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Abstract There is no national representative estimate on pre-marital sex and its association with peer pressure and watching pornography among young individuals in Ethiopia. So, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of pre-marital sex and its association with peer pressure and watching pornography among young individuals in Ethiopia. A comprehensive search of international databases including CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, HINARI, and Global Health was carried out to estimate the pooled prevalence of pre-marital sex and its association with peer pressure and watching pornography among young individuals in Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using STATA/SE version-14. The random-effect model was used to estimate the effect size and I-squared statistics and Egger's test were used to assess the heterogeneity publication bias respectively. A total of thirty-two studies with 18,354 study subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of premarital sex among young in Ethiopia was 33.59% [95% CI (29.09, 38.09)]. There was significant heterogeneity among the included articles (I2 = 97.9, p = 0.000). Young individuals who experienced peer pressure were three times more likely to practice premarital sex compared to their counterparts [OR = 2.90, 95%, CI (1.01, 8.31)]. As the crude analysis result indicated, there was a significant association between watching pornography (sex movies) and premarital sexual practice [OR = 3.41, 95% CI (1.99, 5.84)]. However, after doing trim-and-fill analysis, the publication-bias adjusted OR indicates the absence of significant association between watching pornography and premarital sex [OR = 1.23, 95% CI (0.69, 1.76)]. The proportion of premarital sex among young individuals in Ethiopia remains high. Peer pressure had a statistically significant association with premarital sexual practice. However, the publication-bias adjusted OR indicates the absence of a significant association between watching pornography and premarital sex. Peer counseling services, sex education, and behavioral change communications should be strengthened to address factors associated with pre-marital sexual practices.

Abstract Although extensive efforts were made to improve maternal and child health, the magnitude of home child-birth is considerably high in Ethiopia. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate the effect of lack of ANC visit and unwanted pregnancy on home child-birth among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. International databases, including Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, Global Health, HINARI, and CINAHL were searched systematically to identify studies reporting the prevalence of home child-birth and its association with lack of ANC visit and unwanted pregnancy among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. STATA/SE version-14 was used to analyze the data and Der Simonian and Liard's method of random effect model was used to estimate the pooled effects. The heterogeneity between study and publication bias was assessed by using I-squared statistics and Egger's test respectively. A total of 19 studies with 25,228 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of home child-birth among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia was 55.3%. Sever heterogeneity was exhibited among the included studies (I2 = 99.8, p = 0.000). The odds of home child-birth among mothers who have no ANC visit was 3.64 times higher compared to their counterparts [OR = 3.64, 95%, CI: (1.45, 9.13)]. There was significant heterogeneity among the included studies (I2 = 94%, p = 0.000). However, there was no statistical evidence of publication bias in the pooled effect of lack of ANC visit on home child-birth (P = 0.302). Women who experienced unwanted pregnancy were 3.02 times higher to give birth at home compared to women with a wanted pregnancy [OR = 3.02, 95%CI: (1.19, 7.67)]. Severe heterogeneity was exhibited (I2 = 93.1%, p = 0.000) but, there was no evidence of significant publication bias in the pooled effect of unwanted pregnancy on home child-birth (P = 0.832). The proportion of home child-birth among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia remains high. Lack of ANC visit and unwanted pregnancy had a significant effect on the practice of home child-birth. Strengthening behavioral change communication programs should be the primary focus area to improve institutional delivery service utilization among women with lack of ANC visit and unwanted pregnancy.

Abstract In the situation of high maternal morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, less than 80% of pregnant women receive antenatal care services. To date, the overall effect of antenatal care (ANC) follow up on essential newborn practice have not been estimated in East Africa. Therefore, this study aims to identify the effect of ANC follow up on essential newborn care practice in East Africa. We reported this review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched articles using PubMed, Cochrane library, African journal online (AJOL), and HINARI electronic databases as well as Google/Google scholar search engines. Heterogeneity and publication bias between studies were assessed using I2 test statistics and Egger’s significance test. Forest plots were used to present the findings. In this review, 27 studies containing 34,440 study participants were included. The pooled estimate of essential newborn care practice was 38% (95% CI 30.10–45.89) in the study area. Women who had one or more antenatal care follow up were about 3.71 times more likely practiced essential newborn care compared to women who had no ANC follow up [OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.35, 5.88]. Similarly, women who had four or more ANC follow up were 2.11 times more likely practiced essential newborn care compared to women who had less than four ANC follow up (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.33, 3.35). Our study showed that the practice of ENBC was low in East Africa. Accordingly, those women who had more antenatal follow up were more likely practiced Essential newborn care. Thus, to improve the practice of essential newborn care more emphasis should be given on increasing antenatal care follow up of pregnant women in East Africa.