30 results on '"Bruno, R."'
Search Results
2. Numerical analysis of stresses on angular contact ball bearing under the static loading with respect to race thickness and housing stiffness
- Author
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Bruno R. Mose, Dong-Kil Shin, and Jeong-Hwan Nam
- Subjects
Contact stress ,Angular contact ball bearing ,Finite element analysis ,Bearing failure ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract A 3-dimensional model of the angular contact ball bearing (ACBB) was modeled using Abaqus/standard (Dassault systems- version 2017) to investigate the influence of race thickness on the bearing performance. It was found that the ability to support higher contact stress increased with race thickness. However, large deformations were found to occur on outer race with thickness of 3.3 mm and only small deformations were observed on outer race with a thickness of 9.9 mm. The large deformations induce higher shear stresses on thin races than on thick races. These stresses cause spall growth in bearings and propagate into a network of cracks. As a result of these findings, thin races are prone to failure compared with thick races.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Cortical folding correlates to aging and Alzheimer’s Disease’s cognitive and CSF biomarkers
- Author
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Fernanda Hansen P. de Moraes, Felipe Sudo, Marina Carneiro Monteiro, Bruno R. P. de Melo, Paulo Mattos, Bruno Mota, and Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This manuscript presents the quantification and correlation of three aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease evolution, including structural, biochemical, and cognitive assessments. We aimed to test a novel structural biomarker for neurodegeneration based on a cortical folding model for mammals. Our central hypothesis is that the cortical folding variable, representative of axonal tension in white matter, is an optimal discriminator of pathological aging and correlates with altered loadings in Cerebrospinal Fluid samples and a decline in cognition and memory. We extracted morphological features from T1w 3T MRI acquisitions using FreeSurfer from 77 Healthy Controls (age = 66 ± 8.4, 69% females), 31 Mild Cognitive Impairment (age = 72 ± 4.8, 61% females), and 13 Alzheimer’s Disease patients (age = 77 ± 6.1, 62% females) of recruited volunteers in Brazil to test its discriminative power using optimal cut-point analysis. Cortical folding distinguishes the groups with reasonable accuracy (Healthy Control-Alzheimer’s Disease, accuracy = 0.82; Healthy Control-Mild Cognitive Impairment, accuracy = 0.56). Moreover, Cerebrospinal Fluid biomarkers (total Tau, A $$\beta $$ β 1-40, A $$\beta $$ β 1-42, and Lipoxin) and cognitive scores (Cognitive Index, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, Digit Span Backward) were correlated with the global neurodegeneration in MRI aiming to describe health, disease, and the transition between the two states using morphology.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method
- Author
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Bruno R. Mose, Dong-Kil Shin, Bernard O. Alunda, and Jeong Hwan Nam
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Stress freezing is an important and powerful procedure in 3-dimensional experimental stress analysis using photoelasticity. The application of the stress freezing technique to extract stress components from loaded engineering structures has, however, declined over the years even though its principles are well established. This is attributed to huge costs arising from energy consumption during the process. In addition, significant time is needed to generate the desired information from isoclinic and isochromatic fringes. To overcome the limitations of stress freezing in photoelasticity and transform it into an economical device for stress analysis in an engineering environment, a new stress freezing cycle that lasts 5 h is proposed. The proposed technique is used in several applications of elastomeric seals with different cross-sectional profiles to assess their suitability. It was found that reducing the cycle time can lead to huge energy savings without compromising the quality of the fringes. Moreover, the use of isochromatic only to extract stress components leads to a shorter processing time to achieve desirable information since the process of obtaining isoclinic data is involving. In this paper, results of stress analysis from stress-frozen elastomeric seals with various cross-sections using the new stress freezing cycle are presented.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Machine learning partners in criminal networks
- Author
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Diego D. Lopes, Bruno R. da Cunha, Alvaro F. Martins, Sebastián Gonçalves, Ervin K. Lenzi, Quentin S. Hanley, Matjaž Perc, and Haroldo V. Ribeiro
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Recent research has shown that criminal networks have complex organizational structures, but whether this can be used to predict static and dynamic properties of criminal networks remains little explored. Here, by combining graph representation learning and machine learning methods, we show that structural properties of political corruption, police intelligence, and money laundering networks can be used to recover missing criminal partnerships, distinguish among different types of criminal and legal associations, as well as predict the total amount of money exchanged among criminal agents, all with outstanding accuracy. We also show that our approach can anticipate future criminal associations during the dynamic growth of corruption networks with significant accuracy. Thus, similar to evidence found at crime scenes, we conclude that structural patterns of criminal networks carry crucial information about illegal activities, which allows machine learning methods to predict missing information and even anticipate future criminal behavior.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Machine learning partners in criminal networks
- Author
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Lopes, Diego D., Cunha, Bruno R. da, Martins, Alvaro F., Gonçalves, Sebastián, Lenzi, Ervin K., Hanley, Quentin S., Perc, Matjaž, and Ribeiro, Haroldo V.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Universality of political corruption networks
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Martins, Alvaro F., da Cunha, Bruno R., Hanley, Quentin S., Gonçalves, Sebastián, Perc, Matjaž, and Ribeiro, Haroldo V.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method
- Author
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Mose, Bruno R., Shin, Dong-Kil, Alunda, Bernard O., and Nam, Jeong Hwan
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Universality of political corruption networks
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Alvaro F. Martins, Bruno R. da Cunha, Quentin S. Hanley, Sebastián Gonçalves, Matjaž Perc, and Haroldo V. Ribeiro
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Corruption crimes demand highly coordinated actions among criminal agents to succeed. But research dedicated to corruption networks is still in its infancy and indeed little is known about the properties of these networks. Here we present a comprehensive investigation of corruption networks related to political scandals in Spain and Brazil over nearly three decades. We show that corruption networks of both countries share universal structural and dynamical properties, including similar degree distributions, clustering and assortativity coefficients, modular structure, and a growth process that is marked by the coalescence of network components due to a few recidivist criminals. We propose a simple model that not only reproduces these empirical properties but reveals also that corruption networks operate near a critical recidivism rate below which the network is entirely fragmented and above which it is overly connected. Our research thus indicates that actions focused on decreasing corruption recidivism may substantially mitigate this type of organized crime.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A simple mathematical model for the evaluation of the long first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
- Author
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Yuanji Tang, Tamires D. A. Serdan, Amanda L. Alecrim, Diego R. Souza, Bruno R. M. Nacano, Flaviano L. R. Silva, Eliane B. Silva, Sarah O. Poma, Matheus Gennari-Felipe, Patrícia N. Iser-Bem, Laureane N. Masi, Sherry Tang, Adriana C. Levada-Pires, Elaine Hatanaka, Maria F. Cury-Boaventura, Fernanda T. Borges, Tania C. Pithon-Curi, Marli C. Curpertino, Jarlei Fiamoncini, Carol Gois Leandro, Renata Gorjao, Rui Curi, and Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract We propose herein a mathematical model to predict the COVID-19 evolution and evaluate the impact of governmental decisions on this evolution, attempting to explain the long duration of the pandemic in the 26 Brazilian states and their capitals well as in the Federative Unit. The prediction was performed based on the growth rate of new cases in a stable period, and the graphics plotted with the significant governmental decisions to evaluate the impact on the epidemic curve in each Brazilian state and city. Analysis of the predicted new cases was correlated with the total number of hospitalizations and deaths related to COVID-19. Because Brazil is a vast country, with high heterogeneity and complexity of the regional/local characteristics and governmental authorities among Brazilian states and cities, we individually predicted the epidemic curve based on a specific stable period with reduced or minimal interference on the growth rate of new cases. We found good accuracy, mainly in a short period (weeks). The most critical governmental decisions had a significant temporal impact on pandemic curve growth. A good relationship was found between the predicted number of new cases and the total number of inpatients and deaths related to COVID-19. In summary, we demonstrated that interventional and preventive measures directly and significantly impact the COVID-19 pandemic using a simple mathematical model. This model can easily be applied, helping, and directing health and governmental authorities to make further decisions to combat the pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Numerical analysis of stresses on angular contact ball bearing under the static loading with respect to race thickness and housing stiffness.
- Author
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Mose, Bruno R., Shin, Dong-Kil, and Nam, Jeong-Hwan
- Subjects
- *
DEAD loads (Mechanics) , *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *BALL bearings , *NUMERICAL analysis , *SHEARING force - Abstract
A 3-dimensional model of the angular contact ball bearing (ACBB) was modeled using Abaqus/standard (Dassault systems- version 2017) to investigate the influence of race thickness on the bearing performance. It was found that the ability to support higher contact stress increased with race thickness. However, large deformations were found to occur on outer race with thickness of 3.3 mm and only small deformations were observed on outer race with a thickness of 9.9 mm. The large deformations induce higher shear stresses on thin races than on thick races. These stresses cause spall growth in bearings and propagate into a network of cracks. As a result of these findings, thin races are prone to failure compared with thick races. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A simple mathematical model for the evaluation of the long first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
- Author
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Tang, Yuanji, Serdan, Tamires D. A., Alecrim, Amanda L., Souza, Diego R., Nacano, Bruno R. M., Silva, Flaviano L. R., Silva, Eliane B., Poma, Sarah O., Gennari-Felipe, Matheus, Iser-Bem, Patrícia N., Masi, Laureane N., Tang, Sherry, Levada-Pires, Adriana C., Hatanaka, Elaine, Cury-Boaventura, Maria F., Borges, Fernanda T., Pithon-Curi, Tania C., Curpertino, Marli C., Fiamoncini, Jarlei, Leandro, Carol Gois, Gorjao, Renata, Curi, Rui, and Hirabara, Sandro Massao
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Reproductive and endocrinological effects of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and finasteride therapy in dogs
- Author
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Angrimani, Daniel S. R., Brito, Maíra M., Rui, Bruno R., Nichi, Marcílio, and Vannucchi, Camila I.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The effects of intravenous iron supplementation on fatigue and general health in non-anemic blood donors with iron deficiency: a randomized placebo-controlled superiority trial
- Author
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Keller, Peter, von Känel, Roland, Hincapié, Cesar A., da Costa, Bruno R., Jüni, Peter, Erlanger, Tobias E., Andina, Nicola, Niederhauser, Christoph, Lämmle, Bernhard, and Fontana, Stefano
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- 2020
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15. Treating the placenta to prevent adverse effects of gestational hypoxia on fetal brain development
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Tom J. Phillips, Hannah Scott, David A. Menassa, Ashleigh L. Bignell, Aman Sood, Jude S. Morton, Takami Akagi, Koki Azuma, Mark F. Rogers, Catherine E. Gilmore, Gareth J. Inman, Simon Grant, Yealin Chung, Mais M. Aljunaidy, Christy-Lynn Cooke, Bruno R. Steinkraus, Andrew Pocklington, Angela Logan, Gavin P. Collett, Helena Kemp, Peter A. Holmans, Michael P. Murphy, Tudor A. Fulga, Andrew M. Coney, Mitsuru Akashi, Sandra T. Davidge, and C. Patrick Case
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Some neuropsychiatric disease, including schizophrenia, may originate during prenatal development, following periods of gestational hypoxia and placental oxidative stress. Here we investigated if gestational hypoxia promotes damaging secretions from the placenta that affect fetal development and whether a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ might prevent this. Gestational hypoxia caused low birth-weight and changes in young adult offspring brain, mimicking those in human neuropsychiatric disease. Exposure of cultured neurons to fetal plasma or to secretions from the placenta or from model trophoblast barriers that had been exposed to altered oxygenation caused similar morphological changes. The secretions and plasma contained altered microRNAs whose targets were linked with changes in gene expression in the fetal brain and with human schizophrenia loci. Molecular and morphological changes in vivo and in vitro were prevented by a single dose of MitoQ bound to nanoparticles, which were shown to localise and prevent oxidative stress in the placenta but not in the fetus. We suggest the possibility of developing preventative treatments that target the placenta and not the fetus to reduce risk of psychiatric disease in later life.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A simple mathematical model for the evaluation of the long first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
- Author
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Sarah de Oliveira Poma, Laureane Nunes Masi, Marli C Curpertino, Rui Curi, Elaine Hatanaka, Eliane Borges da Silva, Renata Gorjão, Jarlei Fiamoncini, Matheus Gennari-Felipe, Patricia Nancy Iser-Bem, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura, Bruno R M Nacano, Sandro M. Hirabara, Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires, Tamires Duarte Afonso Serdan, Diego Ribeiro de Souza, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi, Yuanji Tang, Carol Góis Leandro, Fernanda Borges, Amanda Lins Alecrim, Sherry Tang, and Flaviano Luis Rocha da Silva
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Time Factors ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Science ,Article ,Unit (housing) ,Pandemic ,Econometrics ,Humans ,Computational models ,Cities ,Short duration ,Pandemics ,Multidisciplinary ,Models, Statistical ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Geography ,Viral infection ,Medicine ,MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS ,Brazil - Abstract
We propose herein a mathematical model to predict the COVID-19 evolution and evaluate the impact of governmental decisions on this evolution, attempting to explain the long duration of the pandemic in the 26 Brazilian states and their capitals well as in the Federative Unit. The prediction was performed based on the growth rate of new cases in a stable period, and the graphics plotted with the significant governmental decisions to evaluate the impact on the epidemic curve in each Brazilian state and city. Analysis of the predicted new cases was correlated with the total number of hospitalizations and deaths related to COVID-19. Because Brazil is a vast country, with high heterogeneity and complexity of the regional/local characteristics and governmental authorities among Brazilian states and cities, we individually predicted the epidemic curve based on a specific stable period with reduced or minimal interference on the growth rate of new cases. We found good accuracy, mainly in a short period (weeks). The most critical governmental decisions had a significant temporal impact on pandemic curve growth. A good relationship was found between the predicted number of new cases and the total number of inpatients and deaths related to COVID-19. In summary, we demonstrated that interventional and preventive measures directly and significantly impact the COVID-19 pandemic using a simple mathematical model. This model can easily be applied, helping, and directing health and governmental authorities to make further decisions to combat the pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
17. Interplay of α/β-Relaxation Dynamics and the Shape of Ionomer Building Blocks
- Author
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Matos, Bruno R., Politano, Rodolfo, Rey, José Fernando Q., Hermida-Merino, Daniel, Schade, Ulrich, Puskar, Ljiljana, and Fonseca, Fabio C.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method
- Author
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Bruno R, Mose, Dong-Kil, Shin, Bernard O, Alunda, and Jeong Hwan, Nam
- Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies ,Stress, Mechanical ,Elasticity - Abstract
Stress freezing is an important and powerful procedure in 3-dimensional experimental stress analysis using photoelasticity. The application of the stress freezing technique to extract stress components from loaded engineering structures has, however, declined over the years even though its principles are well established. This is attributed to huge costs arising from energy consumption during the process. In addition, significant time is needed to generate the desired information from isoclinic and isochromatic fringes. To overcome the limitations of stress freezing in photoelasticity and transform it into an economical device for stress analysis in an engineering environment, a new stress freezing cycle that lasts 5 h is proposed. The proposed technique is used in several applications of elastomeric seals with different cross-sectional profiles to assess their suitability. It was found that reducing the cycle time can lead to huge energy savings without compromising the quality of the fringes. Moreover, the use of isochromatic only to extract stress components leads to a shorter processing time to achieve desirable information since the process of obtaining isoclinic data is involving. In this paper, results of stress analysis from stress-frozen elastomeric seals with various cross-sections using the new stress freezing cycle are presented.
- Published
- 2021
19. Interplay of α/β-relaxation dynamics and the shape of ionomer building blocks
- Author
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Fabio C. Fonseca, Ljiljana Puskar, Daniel Hermida-Merino, José Fernando Q. Rey, Ulrich Schade, Rodolfo Politano, Bruno R. Matos, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares [São Paulo] (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Comissão National de Energia Nuclear (CNEN)-Universidade de São Paulo (USP), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB)
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Materials science ,Polymers ,lcsh:Medicine ,Large scale facilities for research with photons neutrons and ions ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,MEMBRANES ,PROTON ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,X-Ray Diffraction ,Scattering, Small Angle ,SCATTERING ,lcsh:Science ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Ionomer ,CONDUCTIVITY ,TEMPERATURE ,Micelles ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Multidisciplinary ,Scattering ,Small-angle X-ray scattering ,lcsh:R ,Relaxation (NMR) ,Radius ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Aspect ratio (image) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,chemistry ,Chemical physics ,NAFION ,lcsh:Q ,PERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMERS ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The relation between the α/β relaxations and the shape of the building blocks of ionomer materials is a key factor for programming an important temperature-dependent property: the memory of shape. However, the morphology of ionomers is indirectly obtained via modeling of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data owing to the hardly accessible image characterization of the nanometric building blocks ‒ micelle-like cylindrical polymeric aggregates (radius ~2–6 nm and length >100 nm). Herein, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) measurements, free from electrode polarization effects, allowed identifying the time and temperature dependence of the polarization of different length scales of the ionomer matrix, and more importantly, by directly providing the aspect ratio of the radius and length of the polymeric aggregates for each desired temperature. This finding is essential for controlling the shape of ionomer based functional products under several stimuli conditions, thereby advancing remarkable applications, such as four dimensional (4D) printing.
- Published
- 2018
20. Treating the placenta to prevent adverse effects of gestational hypoxia on fetal brain development
- Author
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Phillips, Tom J., primary, Scott, Hannah, additional, Menassa, David A., additional, Bignell, Ashleigh L., additional, Sood, Aman, additional, Morton, Jude S., additional, Akagi, Takami, additional, Azuma, Koki, additional, Rogers, Mark F., additional, Gilmore, Catherine E., additional, Inman, Gareth J., additional, Grant, Simon, additional, Chung, Yealin, additional, Aljunaidy, Mais M., additional, Cooke, Christy-Lynn, additional, Steinkraus, Bruno R., additional, Pocklington, Andrew, additional, Logan, Angela, additional, Collett, Gavin P., additional, Kemp, Helena, additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Murphy, Michael P., additional, Fulga, Tudor A., additional, Coney, Andrew M., additional, Akashi, Mitsuru, additional, Davidge, Sandra T., additional, and Case, C. Patrick, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Practice explains abolished behavioural adaptation after human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex lesions
- Author
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Bernhard Hommel, Erwin Haasnoot, E. W. Berretty, Bruno R. Bocanegra, H. W. van Steenbergen, and Research Methods and Techniques
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Dorsum ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Article ,Lesion ,Young Adult ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Gyrus cinguli ,Humans ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,food and beverages ,Cognition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Adaptation ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
The role of mid-cingulate cortex (MCC), also referred to as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, in regulating cognitive control is a topic of primary importance in cognitive neuroscience. Although many studies have shown that MCC responds to cognitive demands, lesion studies in humans are inconclusive concerning the causal role of the MCC in the adaptation to these demands. By elegantly combining single-cell recordings with behavioural methods, Sheth et al. [Sheth, S. et al. Human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex neurons mediate ongoing behavioural adaptation. Nature 488, 218–22 (2012).] recently were able to show that neurons in MCC encode cognitive demand. Importantly, this study also claimed that focal lesions of the MCC abolished behavioural adaptation to cognitive demands. Here we show that the absence of post-cingulotomy behavioural adaptation reported in this study may have been due to practice effects. We run a control condition where we tested subjects before and after a dummy treatment, which substituted cingulotomy with a filler task (presentation of a documentary). The results revealed abolished behavioural adaptation following the dummy treatment. Our findings suggest that future work using proper experimental designs is needed to advance the understanding of the causal role of the MCC in behavioural adaptation.
- Published
- 2015
22. Competing-risk analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 in-hospital mortality in a Northern Italian centre from SMAtteo COvid19 REgistry (SMACORE)
- Author
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Salvatore Battaglia, Matteo Lupi, Laura Maiocchi, Alessandro Di Filippo, Paolo Sacchi, Ilaria Gallazzi, Pietro Valsecchi, Massimo Attanasio, Marco Enea, Simona Biscarini, Stefano Novati, Elena Seminari, Marta Colaneri, Raffaele Bruno, Ciro Celsa, Margherita Sambo, Valentina Zuccaro, Calogero Cammà, Silvia Roda, Erika Asperges, Angela Di Matteo, Michele Sachs, Teresa Chiara Pieri, Zuccaro V., Celsa C., Sambo M., Battaglia S., Sacchi P., Biscarini S., Valsecchi P., Pieri T.C., Gallazzi I., Colaneri M., Sachs M., Roda S., Asperges E., Lupi M., Di Filippo A., Seminari E., Di Matteo A., Novati S., Maiocchi L., Enea M., Attanasio M., Cammà Calogero., and Bruno R.
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Science ,Diseases ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Competing risks ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Cumulative incidence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hospital Mortality ,Registries ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,In hospital mortality ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Lower intensity ,Middle Aged ,Italy ,Viral infection ,Hospital admission ,Cohort ,Medicine ,Infectious diseases ,Female ,Risk assessment ,business ,Human - Abstract
An accurate prediction of the clinical outcomes of European patients requiring hospitalisation for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is lacking. The aim of the study is to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality and discharge in a cohort of Lombardy patients with COVID-19. All consecutive hospitalised patients from February 21st to March 30th, 2020, with confirmed COVID-19 from the IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardy, Italy, were included. In-hospital mortality and discharge were evaluated by competing risk analysis. The Fine and Gray model was fitted in order to estimate the effect of covariates on the cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) for in-hospital mortality and discharge. 426 adult patients [median age 68 (IQR 56 to 77 years)] were admitted with confirmed COVID-19 over a 5-week period; 292 (69%) were male. By 21 April 2020, 141 (33%) of these patients had died, 239 (56%) patients had been discharged and 46 (11%) were still hospitalised. Among these 46 patients, updated as of 30 May, 2020, 5 (10.9%) had died, 8 (17.4%) were still in ICU, 12 (26.1%) were transferred to lower intensity care units and 21 (45.7%) were discharged. Regression on the CIFs for in-hospital mortality showed that older age, male sex, number of comorbidities and hospital admission after March 4th were independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Older age, male sex and number of comorbidities definitively predicted in-hospital mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
- Published
- 2020
23. Reduction of BSI associated mortality after a sepsis project implementation in the ER of a tertiary referral hospital.
- Author
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Seminari E, Colaneri M, Corbella M, De Silvestri A, Muzzi A, Perlini S, Martino IF, Marvulli LN, Arcuri A, Maffezzoni M, Minucci R, Bono E, Cambieri P, Marone P, and Bruno R
- Subjects
- Humans, Tertiary Care Centers, Retrospective Studies, Hospital Mortality, Emergency Service, Hospital, Hospitalization, Sepsis
- Abstract
The emergency room (ER) is the first gateway for patients with sepsis to inpatient units, and identifying best practices and benchmarks to be applied in this setting might crucially result in better patient's outcomes. In this study, we want to evaluate the results in terms of decreased the in-hospital mortality of patients with sepsis of a Sepsis Project developed in the ER. All patients admitted to the ER of our Hospital from the 1st January, 2016 to the 31stJuly 2019 with suspect of sepsis (MEWS score ≥ of 3) and positive blood culture upon ER admission were included in this retrospective observational study. The study comprises of two periods: Period A: From the 1st Jan 2016 to the 31st Dec 2017, before the implementation of the Sepsis project. Period B: From the 1st Jan 2018 to the 31stJul 2019, after the implementation of the Sepsis project. To analyze the difference in mortality between the two periods, a univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used. The risk of in-hospital mortality was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Overall, 722 patients admitted in ER had positive BC on admissions, 408 in period A and 314 in period B. In-hospital mortality was 18.9% in period A and 12.7% in period B (p = 0.03). At multivariable analysis, mortality was still reduced in period B compared to period A (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-0.98; p = 0.045). Having an infection due to GP bacteria or polymicrobial was associated with an increased risk of death, as it was having a neoplasm or diabetes. A marked reduction in in-hospital mortality of patients with documented BSI associated with signs or symptoms of sepsis after the implementation of a sepsis project based on the application of sepsis bundles in the ER., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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24. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of plasma supported by multivariate analysis discriminates multiple sclerosis disease.
- Author
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Crocco MC, Moyano MFH, Annesi F, Bruno R, Pirritano D, Del Giudice F, Petrone A, Condino F, and Guzzi R
- Subjects
- Humans, Multivariate Analysis, Biomarkers blood, Multiple Sclerosis blood, Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, Plasma chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared methods
- Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases showing various symptoms both of physical and cognitive type. In this work, we used attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze plasma samples for discriminating MS patients from healthy control individuals, and identifying potential spectral biomarkers helping the diagnosis through a quick non-invasive blood test. The cohort of the study consists of 85 subjects, including 45 MS patients and 40 healthy controls. The differences in the spectral features both in the fingerprint region (1800-900 cm
-1 ) and in the high region (3050-2800 cm-1 ) of the infrared spectra were highlighted also with the support of different chemometric methods, to capture the most significant wavenumbers for the differentiation. The results show an increase in the lipid/protein ratio in MS patients, indicating changes in the level (metabolism) of these molecular components in the plasma. Moreover, the multivariate tools provided a promising rate of success in the diagnosis, with 78% sensitivity and 83% specificity obtained through the random forest model in the fingerprint region. The MS diagnostic tools based on biomarkers identification on blood (and blood component, like plasma or serum) are very challenging and the specificity and sensitivity values obtained in this work are very encouraging. Overall, the results obtained suggest that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy on plasma samples, requiring minimal or no manipulation, coupled with statistical multivariate approaches, is a promising analytical tool to support MS diagnosis through the identification of spectral biomarkers., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Early detection of variants of concern via funnel plots of regional reproduction numbers.
- Author
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Milanesi S, Rosset F, Colaneri M, Giordano G, Pesenti K, Blanchini F, Bolzern P, Colaneri P, Sacchi P, De Nicolao G, and Bruno R
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Reproduction, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, Communicable Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Early detection of the emergence of a new variant of concern (VoC) is essential to develop strategies that contain epidemic outbreaks. For example, knowing in which region a VoC starts spreading enables prompt actions to circumscribe the geographical area where the new variant can spread, by containing it locally. This paper presents 'funnel plots' as a statistical process control method that, unlike tools whose purpose is to identify rises of the reproduction number ([Formula: see text]), detects when a regional [Formula: see text] departs from the national average and thus represents an anomaly. The name of the method refers to the funnel-like shape of the scatter plot that the data take on. Control limits with prescribed false alarm rate are derived from the observation that regional [Formula: see text]'s are normally distributed with variance inversely proportional to the number of infectious cases. The method is validated on public COVID-19 data demonstrating its efficacy in the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in India, South Africa, England, and Italy, as well as of a malfunctioning episode of the diagnostic infrastructure in England, during which the Immensa lab in Wolverhampton gave 43,000 incorrect negative tests relative to South West and West Midlands territories., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Competing-risk analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 in-hospital mortality in a Northern Italian centre from SMAtteo COvid19 REgistry (SMACORE).
- Author
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Zuccaro V, Celsa C, Sambo M, Battaglia S, Sacchi P, Biscarini S, Valsecchi P, Pieri TC, Gallazzi I, Colaneri M, Sachs M, Roda S, Asperges E, Lupi M, Di Filippo A, Seminari E, Di Matteo A, Novati S, Maiocchi L, Enea M, Attanasio M, Cammà C, and Bruno R
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19 epidemiology, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Assessment, COVID-19 mortality, Hospital Mortality, Registries statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
An accurate prediction of the clinical outcomes of European patients requiring hospitalisation for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is lacking. The aim of the study is to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality and discharge in a cohort of Lombardy patients with COVID-19. All consecutive hospitalised patients from February 21st to March 30th, 2020, with confirmed COVID-19 from the IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardy, Italy, were included. In-hospital mortality and discharge were evaluated by competing risk analysis. The Fine and Gray model was fitted in order to estimate the effect of covariates on the cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) for in-hospital mortality and discharge. 426 adult patients [median age 68 (IQR 56 to 77 years)] were admitted with confirmed COVID-19 over a 5-week period; 292 (69%) were male. By 21 April 2020, 141 (33%) of these patients had died, 239 (56%) patients had been discharged and 46 (11%) were still hospitalised. Among these 46 patients, updated as of 30 May, 2020, 5 (10.9%) had died, 8 (17.4%) were still in ICU, 12 (26.1%) were transferred to lower intensity care units and 21 (45.7%) were discharged. Regression on the CIFs for in-hospital mortality showed that older age, male sex, number of comorbidities and hospital admission after March 4th were independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Older age, male sex and number of comorbidities definitively predicted in-hospital mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Transcriptomic study in women with trisomy 21 identifies a possible role of the GTPases of the immunity-associated proteins (GIMAP) in the protection of breast cancer.
- Author
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Mégarbané A, Piquemal D, Rebillat AS, Stora S, Pierrat F, Bruno R, Noguier F, Mircher C, Ravel A, Vilaire-Meunier M, Durand S, and Lefranc G
- Subjects
- Adult, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Down Syndrome genetics, Female, France epidemiology, GTP Phosphohydrolases genetics, GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Humans, Middle Aged, RNA, Messenger genetics, Transcriptome genetics, Trisomy genetics, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Down Syndrome metabolism, GTP Phosphohydrolases metabolism, GTP-Binding Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Background: People with trisomy 21 (T21) are predisposed to developing hematological tumors, but have significantly lower-than-expected age-adjusted incidence rates of having a solid tumor., Material and Methods: To identify novel genetic factors implicated in the lower breast cancer (BC) frequency observed in women with T21 than in the general population, we compared the transcriptome pattern of women with a homogeneous T21, aged more than 30 years, with or without BC, and tumoral BC tissue of control women with a normal karyotype from the study of Varley et al. (2014)., Results: Differential analysis of gene expression between the 15 women in the T21 without BC group and BC patients in the other groups (two women with T21 and fifteen control women, respectively) revealed 154 differentially expressed genes, of which 63 were found to have similar expression profile (up- or downregulated). Of those 63 genes, four were in the same family, namely GIMAP4, GIMAP6, GIMAP7 and GIMAP8, and were strongly upregulated in the T21 without BC group compared to the other groups. A significant decrease in mRNA levels of these genes in BC tissues compared to non-tumor breast tissues was also noted., Conclusion: We found that the expression of some GIMAPs is significantly higher in women with T21 without BC than in patients with sporadic BC. Our findings support the hypothesis that GIMAPs may play a tumor-suppressive role against BC, and open the possibility that they may also have the same role for other solid tumors in T21 patients. The search for new prognostic factors and hopefully new therapeutic or preventive strategies against BC are discussed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Whole transcriptome targeted gene quantification provides new insights on pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas.
- Author
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Alì G, Bruno R, Poma AM, Affinito O, Monticelli A, Piaggi P, Ricciardi S, Lucchi M, Melfi F, Chella A, Cocozza S, and Fontanini G
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSC) are a rare group of lung cancer with a median overall survival of 9-12 months. PSC are divided into five histotypes, challenging to diagnose and treat. The identification of PSC biomarkers is warranted, but PSC molecular profile remains to be defined. Herein, a targeted whole transcriptome analysis was performed on 14 PSC samples, evaluated also for the presence of the main oncogene mutations and rearrangements. PSC expression data were compared with transcriptome data of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Deregulated genes were used for pathway enrichment analysis; the most representative genes were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent cohort (30 PSC, 31 LUAD, 31 LUSC). All PSC cases were investigated for PD-L1 expression. Thirty-eight genes deregulated in PSC were identified, among these IGJ and SLMAP were confirmed by IHC. Moreover, Forkhead box signaling and Fanconi anemia pathways were specifically enriched in PSC. Finally, some PSC harboured alterations in genes targetable by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as EGFR and MET. We provide a deep molecular characterization of PSC; the identification of specific molecular profiles, besides increasing our knowledge on PSC biology, might suggest new strategies to improve patients management.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Both anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of novel drug candidate ABX464 are mediated by modulation of RNA splicing.
- Author
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Vautrin A, Manchon L, Garcel A, Campos N, Lapasset L, Laaref AM, Bruno R, Gislard M, Dubois E, Scherrer D, Ehrlich JH, and Tazi J
- Subjects
- Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, HIV drug effects, HIV genetics, HeLa Cells, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear chemistry, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, MicroRNAs drug effects, MicroRNAs genetics, RNA, Viral drug effects, RNA, Viral genetics, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear cytology, Quinolines pharmacology, RNA Splicing drug effects
- Abstract
ABX464 is a first-in-class, clinical-stage, small molecule for oral administration that has shown strong anti-inflammatory effects in the DSS-model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and also prevents replication of the HIV virus. ABX464 which binds to cap binding complex (CBC) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in a phase 2a proof-of-concept clinical trial in patients with Ulcerative colitis. Previously, with limited technologies, it was not possible to quantify the effect of ABX464 on viral and cellular RNA biogenesis. Here, using RNA CaptureSeq and deep sequencing, we report that ABX464 enhances the splicing of HIV RNA in infected PBMCs from six healthy individuals and also the expression and splicing of a single long noncoding RNA to generate the anti-inflammatory miR-124 both ex vivo and in HIV patients. While ABX464 has no effect on pre-mRNA splicing of cellular genes, depletion of CBC complex by RNAi leads to accumulation of intron retention transcripts. These results imply that ABX464 did not inhibit the function of CBC in splicing but rather strengthens it under pathological condition like inflammation and HIV infection. The specific dual ability of ABX464 to generate both anti-inflammatory miR-124 and spliced viral RNA may have applicability for the treatment of both inflammatory diseases and HIV infection.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Hippo pathway affects survival of cancer patients: extensive analysis of TCGA data and review of literature.
- Author
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Poma AM, Torregrossa L, Bruno R, Basolo F, and Fontanini G
- Subjects
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing genetics, Databases, Factual statistics & numerical data, Datasets as Topic, Gene Expression Profiling, Hippo Signaling Pathway, Humans, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms pathology, Phosphoproteins genetics, Prognosis, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Survival Analysis, Transcription Factors, YAP-Signaling Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Neoplasms mortality, Phosphoproteins metabolism, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Signal Transduction genetics
- Abstract
The disruption of the Hippo pathway occurs in many cancer types and is associated with cancer progression. Herein, we investigated the impact of 32 Hippo genes on overall survival (OS) of cancer patients, by both analysing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and reviewing the related literature. mRNA and protein expression data of all solid tumors except pure sarcomas were downloaded from TCGA database. Thirty-two Hippo genes were considered; for each gene, patients were dichotomized based on median expression value. Survival analyses were performed to identify independent predictors, taking into account the main clinical-pathological features affecting OS. Finally, independent predictors were correlated with YAP1 oncoprotein expression. At least one of the Hippo genes is an independent prognostic factor in 12 out of 13 considered tumor datasets. mRNA levels of the independent predictors coherently correlate with YAP1 in glioma, kidney renal clear cell, head and neck, and bladder cancer. Moreover, literature data revealed the association between YAP1 levels and OS in gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and lung cancer. Herein, we identified cancers in which Hippo pathway affects OS; these cancers should be candidates for YAP1 inhibitors development and testing.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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