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Abstract One of the greatest strengths of Drosophila genetics is its easily observable and selectable phenotypic markers. The mini-white marker has been widely used as a transgenic marker for Drosophila transgenesis. Flies carrying a mini-white construct can exhibit various eye colors ranging from pale orange to intense red, depending on the insertion site and gene dosage. Because the two copies of the mini-white marker show a stronger orange color, this is often used for selecting progenies carrying two transgenes together in a single chromosome after chromosomal recombination. However, some GAL4 lines available in the fly community originally have very strong red eyes. Without employing another marker, such as GFP, generating a recombinant chromosome with the strong red-eyed GAL4 and a desired UAS-transgene construct may be difficult. Therefore, we decided to change the red eyes of GAL4 lines to orange color. To change the eye color of the fly, we tested the CRISPR/Cas9 method with a guide RNA targeting the white gene with OK371-GAL4 and elav-GAL4. After a simple screening, we have successfully obtained multiple lines of orange-eyed OK371-GAL4 and elav-GAL4 that still maintain their original expression patterns. All of these simple experiments were performed by undergraduate students, allowing them to learn about a variety of different genetic experiments and genome editing while contributing to the fly research community by creating fruit fly lines that will be used in real-world research.

Abstract Fibre transport of multi-dimensional photonic quantum states promises high information capacity per photon without space restriction. This work experimentally demonstrates transmission of spatial ququarts through multi-core optical fibres and measurement of the entanglement between two fibres with quantum state analyzers, each composed of a spatial light modulator and a single-mode fibre. Quantum state tomography reconstructs the four-dimension entangled state that verifies the nonlocality through concurrences in two-dimensional subspaces, a lower bound of four-dimensional concurrence and a Bell-type CGLMP inequality.