83 results on '"Chen WU"'
Search Results
2. Piscidin-1 Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Regulated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Osteosarcoma Cells
- Author
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Cheng, Meng-Hsuan, Pan, Chieh-Yu, Chen, Nan-Fu, Yang, San-Nan, Hsieh, Shuchen, Wen, Zhi-Hong, Chen, Wu-Fu, Wang, Jin-Wei, Lu, Wen-Hsien, and Kuo, Hsiao-Mei
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- 2020
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3. A randomized trial on the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
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Jin-Ying Lu, Horng-Yih Ou, Chung-Ze Wu, Chwen-Yi Yang, Ju-Ying Jiang, Chieh-Hsiang Lu, Yi-Der Jiang, Tien-Jyun Chang, Yi-Cheng Chang, Meng-Lun Hsieh, Wan-Chen Wu, Hung-Yuan Li, Ye-Fong Du, Ching-Han Lin, Hao-Chang Hung, Kai-Jen Tien, Nai-Cheng Yeh, Shang-Yu Lee, Hui-I. Yu, and Lee-Ming Chuang
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) has been demonstrated to be beneficial in glycemic control in animal models, but its application in humans has not been well studied. We randomly assigned 160 patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs 1:1 to the TENS study device (n=81) and placebo (n=79). 147 (92%) randomized participants (mean [SD] age 59 [10] years, 92 men [58%], mean [SD] baseline HbA1c level 8.1% [0.6%]) completed the trial. At week 20, HbA1c decreased from 8.1% to 7.9% in the TENS group (-0.2% [95% CI: -0.4% to -0.1%]) and from 8.1% to 7.8% in the placebo group (-0.3% [95% CI: -0.5% to -0.2%]) (P = 0.821). Mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) at week 20 were significantly different (66 mg/dL [95% CI: 58, 73] vs. 79 mg/dL [95% CI: 72, 87]) (P = 0.009). Besides, we noticed that hypoglycemia accounted for 6/54 (11%) of total adverse events and 14/46 (30%) in the TENS vs. the placebo groups. Our study provides the clinical evidence for the first time in humans that TENS does not demonstrate a statistically significant HbA1c reduction. However, it is a safe complementary therapy to improve MAGE in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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- 2023
4. TRIB1 and TRPS1 variants, G × G and G × E interactions on serum lipid levels, the risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke
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Zhang, Qing-Hui, Yin, Rui-Xing, Chen, Wu-Xian, Cao, Xiao-Li, and Wu, Jin-Zhen
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- 2019
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5. CBF oscillations induced by trigeminal nerve stimulation protect the pericontusional penumbra in traumatic brain injury complicated by hemorrhagic shock
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Keren Powell, Raj K. Narayan, Ping Wang, Anup N. Sonti, Weng Lang Yang, Mohini Doobay, Kevin A. Shah, Timothy G White, Lance B Becker, Wayne W. Chaung, Yi Chen Wu, and Chunyan Li
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Nervous system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Resuscitation ,Traumatic brain injury ,Biopsy ,Science ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Stimulation ,Shock, Hemorrhagic ,Trauma ,Article ,Internal medicine ,Brain Injuries, Traumatic ,Medicine ,Animals ,Trigeminal Nerve ,Cerebral perfusion pressure ,Neuroinflammation ,Trigeminal nerve ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Penumbra ,Hemodynamics ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,Cerebral blood flow ,nervous system ,Preclinical research ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Cardiology ,Disease Susceptibility ,Inflammation Mediators ,Nitric Oxide Synthase ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Traumatic peri-contusional penumbra represents crucial targets for therapeutic interventions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current resuscitative approaches may not adequately alleviate impaired cerebral microcirculation and, hence, compromise oxygen delivery to peri-contusional areas. Low-frequency oscillations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may improve cerebral oxygenation in the setting of oxygen deprivation. However, no method has been reported to induce controllable oscillations in CBF and it hasn’t been applied as a therapeutic strategy. Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve (TNS) plays a pivotal role in modulating cerebrovascular tone and cerebral perfusion. We hypothesized that TNS can modulate CBF at the targeted frequency band via the trigemino-cerebrovascular network, and TNS-induced CBF oscillations would improve cerebral oxygenation in peri-contusional areas. In a rat model of TBI complicated by hemorrhagic shock, TNS-induced CBF oscillations conferred significant preservation of peri-contusional tissues leading to reduced lesion volume, attenuated hypoxic injury and neuroinflammation, increased eNOS expression, improved neurological recovery and better 10-day survival rate, despite not significantly increasing CBF as compared with those in immediate and delayed resuscitation animals. Our findings indicate that low-frequency CBF oscillations enhance cerebral oxygenation in peri-contusional areas, and play a more significant protective role than improvements in non-oscillatory cerebral perfusion or volume expansion alone.
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- 2021
6. Restoration of dysnatremia and acute kidney injury benefits outcomes of acute geriatric inpatients
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Meng-Chen Wu, Jen-Hau Chen, Yung-Ming Chen, Yi-Chun Chou, Chiung-Jung Wen, Feng-Ping Lu, Yu-Hsiang Chou, and Kun-Pei Lin
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Activities of daily living ,Frail Elderly ,Science ,Water-Electrolyte Imbalance ,Renal function ,Diseases ,Article ,Medical research ,Electrolyte imbalance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Mortality ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged, 80 and over ,Inpatients ,Multidisciplinary ,Hypernatremia ,Frailty ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Acute kidney injury ,Recovery of Function ,Acute Kidney Injury ,medicine.disease ,Hospitalization ,Increased risk ,Nephrology ,Medicine ,Functional status ,Observational study ,Female ,business ,Hyponatremia - Abstract
Dysnatremia and dyskalemia are common problems in acutely hospitalized elderly patients. These disorders are associated with an increased risk of mortality and functional complications that often occur concomitantly with acute kidney injury in addition to multiple comorbidities. In a single-center prospective observational study, we recruited 401 acute geriatric inpatients. In-hospital outcomes included all-cause mortality, length of stay, and changes in functional status as determined by the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance, and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). The prevalence of dysnatremia alone, dyskalemia alone, and dysnatremia plus dyskalemia during initial hospitalization were 28.4%, 14.7% and 32.4%, respectively. Patients with electrolyte imbalance exhibited higher mortality rates and longer hospital stays than those without electrolyte imbalance. Those with initial dysnatremia, or dysnatremia plus dyskalemia were associated with worse ADL scores, ECOG performance and CFS scores at discharge. Subgroup analyses showed that resolution of dysnatremia was related to reduced mortality risk and improved CFS score, whereas recovery of renal function was associated with decreased mortality and better ECOG and CFS ratings. Our data suggest that restoration of initial dysnatremia and acute kidney injury during acute geriatric care may benefit in-hospital survival and functional status at discharge.
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- 2021
7. Higher CD4/CD8 ratio of pleural effusion predicts better survival for lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
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Yu-Chen Wu, Yen-Hsiang Huang, Jeng-Sen Tseng, Gee-Chen Chang, Po-Hsin Lee, Kun-Chieh Chen, Tsung-Ying Yang, Ko-Jiunn Liu, and Kuo-Hsuan Hsu
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Pleural effusion ,Science ,CD4-CD8 Ratio ,Cancer immunotherapy ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Gastroenterology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Internal medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Malignant pleural effusion ,Lung cancer ,Adverse effect ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ,Pseudoprogression ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Pleural Effusion, Malignant ,Survival Rate ,030104 developmental biology ,Effusion ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Tumour immunology ,Medicine ,Female ,business ,Non-small-cell lung cancer ,CD8 ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Pleural effusion is a rare immune-related adverse event for lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We enrolled 281 lung cancer patients treated with ICIs and 17 were analyzed. We categorized the formation of pleural effusion into 3 patterns: type 1, rapid and massive; type 2, slow and indolent; and type 3, with disease progression. CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.93 was selected as the cutoff threshold to predict survival. Most patients of types 1 and 2 effusions possessed pleural effusion with CD4/CD8 ratios ≥ 1.93. The median OS time in type 1, 2, and 3 patients were not reached, 24.8, and 2.6 months, respectively. The median PFS time in type 1, 2, and 3 patients were 35.5, 30.2, and 1.4 months, respectively. The median OS for the group with pleural effusion CD4/CD8 ≥ 1.93 and
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- 2021
8. Study on performance degradation and damage modes of thin-film photovoltaic cell subjected to particle impact
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Jianhua Yuan, Wenyu Bai, Chenguang Huang, Xianqian Wu, Xuan Song, Kailu Xiao, and Chen-Wu Wu
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Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Number density ,020209 energy ,Energy science and technology ,Science ,Photovoltaic system ,Energy conversion efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,Bending ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Article ,Impact velocity ,Engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Degradation (geology) ,Particle ,Medicine ,Thin film ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
It has been a key issue for photovoltaic (PV) cells to survive under mechanical impacts by tiny dust. In this paper, the performance degradation and the damage behavior of PV cells subjected to massive dust impact are investigated using laser-shock driven particle impact experiments and mechanical modeling. The results show that the light-electricity conversion efficiency of the PV cells decreases with increasing the impact velocity and the particles’ number density. It drops from 26.7 to 3.9% with increasing the impact velocity from 40 to 185 m/s and the particles’ number densities from 35 to 150/mm2, showing a reduction up to 85.7% when being compared with the intact ones with the light-electricity conversion efficiency of 27.2%. A damage-induced conversion efficiency degradation (DCED) model is developed and validated by experiments, providing an effective method in predicting the performance degradation of PV cells under various dust impact conditions. Moreover, three damage modes, including damaged conducting grid lines, fractured PV cell surfaces, and the bending effects after impact are observed, and the corresponding strength of each mode is quantified by different mechanical theories.
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- 2021
9. Angiotensin-(1–7) treatment blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced organ damage, platelet dysfunction, and IL-6 and nitric oxide production in rats
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Chin-Chen Wu, Cheng-Ming Tsao, Wen-Jinn Liaw, Chih-Chin Shih, Mei-Hui Liao, Kuang-Yi Chang, and Hsin-Jung Tsai
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Blood Platelets ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,Lipopolysaccharide ,Multiple Organ Failure ,Vasodilator Agents ,Science ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pharmacology ,Article ,Nitric oxide ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,Platelet ,Rats, Wistar ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Interleukin-6 ,Organ dysfunction ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,Endotoxemia ,Peptide Fragments ,Rats ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Bacterial infection ,Angiotensin I ,Hypotension ,business - Abstract
Sepsis can lead to shock, multiple organ failure, and even death. Platelets play an active role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7), a biologically active peptide, counteracts various effects of Ang II and attenuates inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis. We evaluated the effects of Ang-(1–7) on organ injury and platelet dysfunction in rats with endotoxaemia. We treated male Wistar rats with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg, intravenously) then Ang-(1–7) (1 mg/kg, intravenous infusion for 3 h beginning 30 min after LPS administration). We analysed several haemodynamic, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters, as well as platelet counts and aggregation. Ang-(1–7) improved hypotension and organ dysfunction, and attenuated plasma interleukin-6, chemokines and nitric oxide production in rats after LPS administration. The LPS-induced reduction in platelet aggregation, but not the decreased platelet count, was restored after Ang-(1–7) treatment. The protein expression of iNOS and IκB, but not phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, was diminished in Ang-(1–7)-treated LPS rats. The histological changes in liver and lung were significantly attenuated in Ang-(1–7)-treated LPS rats. Our results suggest that Ang-(1–7) ameliorates endotoxaemic-induced organ injury and platelet dysfunction, likely through the inhibition of the inflammatory response and nitric oxide production.
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- 2021
10. Simple and rapid direct cloning and heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic gene cluster in Bacillus subtilis via Red/ET recombineering
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Liu, Qingshu, Shen, Qiyao, Bian, Xiaoying, Chen, Hanna, Fu, Jun, Wang, Hailong, Lei, Ping, Guo, Zhaohui, Chen, Wu, Li, Dingjun, and Zhang, Youming
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- 2016
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11. Lactobacillus fermentum PS150 promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep in the first night effect of mice
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Cheryl C.H. Yang, Ching Ting Shih, Hsu Feng Chu, Yu Ting Cheng, Alex T.L. Lin, Ying-Chieh Tsai, Chieh Wen Chen, and Chien Chen Wu
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Male ,Sleep Wake Disorders ,Limosilactobacillus fermentum ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lactobacillus fermentum ,Polysomnography ,Science ,Sleep, REM ,Microbial communities ,Microbiology ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,Article ,Mice ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Pentobarbital ,Sleep disorder ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,business.industry ,Diphenhydramine ,Eye movement ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Fragmented sleep ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Sleep deprivation ,Endocrinology ,Sleep Deprivation ,Medicine ,Circadian rhythms and sleep ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The first night effect (FNE) is a type of sleep disturbance caused by an unfamiliar environment, which leads to difficulty falling asleep and reduced sleep duration. Previously, we reported that Lactobacillus fermentum PS150 (PS150) improves sleep conditions in a pentobarbital-induced sleep mouse model. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PS150 on the FNE in mice. Briefly, mice were implanted with electrodes and orally administered PS150 for four weeks, and then the FNE was induced by cage changing. Analysis of polysomnographic signals revealed that intervention with PS150 restored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep length under the FNE. Compared to diphenhydramine, a commonly used sleep aid, PS150 had no unwanted side effects, such as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation and fragmented sleep. Moreover, temporal analysis revealed that PS150 efficiently reduced both sleep latency and time spent restoring normal levels of REM sleep. Taken together, these results suggest that PS150 efficiently ameliorates sleep disturbance caused by the FNE. Additionally, V3–V4 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant increases in Erysipelotrichia, Actinobacteria, and Coriobacteriia in fecal specimens of the PS150-treated group, indicating that PS150 induces gut microbiota remodeling.
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- 2021
12. Reproductive and environmental exposures and the breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women
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Hwai I. Yang, Po-Han Lin, Hui-Chen Wu, Chien-Jen Chen, Mary Beth Terry, and Regina M. Santella
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Adult ,Science ,Population ,Breast Neoplasms ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Breast cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental risk ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cancer registry ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,Menarche ,Medicine ,Female ,business ,Live birth ,Biomarkers ,Demography - Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing around the globe, including in Taiwan, though the cause of the increasing incidence is less clear. We followed up 11,296 Taiwanese females who did not have BC at baseline, and ascertained new invasive BC (N = 351) through data linkage to the National Cancer Registry from 1991 to 2018 to examine whether reproductive, lifestyle and environmental risk factors including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were associated with BC risk. We conducted a nested case–control study using baseline blood available from a total of 305 women with BC and 598 women without BC matched on time in cohort. We examined the association of PAH-albumin adducts and BC risk using conditional logistic regression models. Age at menarche (HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for ≥ 15 vs.
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- 2021
13. Identification of hybridization and introgression between Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata and C. camphora (L.) Presl using genotyping-by-sequencing
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Yolanda Gogorcena, Shu-Hwa Chang, Chia-Chen Wu, Cheng-Kuen Ho, Fang-Hua Chu, Chih-Wei Tung, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Gogorcena Aoiz, Yolanda, and Gogorcena Aoiz, Yolanda [0000-0003-1081-430X]
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,DNA, Plant ,Genotyping Techniques ,Plant genetics ,Introgression ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biology ,Genetic Introgression ,01 natural sciences ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,DNA sequencing ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,INDEL Mutation ,Botany ,Genetics ,Inbreeding ,Indel ,lcsh:Science ,Hybrid ,Cinnamomum ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetic marker ,lcsh:Q ,Antrodia cinnamomea ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
10 Pags.- 2 Tabls.- 5 Figs. Supplementary information is available for this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72775-0. © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder., Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata and C. camphora (L.) Presl are important tree species in eastern Asia. The wood of C. kanehirae is in increasing demand for culturing Antrodia cinnamomea, a medicinal fungus that naturally grows inside the trunk of C. kanehirae. Putative hybrids between C. kanehirae and C. camphora were previously reported but with no scientifc evidence, leading to confusion or misplanting. First, to identify the female parent of putative hybrids, the maternal inheritance InDel (insertion/deletion) markers were developed by using low-coverage sequencing. SNPs were developed by using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach in C. kanehirae, C. camphora and putative hybrids. The results indicated that the female parent of the studied hybrids was C. camphora. Eight hundred and forty of the 529,006 high-density SNPs were selected and used for analysis. Hybrids were classifed as F1 (C. kanehirae × C. camphora), F2 and backcrosses. Hybridization has occurred in the human-developed area of eastern and southwestern Taiwan, and the introgression was bidirectional. For producing pure wood, bufering zones should be established around seed orchards to avoid crossspecies pollination and to preserve the genetic purity of C. kanehirae. The DNA markers developed in this study will also be valuable for further wood identifcation, breeding and evolutionary research., Funding: Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (Concession number 109AS-10.1.1-FI-G1).
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- 2020
14. Significant improvement in catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of a Phaseolus vulgaris epoxide hydrolase, PvEH3, towards ortho-cresyl glycidyl ether based on the semi-rational design
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Su Yongjun, Jin-Ping Li, Jun Zhao, You-Yi Liu, Chuang Li, Min-Chen Wu, Yao-Hui Xu, and Chen Zhang
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0301 basic medicine ,Stereochemistry ,lcsh:Medicine ,010402 general chemistry ,Microbiology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Catalysis ,Substrate Specificity ,Kinetic resolution ,Cresols ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Escherichia coli ,Enzyme kinetics ,lcsh:Science ,Epoxide hydrolase ,Plant Proteins ,Epoxide Hydrolases ,Phaseolus ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Aryl ,lcsh:R ,Biological techniques ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Stereoisomerism ,Chemical biology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Yield (chemistry) ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,Epoxy Compounds ,lcsh:Q ,Specific activity ,Enantiomer ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The investigation of substrate spectrum towards five racemic (rac-) aryl glycidyl ethers (1a–5a) indicated that E. coli/pveh3, an E. coli BL21(DE3) transformant harboring a PvEH3-encoding gene pveh3, showed the highest EH activity and enantiomeric ratio (E) towards rac-3a. For efficiently catalyzing the kinetic resolution of rac-3a, the activity and E value of PvEH3 were further improved by site-directed mutagenesis of selected residues. Based on the semi-rational design of an NC-loop in PvEH3, four single-site variants of pveh3 were amplified by PCR, and intracellularly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), respectively. E. coli/pveh3E134K and /pveh3T137P had the enhanced EH activities of 15.3 ± 0.4 and 16.1 ± 0.5 U/g wet cell as well as E values of 21.7 ± 1.0 and 21.2 ± 1.1 towards rac-3a. Subsequently, E. coli/pveh3E134K/T137P harboring a double-site variant gene was also constructed, having the highest EH activity of 22.4 ± 0.6 U/g wet cell and E value of 24.1 ± 1.2. The specific activity of the purified PvEH3E134K/T137P (14.5 ± 0.5 U/mg protein) towards rac-3a and its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km of 5.67 mM−1 s−1) for (S)-3a were 1.7- and 3.54-fold those (8.4 ± 0.3 U/mg and 1.60 mM−1 s−1) of PvEH3. The gram-scale kinetic resolution of rac-3a using whole wet cells of E. coli/pveh3E134K/T137P was performed at 20 °C for 7.0 h, producing (R)-3a with 99.4% ees and 38.5 ± 1.2% yield. Additionally, the mechanism of PvEH3E134K/T137P with remarkably improved E value was analyzed by molecular docking simulation.
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- 2020
15. Mechanisms of GABAB receptor enhancement of extrasynaptic GABAA receptor currents in cerebellar granule cells
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Ying Yang, Wan-Chen Wu, Shailesh Khatri, and Jason R. Pugh
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0301 basic medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,GABAA receptor ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,GABAB receptor ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Crosstalk (biology) ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,nervous system ,Postsynaptic potential ,Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ,lcsh:Q ,Signal transduction ,lcsh:Science ,Receptor ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Intracellular - Abstract
Many neurons, including cerebellar granule cells, exhibit a tonic GABA current mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. This current is a critical regulator of firing and the target of many clinically relevant compounds. Using a combination of patch clamp electrophysiology and photolytic uncaging of RuBi-GABA we show that GABAB receptors are tonically active and enhance extrasynaptic GABAA receptor currents in cerebellar granule cells. This enhancement is not associated with meaningful changes in GABAA receptor potency, mean channel open-time, open probability, or single-channel current. However, there was a significant (~40%) decrease in the number of channels participating in the GABA uncaging current and an increase in receptor desensitization. Furthermore, we find that adenylate cyclase, PKA, CaMKII, and release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores are necessary for modulation of GABAA receptors. Overall, this work reveals crosstalk between postsynaptic GABAA and GABAB receptors and identifies the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved.
- Published
- 2019
16. Application of Multimodal Navigation together with Fluorescein Angiography in Microsurgical Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
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Zhenghui Sun, Jinli Jiang, Zhe Xue, Shiyu Feng, Yan-Yang Zhang, Yudong Ma, and Chen Wu
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Adult ,Indocyanine Green ,Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Microsurgery ,Adolescent ,lcsh:Medicine ,Multimodal Imaging ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Modified Rankin Scale ,medicine ,Humans ,Fluorescein Angiography ,Vein ,Child ,Coloring Agents ,lcsh:Science ,Retrospective Studies ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,Fluorescein angiography ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Cerebral Angiography ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Angiography ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Indocyanine green ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
This study aimed to explore the clinical applications of multimodal navigation combined with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescein angiography in microsurgical treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We retrospectively collected 52 patients with AVMs. Assisted by anatomic image, we reestablished three-dimensional structure using preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The operation for lesion resection was finished under the assistance of neuro-navigation. ICG fluorescein angiography was performed for 16 of the study subjects, meanwhile, FLOW800 was used to rebuild blood vessel color visual image. Brain angiography was performed 1 week after the operation to check residual malformations. The patients’ status was estimated by Modified Rankin Scale score. Of the AVMs, 92.3% (48/52) were totally removed, without severe side events. Among the patients, fluorescein angiography was carried out up to 58 times for 16 cases. All of these 16 cases were confirmed with malformations and 14 of them had draining vein. The total resection rate of these 16 cases reached 100%, and the occurrence rate of postoperative complications was not significantly increased. During the operation of lesion resection, the application of multimodal navigation could effectively protect functional cortex and conduction pathway.
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- 2017
17. Violet Laser Diode Enables Lighting Communication
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Tsai Chen Wu, Yu-Chieh Chi, Hao-Chung Kuo, Gong-Ru Lin, Li Yin Chen, Cheng-Ting Tsai, and Yu-Fang Huang
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Blue laser ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biasing ,Phosphor ,02 engineering and technology ,Color temperature ,Data rate ,Article ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,White light ,Optoelectronics ,lcsh:Q ,business ,lcsh:Science ,Diode - Abstract
Violet laser diode (VLD) based white-light source with high color rendering index (CRI) for lighting communication is implemented by covering with Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) or Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+/CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu) phosphorous diffuser plates. After passing the beam of VLD biased at 70 mA (~2I th ) through the YAG:Ce phosphorous diffuser, a daylight with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5068 K and a CRI of 65 is acquired to provide a forward error correction (FEC) certified data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. By using the VLD biased at 122 mA (~3.5I th ) to excite the LuAG:Ce/CASN:Eu phosphorous diffuser with 0.85-mm thickness, a warm white-light source with a CCT of 2700 K and a CRI of 87.9 is obtained at a cost of decreasing transmission capacity to 2.4 Gbit/s. Thinning the phosphor thickness to 0.75 mm effectively reduces the required bias current by 32 mA to achieve the same CCT for the delivered white light, which offers an enlarged CRI of 89.1 and an increased data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s. Further enlarging the bias current to 105 mA remains the white-light transmission capacity at 4.4 Gbit/s but reveals an increased CCT of 3023 K and an upgraded CRI of 91.5.
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- 2017
18. Mechanisms of GABA
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Shailesh N, Khatri, Wan-Chen, Wu, Ying, Yang, and Jason R, Pugh
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Male ,Neurons ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,Neurotransmitters ,Cytoplasmic Granules ,Receptors, GABA-A ,Ion channels in the nervous system ,Article ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,nervous system ,Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ,Receptors, GABA-B ,Cerebellum ,Synapses ,Animals ,Female ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - Abstract
Many neurons, including cerebellar granule cells, exhibit a tonic GABA current mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. This current is a critical regulator of firing and the target of many clinically relevant compounds. Using a combination of patch clamp electrophysiology and photolytic uncaging of RuBi-GABA we show that GABAB receptors are tonically active and enhance extrasynaptic GABAA receptor currents in cerebellar granule cells. This enhancement is not associated with meaningful changes in GABAA receptor potency, mean channel open-time, open probability, or single-channel current. However, there was a significant (~40%) decrease in the number of channels participating in the GABA uncaging current and an increase in receptor desensitization. Furthermore, we find that adenylate cyclase, PKA, CaMKII, and release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores are necessary for modulation of GABAA receptors. Overall, this work reveals crosstalk between postsynaptic GABAA and GABAB receptors and identifies the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved.
- Published
- 2019
19. Scalable Epitaxial Growth of WSe2 Thin Films on SiO2/Si via a Self-Assembled PtSe2 Buffer Layer
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Yuanmin Du, Pei-Chen Wu, Chun-Liang Yang, and Chih-Huang Lai
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0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,lcsh:Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Epitaxy ,Article ,Buffer (optical fiber) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Transition metal ,Electronic devices ,Thin film ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Synthesis and processing ,lcsh:R ,Tungsten film ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Scalability ,Optoelectronics ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Platinum ,Layer (electronics) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The growth of large-area epitaxial transition metal dichalgogenides (TMDCs) are of central importance for scalable integrated device applications. Different methods have been developed to achieve large-sized high quality films. However, reliable approaches for centimeter-sized or even wafer-level epitaxial growth of TMDCs are still lacking. Here we demonstrate a new method to grow inch-sized epitaxial WSe2 films on SiO2/Si substrates at a much lower temperature with high repeatability and scalability. High quality crystalline films are achieved through direct selenization of a tungsten film with platinum as the underlayer. The self-assembled PtSe2 buffer layer, formed during selenization, assists epitaxial growth of WSe2. Using fabricated WSe2 films, excellent performance memory devices are demonstrated. As a member of the TMDC family, our findings based on WSe2 may also be applied to other TMDC materials for large-scale production of high quality TMDC films for various applications.
- Published
- 2019
20. Early identification of esophageal squamous neoplasm by hyperspectral endoscopic imaging
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Yi-Ting Chen, Ming-Yen Lu, Hsiang-Chen Wang, Chie-Tong Kuo, Chun-Ping Jen, Ming-Tsang Wu, Yu-Yuan Tsai, Hao-Yi Syu, and I-Chen Wu
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Esophageal Neoplasms ,Endoscope ,Stage determination ,lcsh:Medicine ,Malignancy ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Complete resection ,Article ,Narrow Band Imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Endoscopic imaging ,Esophagus ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm ,lcsh:Science ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Endoscopy ,medicine.disease ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Esophageal squamous neoplasm presents a spectrum of different diatheses. A precise assessment for individualized treatment depends on the accuracy of the initial diagnosis. Detection relies on comprehensive and accurate white-light, iodine staining, and narrow-band imaging endoscopy. These methods have limitations in addition to its invasive nature and the potential risks related to the method. These limitations include difficulties in precise tumor delineation to enable complete resection, inflammation and malignancy differentiation, and stage determination. The resolution of these problems depends on the surgeon’s ability and experience with available technology for visualization and resection. We proposed a method for identifying early esophageal cancerous lesion by endoscopy and hyperspectral endoscopic imaging. Experimental result shows the characteristic spectrum of a normal esophagus, precancerous lesion, canceration, and intraepithelial papillary capillary loop can be identified through principal component score chart. The narrow-band imaging (NBI) image shows remarkable spectral characteristic distribution, and the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method are higher than those of other methods by ~0.8 and ~0.88, respectively. The proposed method enables the accurate visualization of target organs, it may be useful to capsule endoscope and telemedicine, which requires highly precise images for diagnosis.
- Published
- 2018
21. Spatial-temporal characteristics and the epidemiology of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome from 2007 to 2016 in Zhejiang Province, China
- Author
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Yujia Zhai, Junfen Lin, Qinbao Lu, Haocheng Wu, Zheyuan Ding, Xinyi Wang, Ming Xue, and Chen Wu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Autoregressive integrated moving average ,Time series ,lcsh:Science ,Spatial analysis ,Aged ,Multidisciplinary ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,lcsh:R ,Middle Aged ,Models, Theoretical ,Random effects model ,Spatial heterogeneity ,Geography ,Mean absolute percentage error ,Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ,Geographic Information Systems ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,Seasons ,Demography - Abstract
Zhejiang Province is one of the six provinces in China that has the highest incidence of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Data on HFRS cases in Zhejiang Province from January 2007 to July 2017 were obtained from the China Information Network System of Disease Prevention and Control. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to observe the trend of the incidence rate of HFRS. The monthly incidence rate was predicted by autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) models. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to detect geographic clusters. A multivariate time series model was employed to analyze heterogeneous transmission of HFRS. There were a total of 4,836 HFRS cases, with 15 fatal cases reported in Zhejiang Province, China in the last decade. Results show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the modelling performance and the forecasting performance of the ARIMA model were 27.53% and 16.29%, respectively. Male farmers and middle-aged patients account for the majority of the patient population. There were 54 high-high clusters and 1 high-low cluster identified at the county level. The random effect variance of the autoregressive component is 0.33; the spatio-temporal component is 1.30; and the endemic component is 2.45. According to the results, there was obvious spatial heterogeneity in the endemic component and spatio-temporal component but little spatial heterogeneity in the autoregressive component. A significant decreasing trend in the incidence rate was identified, and obvious clusters were discovered. Spatial heterogeneity in the factors driving HFRS transmission was discovered, which suggested that a targeted preventive effort should be considered in different districts based on their own main factors that contribute to the epidemics.
- Published
- 2018
22. Author Correction: Levels of Faecal Calprotectin and Magnetic Resonance Enterocolonography Correlate with Severity of Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- Author
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Lei Ye, Fang-yu Wang, Shao-dong Wang, Xing Lan, Wei Huang, Wei Cheng, Xiao-chen Wu, and Bi-qin Chen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Crohn's disease ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Faecal calprotectin ,Gastroenterology ,Internal medicine ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,business - Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
- Published
- 2018
23. Levels of Faecal Calprotectin and Magnetic Resonance Enterocolonography Correlate with Severity of Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- Author
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Shao-dong Wang, Wei Huang, Fang-yu Wang, Bi-qin Chen, Wei Cheng, Xing Lan, Xiao-chen Wu, and Lei Ye
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Science ,Gastroenterology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,In patient ,Author Correction ,Crohn's disease ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic resonance enterography ,Faecal calprotectin ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Calprotectin ,business - Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the usefulness of fecal calprotectin (FC) or magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in diagnosing active Crohn’s disease (CD) of the small bowel. In the study, we investigated the reliability of FC and MRE in assessing the activity of ileal CD and further explored the relationship between levels of FC and MRE scores. A total of 221 patients were diagnosed with ileal or ileo-colitis CD in our department between July 2012 and October 2016. The global magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) correlated with the simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD) (r = 0.527, P = 0.005). When analysed segment-by-segment, a significant correlation was still observed (r = 0.590, P
- Published
- 2017
24. Tricolor R/G/B Laser Diode Based Eye-Safe White Lighting Communication Beyond 8 Gbit/s
- Author
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Tsai-Chen Wu, Yu-Chieh Chi, Gong-Ru Lin, Huai-Yung Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, and Yu-Fang Huang
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0301 basic medicine ,Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Science ,Illuminance ,Visible light communication ,02 engineering and technology ,Color temperature ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Article ,Color rendering index ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Optics ,Interference (communication) ,Wavelength-division multiplexing ,Medicine ,RGB color model ,0210 nano-technology ,Frosted glass ,Telecommunications ,business - Abstract
White light generation by mixing red, green, and blue laser diodes (RGB LDs) was demonstrated with Commission International de l’Eclairage coordinates of (0.2928, 0.2981), a correlated color temperature of 8382 K, and a color rendering index of 54.4 to provide a maximal illuminance of 7540 lux. All the white lights generated using RGB LDs were set within the risk group-1 criterion to avoid the blue-light hazard to human eyes. In addition, the RGB-LD mixed white light was diffused using a frosted glass to avoid optical aberration and to improve the performance of the lighting source. In addition, visible light communication (VLC) by using RGB-LD mixed white-light carriers and a point-to-point scheme over 1 m was performed in the directly modulated 16-QAM OFDM data format. In back-to-back transmission, the maximal allowable data rate at 10.8, 10.4, and 8 Gbps was determined for R, G, and B LDs, respectively. Moreover, the RGB-LD mixed white light-based indoor wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-VLC system yielded a total allowable transmission data rate of 8.8 Gbps over 0.5 m in free space. Such a high-speed RGB-LD mixed WDM-VLC system without any channel interference can be used to simultaneously provide data transmission and white lighting in an indoor environment.
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
25. Blue Laser Diode Enables Underwater Communication at 12.4 Gbps
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Gong-Ru Lin, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Yu-Chieh Chi, Tsai-Chen Wu, and Huai-Yung Wang
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Physics ,Blue laser ,Multidisciplinary ,Laser diode ,business.industry ,Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,QAM ,Amplitude modulation ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Underwater acoustic communication ,Diode - Abstract
To enable high-speed underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) in tap-water and seawater environments over long distances, a 450-nm blue GaN laser diode (LD) directly modulated by pre-leveled 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) data was employed to implement its maximal transmission capacity of up to 10 Gbps. The proposed UWOC in tap water provided a maximal allowable communication bit rate increase from 5.2 to 12.4 Gbps with the corresponding underwater transmission distance significantly reduced from 10.2 to 1.7 m, exhibiting a bit rate/distance decaying slope of −0.847 Gbps/m. When conducting the same type of UWOC in seawater, light scattering induced by impurities attenuated the blue laser power, thereby degrading the transmission with a slightly higher decay ratio of 0.941 Gbps/m. The blue LD based UWOC enables a 16-QAM OFDM bit rate of up to 7.2 Gbps for transmission in seawater more than 6.8 m.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Author Correction: Control of in vivo ictogenesis via endogenous synaptic pathways
- Author
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Luna-Munguia, Hiram, primary, Starski, Phillip, additional, Chen, Wu, additional, Gliske, Stephen, additional, and Stacey, William C., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Simple and rapid direct cloning and heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic gene cluster in Bacillus subtilis via Red/ET recombineering
- Author
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Hailong Wang, Dingjun Li, Xiaoying Bian, Qiyao Shen, Qingshu Liu, Jun Fu, Chen Wu, Hanna Chen, Ping Lei, Zhaohui Guo, and Youming Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cloning ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,030106 microbiology ,Cloning vector ,Heterologous ,Bacillus subtilis ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Article ,Recombineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bacillomycin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Gene cluster ,Heterologous expression - Abstract
Heterologous expression of biosynthetic pathways is an important way to research and discover microbial natural products. Bacillus subtilis is a suitable host for the heterologous production of natural products from bacilli and related Firmicutes. Existing technologies for heterologous expression of large biosynthetic gene clusters in B. subtilis are complicated. Herein, we present a simple and rapid strategy for direct cloning based heterologous expression of biosynthetic pathways in B. subtilis via Red/ET recombineering, using a 5.2 kb specific direct cloning vector carrying homologous sequences to the amyE gene in B. subtilis and CcdB counterselection marker. Using a two-step procedure, two large biosynthetic pathways for edeine (48.3 kb) and bacillomycin (37.2 kb) from Brevibacillus brevis X23 and B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, respectively, were directly cloned and subsequently integrated into the chromosome of B. subtilis within one week. The gene cluster for bacillomycin was successfully expressed in the heterologous host, although edeine production was not detectable. Compared with similar technologies, this method offers a simpler and more feasible system for the discovery of natural products from bacilli and related genera.
- Published
- 2016
28. Urinary π-glutathione S-transferase Predicts Advanced Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiovascular Surgery
- Author
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Che-Hsiung Wu, Vin-Cent Wu, Pi-Ru Tsai, Kai-Hsiang Shu, Pei-Chen Wu, Li-Jung Tseng, Tao-Min Huang, Chih-Hsien Wang, Rory Connolly, and Chien-Heng Lai
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Urinary system ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Urine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Stage (cooking) ,Generalized estimating equation ,Aged ,Multidisciplinary ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures ,Acute kidney injury ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Surgery ,Glutathione S-Transferase pi ,ROC Curve ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Area Under Curve ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,SOFA score ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Urinary biomarkers augment the diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI), with AKI after cardiovascular surgeries being a prototype of prognosis scenario. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) were evaluated as biomarkers of AKI. Urine samples were collected in 141 cardiovascular surgical patients and analyzed for urinary alpha-(α-) and pi-(π-) GSTs. The outcomes of advanced AKI (KDIGO stage 2, 3) and all-cause in-patient mortality, as composite outcome, were recorded. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate generalized additive model (GAM) were applied to predict outcomes. Thirty-eight (26.9%) patients had AKI, while 12 (8.5%) were with advanced AKI. Urinary π-GST differentiated patients with/without advanced AKI or composite outcome after surgery (p
- Published
- 2016
29. Novel HDAd/EBV Reprogramming Vector and Highly Efficient Ad/CRISPR-Cas Sickle Cell Disease Gene Correction
- Author
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Chiao-Wang Sun, Tim M. Townes, Li-Chen Wu, Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran, Erik Westin, Dewang Zhou, Kevin M. Pawlik, Frederick D. Goldman, Ding Lei, and Chao Li
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Genetic enhancement ,Genetic Vectors ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Anemia, Sickle Cell ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Adenoviridae ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transduction (genetics) ,medicine ,Humans ,CRISPR ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,Cas9 ,Homozygote ,Genetic Therapy ,Virology ,Transplantation ,030104 developmental biology ,Cancer research ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Helper Viruses ,Reprogramming - Abstract
CRISPR/Cas enhanced correction of the sickle cell disease (SCD) genetic defect in patient-specific induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) provides a potential gene therapy for this debilitating disease. An advantage of this approach is that corrected iPSCs that are free of off-target modifications can be identified before differentiating the cells into hematopoietic progenitors for transplantation. In order for this approach to be practical, iPSC generation must be rapid and efficient. Therefore, we developed a novel helper-dependent adenovirus/Epstein-Barr virus (HDAd/EBV) hybrid reprogramming vector, rCLAE-R6, that delivers six reprogramming factors episomally. HDAd/EBV transduction of keratinocytes from SCD patients resulted in footprint-free iPSCs with high efficiency. Subsequently, the sickle mutation was corrected by delivering CRISPR/Cas9 with adenovirus followed by nucleoporation with a 70 nt single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) correction template. Correction efficiencies of up to 67.9% (βA/[βS+βA]) were obtained. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of corrected iPSC lines demonstrated no CRISPR/Cas modifications in 1467 potential off-target sites and no modifications in tumor suppressor genes or other genes associated with pathologies. These results demonstrate that adenoviral delivery of reprogramming factors and CRISPR/Cas provides a rapid and efficient method of deriving gene-corrected, patient-specific iPSCs for therapeutic applications.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Manipulating Ce Valence in RE2Fe14B Tetragonal Compounds by La-Ce Co-doping: Resultant Crystallographic and Magnetic Anomaly
- Author
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Mi Yan, Jiaying Jin, Tianyu Ma, Yujing Zhang, Guohua Bai, Bao-gen Shen, Chen Wu, and Zeyu Qian
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Steric effects ,Multidisciplinary ,Valence (chemistry) ,Materials science ,Doping ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Crystallography ,Tetragonal crystal system ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Lattice (order) ,Magnet ,0103 physical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,Magnetic anomaly - Abstract
Abundant and low-cost Ce has attracted considerable interest as a prospective alternative for those critically relied Nd/Pr/Dy/Tb in the 2:14:1-type permanent magnets. The (Nd, Ce)2Fe14B compound with inferior intrinsic magnetic properties to Nd2Fe14B, however, cannot provide an equivalent magnetic performance. Since Ce valence is sensitive to local steric environment, manipulating it towards the favorable trivalent state provides a way to enhance the magnetic properties. Here we report that such a desirable Ce valence can be induced by La-Ce co-doping into [(Pr, Nd)1−x(La, Ce)x]2.14Fe14B (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) compounds via strip casting. As verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, Ce valence shifts towards the magnetically favorable Ce3+ state in the composition range of x > 0.3, owing to the co-doping of large radius La3+ into 2:14:1 phase lattice. As a result, both crystallographic and magnetic anomalies are observed in the same vicinity of x = 0.3, above which lattice parameters a and c and saturation magnetization Ms increase simultaneously. Over the whole doping range, 2:14:1 tetragonal structure forms and keeps stable even at 1250 K. This finding may shed light on obtaining a favorable Ce valence via La-Ce co-doping, thus maintaining the intrinsic magnetic properties of 2:14:1-type permanent magnets.
- Published
- 2016
31. Proteinuria as a Therapeutic Target in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: a Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
- Author
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Pei-Chen Wu, Hon-Yen Wu, Chih-Kang Chiang, Chung-Wei Yang, Szu-Chun Hung, Wei-Chih Kan, Chieh-Li Wang, Chang-Hsu Chen, Kuan-Yu Hung, Jenq-Wen Huang, and Feng-Jung Yang
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Urology ,Taiwan ,Renal function ,Disease ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Dialysis ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,Proteinuria ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,business.industry ,urogenital system ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Surgery ,Creatinine ,Cohort ,Disease Progression ,Linear Models ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cohort study ,Kidney disease ,Glomerular Filtration Rate - Abstract
Current evidence of proteinuria reduction as a surrogate target in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incomplete due to lack of patient-pooled database. We retrospectively studied a multicenter cohort of 1891 patients who were enrolled in the nationwide multidisciplinary pre-end stage renal disease care program with a baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 2 and followed longitudinally to investigate the effect of the change in proteinuria on renal death (defined as composite of dialysis and death occurring before initiation of dialysis). The group with a change in proteinuria ≤0.30 g/g (n = 1261) had lower cumulative probabilities of renal death (p
- Published
- 2016
32. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 1 improves the detection and survival prediction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Author
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Ming-Tsang Wu, Yi-Chun Hung, Yu-Kuei Chen, Shah-Hwa Chou, Chun Wei Tung, Jui-Ying Lee, Hung-Shun Lin, Chien-Hung Lee, and I-Chen Wu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Microarray ,MMP1 ,Esophageal Neoplasms ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biology ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ,Gastroenterology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plasma ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,neoplasms ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Multidisciplinary ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Survival Analysis ,Protein markers ,digestive system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Expression data ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 - Abstract
This study aimed to identify noninvasive protein markers capable of detecting the presence and prognosis of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC). Analyzing microarray expression data collected from 17-pair ESCC specimens, we identified one protein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), as a possibly useful marker. Plasma MMP1 was then measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 210 ESCC patients and 197 healthy controls. ESCC patients had higher mean levels of MMP1 than controls (8.7 ± 7.5 vs. 6.7 ± 4.9 ng/mL, p 9.67 ng/mL had a 48% increase in the risk of ESCC death (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.04–2.10). In conclusion, plasma MMP1 may serve as a noninvasive marker of detecting the presence and predicting the survival of ESCC.
- Published
- 2016
33. Structural, electron transportation and magnetic behavior transition of metastable FeAlO granular films
- Author
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Mi Yan, Chen Wu, Guohua Bai, and Jiaying Jin
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Percolation threshold ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Amorphous solid ,Pulsed laser deposition ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,0103 physical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,Temperature coefficient - Abstract
Metal-insulator granular film is technologically important for microwave applications. It has been challenging to obtain simultaneous high electrical resistivity and large saturation magnetization due to the balance of insulating non-magnetic and metallic magnetic components. FeAlO granular films satisfying both requirements have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The as-deposited film exhibits a high resistivity of 3700 μΩ∙cm with a negative temperature coefficient despite that Fe content (0.77) exceeds the percolation threshold. This originates from its unique microstructure containing amorphous Fe nanoparticles embedded in Al2O3 network. By optimizing the annealing conditions, superior electromagnetic properties with enhanced saturation magnetization (>1.05 T), high resistivity (>1200 μΩ∙cm) and broadened Δf (>3.0 GHz) are obtained. Phase separation with Al2O3 aggregating as inclusions in crystallized Fe(Al) matrix is observed after annealing at 673 K, resulting in a metallic-like resistivity. We provide a feasible way to achieve both high resistivity and large saturation magnetization for the FeAlO films with dominating metallic component and show that the microstructure can be tuned for desirable performance.
- Published
- 2016
34. Dynamics of spinal microglia repopulation following an acute depletion
- Author
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Qiu Zi Yang, Yves De Koninck, Ji Zhang, Guan Yun Frances Wang, Stefania Echeverry, Yi Chen Wu, Yao Yao, Kai-Yuan Fu, Julien Chambon, Xiang Qun Shi, and Mu Yang
- Subjects
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,CCR2 ,Inflammation ,Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Peripheral Nerve Injuries ,medicine ,Animals ,Neuroinflammation ,Multidisciplinary ,Microglia ,Immunotoxins ,Monocyte ,Spinal cord ,Saporins ,Sciatic Nerve ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,nervous system ,Immunology ,Peripheral nerve injury ,Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 ,Neuralgia ,Sciatic nerve ,medicine.symptom ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Our understanding on the function of microglia has been revolutionized in the recent 20 years. However, the process of maintaining microglia homeostasis has not been fully understood. In this study, we dissected the features of spinal microglia repopulation following an acute partial depletion. By injecting intrathecally Mac-1-saporin, a microglia selective immunotoxin, we ablated 50% microglia in the spinal cord of naive mice. Spinal microglia repopulated rapidly and local homeostasis was re-established within 14 days post-depletion. Mac-1-saporin treatment resulted in microglia cell proliferation and circulating monocyte infiltration. The latter is indeed part of an acute, transient inflammatory reaction that follows cell depletion and was characterized by an increase in the expression of inflammatory molecules and by the breakdown of the blood spinal cord barrier. During this period, microglia formed cell clusters and exhibited a M1-like phenotype. MCP-1/CCR2 signaling was essential in promoting this depletion associated spinal inflammatory reaction. Interestingly, ruling out MCP-1-mediated secondary inflammation, including blocking recruitment of monocyte-derived microglia, did not affect depletion-triggered microglia repopulation. Our results also demonstrated that newly generated microglia kept their responsiveness to peripheral nerve injury and their contribution to injury-associated neuropathic pain was not significantly altered.
- Published
- 2016
35. Risk of liver injury after α-glucosidase inhibitor therapy in advanced chronic kidney disease patients
- Author
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Pei Chen Wu, Che-Hsiung Wu, Vin-Cent Wu, Hsi Hsien Chen, Mai Szu Wu, Chih Chin Kao, and Li Kwang Chen
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Gastroenterology ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Risk Factors ,law ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Medical prescription ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Liver injury ,Multidisciplinary ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,α glucosidase ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Postprandial ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Although α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are commonly used for controlling postprandial blood glucose, AGIs-induced liver injuries have been reported. However, the relationship between AGIs and liver injuries in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains unexplored. In this nationwide case-control study, we recruited 1765 advanced diabetic CKD patients, who received AGIs therapy from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2010 as the study sample and 5295 matched controls. Recent and former AGIs users were defined as patients who received the AGIs prescription for 30–60 d and 30–210 d before the event of liver injury. The risk of AGIs-induced liver injury was examined using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model. Liver injury occurred in 3.9% of patients in the study group and 3.3% of patients in the control group. AGIs use did not increase the risk of liver injury in advanced CKD patients (P = 0.19). The stratified analysis indicated no increased risk of liver injury in all AGIs-using subgroups (all P > 0.05). The available evidence supports extending the use of AGIs without increasing the risk of liver injury in patients with advanced CKD. Additional randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm our results.
- Published
- 2016
36. Perioperative statin administration with decreased risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation, but not acute kidney injury or myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis
- Author
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Zhen-Han, Li, primary, Rui, Shi, additional, Dan, Chen, additional, Xiao-Li, Zhou, additional, Qing-Chen, Wu, additional, and Bo, Feng, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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37. Outbreak and genotyping of canine distemper virus in captive Siberian tigers and red pandas
- Author
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Zhang, He, primary, Shan, Fen, additional, Zhou, Xia, additional, Li, Bing, additional, Zhai, Jun-Qiong, additional, Zou, Shu-Zhan, additional, Wu, Meng-Fan, additional, Chen, Wu, additional, Zhai, Shao-Lun, additional, and Luo, Man-Lin, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Control of in vivo ictogenesis via endogenous synaptic pathways
- Author
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Luna-Munguia, Hiram, primary, Starski, Phillip, additional, Chen, Wu, additional, Gliske, Stephen, additional, and Stacey, William C., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Intraluminal pressure patterns in the human colon assessed by high-resolution manometry
- Author
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Chen, Ji-Hong, primary, Yu, Yuanjie, additional, Yang, Zixian, additional, Yu, Wen-Zhen, additional, Chen, Wu Lan, additional, Yu, Hui, additional, Kim, Marie Jeong-Min, additional, Huang, Min, additional, Tan, Shiyun, additional, Luo, Hesheng, additional, Chen, Jianfeng, additional, Chen, Jiande D. Z., additional, and Huizinga, Jan D., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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40. Chrna7 deficient mice manifest no consistent neuropsychiatric and behavioral phenotypes
- Author
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Yin, Jiani, primary, Chen, Wu, additional, Yang, Hongxing, additional, Xue, Mingshan, additional, and Schaaf, Christian P., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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41. Calcitonin attenuates cartilage degeneration and nociception in an experimental rat model of osteoarthritis: role of TGF-β in chondrocytes
- Author
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Wen, Zhi-Hong, primary, Tang, Chi-Chieh, additional, Chang, Yi-Chen, additional, Huang, Shi-Ying, additional, Lin, Yen-You, additional, Hsieh, Shih-Peng, additional, Lee, Hsin-Pai, additional, Lin, Sung-Chun, additional, Chen, Wu-Fu, additional, and Jean, Yen-Hsuan, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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42. DNA repair phenotype and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 case–control studies
- Author
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Hui-Chen Wu, Rebecca Kehm, Regina M. Santella, David J. Brenner, and Mary Beth Terry
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract DNA repair phenotype can be measured in blood and may be a potential biomarker of cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies of DNA repair phenotype and cancer through March 2021. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) of cancer risk for those with the lowest DNA repair capacity compared with those with the highest capacity. We included 55 case–control studies that evaluated 12 different cancers using 10 different DNA repair assays. The pooled OR of cancer risk (all cancer types combined) was 2.92 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.49, 3.43) for the lowest DNA repair. Lower DNA repair was associated with all studied cancer types, and pooled ORs (95% CI) ranged from 2.02 (1.43, 2.85) for skin cancer to 7.60 (3.26, 17.72) for liver cancer. All assays, except the homologous recombination repair assay, showed statistically significant associations with cancer. The effect size ranged from 1.90 (1.00, 3.60) for the etoposide-induced double-strand break assay to 5.06 (3.67, 6.99) for the γ-H2AX assay. The consistency and strength of the associations support the use of these phenotypic biomarkers; however large-scale prospective studies will be important for understanding their use related to age and screening initiation.
- Published
- 2022
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43. Wounding response in Porifera (sponges) activates ancestral signaling cascades involved in animal healing, regeneration, and cancer
- Author
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Yu-Chen Wu, Soeren Franzenburg, Marta Ribes, and Lucía Pita
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Upon injury, the homeostatic balance that ensures tissue function is disrupted. Wound-induced signaling triggers the recovery of tissue integrity and offers a context to understand the molecular mechanisms for restoring tissue homeostasis upon disturbances. Marine sessile animals are particularly vulnerable to chronic wounds caused by grazers that can compromise prey’s health. Yet, in comparison to other stressors like warming or acidification, we know little on how marine animals respond to grazing. Marine sponges (Phylum Porifera) are among the earliest-diverging animals and play key roles in the ecosystem; but they remain largely understudied. Here, we investigated the transcriptomic responses to injury caused by a specialist spongivorous opisthobranch (i.e., grazing treatment) or by clipping with a scalpel (i.e., mechanical damage treatment), in comparison to control sponges. We collected samples 3 h, 1 d, and 6 d post-treatment for differential gene expression analysis on RNA-seq data. Both grazing and mechanical damage activated a similar transcriptomic response, including a clotting-like cascade (e.g., with genes annotated as transglutaminases, metalloproteases, and integrins), calcium signaling, and Wnt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Wound-induced gene expression signature in sponges resembles the initial steps of whole-body regeneration in other animals. Also, the set of genes responding to wounding in sponges included putative orthologs of cancer-related human genes. Further insights can be gained from taking sponge wound healing as an experimental system to understand how ancient genes and regulatory networks determine healthy animal tissues.
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- 2022
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44. Restoration of dysnatremia and acute kidney injury benefits outcomes of acute geriatric inpatients
- Author
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Yu-Hsiang Chou, Feng-Ping Lu, Jen-Hau Chen, Chiung-Jung Wen, Kun-Pei Lin, Yi-Chun Chou, Meng-Chen Wu, and Yung-Ming Chen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Dysnatremia and dyskalemia are common problems in acutely hospitalized elderly patients. These disorders are associated with an increased risk of mortality and functional complications that often occur concomitantly with acute kidney injury in addition to multiple comorbidities. In a single-center prospective observational study, we recruited 401 acute geriatric inpatients. In-hospital outcomes included all-cause mortality, length of stay, and changes in functional status as determined by the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance, and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). The prevalence of dysnatremia alone, dyskalemia alone, and dysnatremia plus dyskalemia during initial hospitalization were 28.4%, 14.7% and 32.4%, respectively. Patients with electrolyte imbalance exhibited higher mortality rates and longer hospital stays than those without electrolyte imbalance. Those with initial dysnatremia, or dysnatremia plus dyskalemia were associated with worse ADL scores, ECOG performance and CFS scores at discharge. Subgroup analyses showed that resolution of dysnatremia was related to reduced mortality risk and improved CFS score, whereas recovery of renal function was associated with decreased mortality and better ECOG and CFS ratings. Our data suggest that restoration of initial dysnatremia and acute kidney injury during acute geriatric care may benefit in-hospital survival and functional status at discharge.
- Published
- 2021
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45. CBF oscillations induced by trigeminal nerve stimulation protect the pericontusional penumbra in traumatic brain injury complicated by hemorrhagic shock
- Author
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Chunyan Li, Kevin A. Shah, Keren Powell, Yi-Chen Wu, Wayne Chaung, Anup N. Sonti, Timothy G. White, Mohini Doobay, Weng-Lang Yang, Ping Wang, Lance B. Becker, and Raj K. Narayan
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Traumatic peri-contusional penumbra represents crucial targets for therapeutic interventions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current resuscitative approaches may not adequately alleviate impaired cerebral microcirculation and, hence, compromise oxygen delivery to peri-contusional areas. Low-frequency oscillations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may improve cerebral oxygenation in the setting of oxygen deprivation. However, no method has been reported to induce controllable oscillations in CBF and it hasn’t been applied as a therapeutic strategy. Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve (TNS) plays a pivotal role in modulating cerebrovascular tone and cerebral perfusion. We hypothesized that TNS can modulate CBF at the targeted frequency band via the trigemino-cerebrovascular network, and TNS-induced CBF oscillations would improve cerebral oxygenation in peri-contusional areas. In a rat model of TBI complicated by hemorrhagic shock, TNS-induced CBF oscillations conferred significant preservation of peri-contusional tissues leading to reduced lesion volume, attenuated hypoxic injury and neuroinflammation, increased eNOS expression, improved neurological recovery and better 10-day survival rate, despite not significantly increasing CBF as compared with those in immediate and delayed resuscitation animals. Our findings indicate that low-frequency CBF oscillations enhance cerebral oxygenation in peri-contusional areas, and play a more significant protective role than improvements in non-oscillatory cerebral perfusion or volume expansion alone.
- Published
- 2021
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46. Lactobacillus fermentum PS150 promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep in the first night effect of mice
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Alexander Lin, Ching-Ting Shih, Hsu-Feng Chu, Chieh-Wen Chen, Yu-Ting Cheng, Chien-Chen Wu, Cheryl C. H. Yang, and Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The first night effect (FNE) is a type of sleep disturbance caused by an unfamiliar environment, which leads to difficulty falling asleep and reduced sleep duration. Previously, we reported that Lactobacillus fermentum PS150 (PS150) improves sleep conditions in a pentobarbital-induced sleep mouse model. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PS150 on the FNE in mice. Briefly, mice were implanted with electrodes and orally administered PS150 for four weeks, and then the FNE was induced by cage changing. Analysis of polysomnographic signals revealed that intervention with PS150 restored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep length under the FNE. Compared to diphenhydramine, a commonly used sleep aid, PS150 had no unwanted side effects, such as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation and fragmented sleep. Moreover, temporal analysis revealed that PS150 efficiently reduced both sleep latency and time spent restoring normal levels of REM sleep. Taken together, these results suggest that PS150 efficiently ameliorates sleep disturbance caused by the FNE. Additionally, V3–V4 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant increases in Erysipelotrichia, Actinobacteria, and Coriobacteriia in fecal specimens of the PS150-treated group, indicating that PS150 induces gut microbiota remodeling.
- Published
- 2021
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47. Reproductive and environmental exposures and the breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women
- Author
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Hui-Chen Wu, Hwai-I. Yang, Po-Han Lin, Chien-Jen Chen, Regina M. Santella, and Mary Beth Terry
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Breast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing around the globe, including in Taiwan, though the cause of the increasing incidence is less clear. We followed up 11,296 Taiwanese females who did not have BC at baseline, and ascertained new invasive BC (N = 351) through data linkage to the National Cancer Registry from 1991 to 2018 to examine whether reproductive, lifestyle and environmental risk factors including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were associated with BC risk. We conducted a nested case–control study using baseline blood available from a total of 305 women with BC and 598 women without BC matched on time in cohort. We examined the association of PAH-albumin adducts and BC risk using conditional logistic regression models. Age at menarche (HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for ≥ 15 vs.
- Published
- 2021
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48. Higher CD4/CD8 ratio of pleural effusion predicts better survival for lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
- Author
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Po-Hsin Lee, Tsung-Ying Yang, Kun-Chieh Chen, Yen-Hsiang Huang, Jeng-Sen Tseng, Kuo-Hsuan Hsu, Yu-Chen Wu, Ko-Jiunn Liu, and Gee-Chen Chang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Pleural effusion is a rare immune-related adverse event for lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We enrolled 281 lung cancer patients treated with ICIs and 17 were analyzed. We categorized the formation of pleural effusion into 3 patterns: type 1, rapid and massive; type 2, slow and indolent; and type 3, with disease progression. CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.93 was selected as the cutoff threshold to predict survival. Most patients of types 1 and 2 effusions possessed pleural effusion with CD4/CD8 ratios ≥ 1.93. The median OS time in type 1, 2, and 3 patients were not reached, 24.8, and 2.6 months, respectively. The median PFS time in type 1, 2, and 3 patients were 35.5, 30.2, and 1.4 months, respectively. The median OS for the group with pleural effusion CD4/CD8 ≥ 1.93 and
- Published
- 2021
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49. Angiotensin-(1–7) treatment blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced organ damage, platelet dysfunction, and IL-6 and nitric oxide production in rats
- Author
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Hsin-Jung Tsai, Chih-Chin Shih, Kuang-Yi Chang, Mei-Hui Liao, Wen-Jinn Liaw, Chin-Chen Wu, and Cheng-Ming Tsao
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Sepsis can lead to shock, multiple organ failure, and even death. Platelets play an active role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7), a biologically active peptide, counteracts various effects of Ang II and attenuates inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis. We evaluated the effects of Ang-(1–7) on organ injury and platelet dysfunction in rats with endotoxaemia. We treated male Wistar rats with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg, intravenously) then Ang-(1–7) (1 mg/kg, intravenous infusion for 3 h beginning 30 min after LPS administration). We analysed several haemodynamic, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters, as well as platelet counts and aggregation. Ang-(1–7) improved hypotension and organ dysfunction, and attenuated plasma interleukin-6, chemokines and nitric oxide production in rats after LPS administration. The LPS-induced reduction in platelet aggregation, but not the decreased platelet count, was restored after Ang-(1–7) treatment. The protein expression of iNOS and IκB, but not phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, was diminished in Ang-(1–7)-treated LPS rats. The histological changes in liver and lung were significantly attenuated in Ang-(1–7)-treated LPS rats. Our results suggest that Ang-(1–7) ameliorates endotoxaemic-induced organ injury and platelet dysfunction, likely through the inhibition of the inflammatory response and nitric oxide production.
- Published
- 2021
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50. Opisthobranch grazing results in mobilisation of spherulous cells and re-allocation of secondary metabolites in the sponge Aplysina aerophoba
- Author
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Yu-Chen Wu, María García-Altares, Berta Pintó, Marta Ribes, Ute Hentschel, and Lucía Pita
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Sponges thrive in marine benthic communities due to their specific and diverse chemical arsenal against predators and competitors. Yet, some animals specifically overcome these defences and use sponges as food and home. Most research on sponge chemical ecology has characterised crude extracts and investigated defences against generalist predators like fish. Consequently, we know little about chemical dynamics in the tissue and responses to specialist grazers. Here, we studied the response of the sponge Aplysina aerophoba to grazing by the opisthobranch Tylodina perversa, in comparison to mechanical damage, at the cellular (via microscopy) and chemical level (via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry, MALDI-imaging MS). We characterised the distribution of two major brominated alkaloids in A. aerophoba, aerophobin-2 and aeroplysinin-1, and identified a generalised wounding response that was similar in both wounding treatments: (i) brominated compound-carrying cells (spherulous cells) accumulated at the wound and (ii) secondary metabolites reallocated to the sponge surface. Upon mechanical damage, the wound turned dark due to oxidised compounds, causing T. perversa deterrence. During grazing, T. perversa’s way of feeding prevented oxidation. Thus, the sponge has not evolved a specific response to this specialist predator, but rather relies on rapid regeneration and flexible allocation of constitutive defences.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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