulose (by 2.8%), Ca (by 0.3%) and P (0.2%). The energy nutritional value of fodder with of the mineral fertilizing of exceeded that of control with 0.4-2.8% and at Grganic fertilizing with 0.5-0.8%. A high correlation was found between the nitrogen content and CP (r = 1.0) of the grasslands with mineral fertilizing. The theoretical regression line and the equation of the regression dependence between the values of the indicators show y = 7.2224x -0.4841 at a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9988). For the variants with manure, the concentration of CP registered proven correlation (r = 1.0) and regression dependence with the nitrogen content: y = 6.9861x - 0.0815 at R² = 0.9999 (P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the amount of crude protein yield and the yield of feed units in the fodder biomass of six variants of two-component legume-grass mixtures (Lotus corniculatus- Festuca rubra; Trifolium repens - Lolium perenne; Trifolium repens - Poa pratensis; Trifolium pretense - Phleum pretense; Medicago sativa - Dactylis glomerata; Trifolium pretense - Festuca pratensis) that would provide high-quality fodder in the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountain. The highest crude protein yield is for the mixtures Tr. pratense L. + F. pratensis L. and Tr. repens L. + P. pratensis L. The legume crop predominated in the regrowths of both variants during the entire experimental period from 7.4% to 48.4%, respectively, and the ratio of legume:grass in the mixed grass stands was 47.7:40.3% (Tr. pratense L. - F. pratensis L.) and 62.3:13.9% (Tr. repens L.- P. pratensis L.). A proven difference in crude protein yield was found between Tr. repens L. - P. pratensis L. and M. sativa L. - D. glomerata L. mixtures. The highest yield of feed units for milk and growth was found in the forage mixture of Tr. pratense L. with Ph. pratense L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted in the region of the Central Balkan Mountain (Bulgaria) in the period 2013-2015. Humate fertilizers were the objective for the present research was humate fertilizers (Phosphorus humate, Boron humate and Molybdenum humate) applied individually and in combination (at the stage of active vegetation of grass species) on the natural grass stand of Chrysopogon gryllus type. Grass stands treated with Molybdenum humate alone (160 ml/da) formed the highest yield of fresh (570.0 kg/da) and dry (195.6 kg/da) mass, which was proven (P <0.01). While the variants with foliar treatment by a combination of biofertilizers, such as Phosphorus humate (250 ml/da) + Boron humate (100 ml/da) + Molybdenum humate (100 ml/da), registered the lowest values (470.0 kg/da of fresh mass and 155.7 kg/da of dry mass). The percentage and species share of the main biological groups (grasses, legumes, motley grasses) in the natural grass stand changed in a positive way from the first to the third experimental year. The share of both main species Chrysopogon gryllus (characterizing the grass community) and motley grasses decreased, while there was an increase of Agrostis capillaris and legume meadow grasses (Trifolium campestre and Lotus corniculatus) in the above ground mass. The above data presupposes the formation of biomass with better qualitative and quantitative indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted in the region of Central Balkan Mountain, on natural grassland of Chrysopogon gryllus type and covered a five-year study period. The grasslands in the studied variants were a pasture harvesting (PH1 - 31.05.- 09.06.; PH2 - 10.06.-19.06. and PH3 - 20.06.-29.06.) and as hay-making harvesting (HH1 - 30.06.-09.07; HH2 - 10.07.- 19.07. and HH3 - 20.07.-31.07.) in three periods. The grasslands harvested at pasture maturity stage in the third decade of June had the highest yield of fresh (833.3 kg/da) and dry (280.6 kg/da) mass. The values of the traits in the studied variants significantly exceeded (P <0.001) the control by 55.5% and 64.8%, respectively. At hay-making mode of use with the highest productivity of fresh (988.2 kg/da) and dry (130.5 kg/da) mass, the grasslands were harvested in the second decade of July. The amount of formed biomass exceeded (P <0.001) the control by 39.6% and 30.5%, respectively. The long-term pasture and hay-making harvest led to the elimination of Chrysopogon gryllus from the botanical composition in the observed grasslands, and Agrostis capillaris established itself as an edificator with a dominant impact in the formed aboveground mass. The studied modes of use favored an increase in the share of leguminous meadow grasses (Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Medicago falcata, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa) which presumed better quality and higher nutritional value of pasture and hay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]