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Abstract The safety and impact of embryo vitrification as a more reliable approach for cryopreservation in assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) on the nervous system is uncertain. This study was aimed to investigate the expression level of imprinting genes in the hippocampus of offspring derived from vitrified embryo transfer. The hippocampus of the 2-day-old offspring from three experimental groups included vitrification (blastocysts derived from vitrified embryos), sham (the embryos at the blastocyst stage obtained through in vitro fertilization (IVF)) and control was removed for molecular, histological and behavioral analysis. There was no statistically noteworthy difference in survival, cleavage and blastocysts rate between vitrification and sham groups. Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, 3b and Igf2 upregulated in the vitrified group compared to the sham and control groups. The gene expression level of Meg3 declined dramatically and the intensity of DNA methylation in CpG island of Meg3 significantly elevated in the vitrification group. A notable disparity was observed in the quantity of dark neurons in the hippocampus of the offspring, spatial learning and memory abilities between the control and vitrification groups. According to these results, embryo vitrification may alters gene expression in brain hippocampus tissue and disturbs genomic imprinting, dark neuron formation and spatial memory.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, presenting a significant challenge due to the lack of effective therapies. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have shown promising potential in preclinical studies as a therapy for TBI. However, their application is limited by challenges related to poor survival and integration within the injured brain. This study investigated the effect of a novel nano-scaffold containing stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) on NSC behavior and synaptogenesis after TBI. Using an innovative design, we successfully fabricated a nano-scaffold with Young’s modulus of approximately 3.21 kPa, which aligns closely with the mechanical properties exhibited by neural tissue. This achievement marks the first time such a scaffold has been created and has promising implications for its potential use in neural tissue engineering applications. Our findings demonstrate that the nano-scaffold enhances NSC proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity in vitro. Moreover, when transplanted into the injured brain, the nano-scaffold promotes the survival and integration of NSCs, leading to increased synaptogenesis and functional recovery. These findings suggest that using the novel nano-scaffold containing SDF-1 could provide a promising approach to treating TBI by improving NSC behavior and promoting synaptogenesis.

Abstract In this paper, a new ultra-high voltage gain quadratic DC-DC converter based on coupled-inductor is introduced for renewable energy applications. In this presented topology, a two-winding coupled-inductor along with voltage multiplier cells are combined with a quadratic boost converter to enhance the voltage gain ratio. The main features of the suggested converter are its ultra-high voltage conversion ratio, low voltage stress across switching devices, continuous input current with low ripple, and common ground between the input source and output sides. Moreover, the current sharing of the high DC source current between the coupled-inductor and another input inductor leads to the reduction of the overall power losses of the magnetic components of this circuit. Furthermore, the voltage maximum stresses on the switches of this converter are mitigated with the help of regenerative passive clamp circuits. The operating principle, the steady-state DC analysis, comparison study along with the efficiency analysis of the introduced topology are presented in detail. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is justified with the help of a 200 W (25 V-400 V) laboratory sample prototype.

Abstract The relationship between lifestyle choices and health outcomes has received significant scholarly attention. Research indicates that factors such as obesity, insufficient physical activity, tobacco use, and poor dietary habits may elevate the odds of developing metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between the combined healthy lifestyle score (HLS) and the odds of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated components in a population of apparently healthy adults. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Dena PERSIAN cohort, which comprised 2,971 healthy adults. Participants’ combined HLS were evaluated using validated questionnaires that assessed body mass index (BMI), physical activity level (PAL), smoking status, and dietary quality. The evaluation of dietary nutritional quality was conducted using the most recent version of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), known as HEI-2020. The combined HLS was measured on a scale ranging from zero, indicating an unhealthy lifestyle, to four, representing the healthiest lifestyle. Individuals with the highest combined HLS score had 81% lower odds of having MetS compared to those with the lowest score (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11–0.33). Higher combined HLS scores were significantly associated with decreased odds of abdominal adiposity (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.07–0.18), abnormal glucose homeostasis (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35–0.86), elevated serum triglycerides (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26–0.67), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24–0.65) after adjusting for sex, age, education level, and marital status (P

Abstract Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is characterized by early repolarization of the myocardium originating from Purkinje fibers. PVC may occur in individuals who are otherwise healthy. However, it may be associated with some pathological conditions. In this research the association between hematological factors and PVC was studied. In this study, 9,035 participants were enrolled in the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. The association of hematological factors with PVC was evaluated using different machine learning (ML) algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), C5.0, and boosting decision tree (DT). The dataset was divided into training and test, and each model’s performance was appraised on the test dataset. All data analyses used SPSS version 26 and SPSS Modeler 10. The results show that the Boosting DT was the most effective algorithm. Boosting DT had an accuracy of 98.13% and 96.92% for males and females respectively. According to the models, RDW and PLT were the most significant hematological factors for both males and females. WBC, PDW, and HCT for males and RBC, MCV, and MXD for females were also important. Some hematological factors associated with PVC were found using ML models. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in other populations, considering the novelty of the exploration of the relationship between hematological parameters and PVC.

Abstract Tendon injuries present significant medical, social, and economic challenges globally. Despite advancements in tendon injury repair techniques, outcomes remain suboptimal due to inferior tissue quality and functionality. Tissue engineering offers a promising avenue for tendon regeneration, with biocompatible scaffolds playing a crucial role. Ostrich eggshell membrane (ESM), characterized by a strong preferential orientation of calcite crystals, forms a semipermeable polymer network with excellent mechanical properties compared to membranes from other bird species, emerging as a potential natural scaffold candidate. Coupled with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), known for its regenerative properties, ESM holds promise for improving tendon repair. This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility and efficacy of an ESM-PRP scaffold in treating Achilles tendon ruptures, employing in vitro and in vivo assessments to gauge its potential in tendon regeneration in living organisms. Ostrich ESM was prepared from pathogen-free ostrich eggs, sterilized with UV radiation and prepared in desired dimensions before implantation (1.5 × 1 cm). High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) was utilized to visualize the sample morphology and fiber bonding. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed using the MTT assay and DAPI staining, while in vivo biocompatibility was evaluated in a rat model. For the in vivo Achilles tendinopathy assay, rats were divided into groups and subjected to AT rupture followed by treatment with ESM, PRP, or a combination. SEM was employed to evaluate tendon morphology, and real-time PCR was conducted to analyze gene expression levels. The in vivo assay indicated that the ESM scaffold was safe for an extended period of 8 weeks, showing no signs of inflammation based on histopathological analysis. In the Achilles tendon rupture model, combining ESM with PRP enhanced tendon healing after 14 weeks post-surgery. This finding was supported by histopathological, morphological, and mechanical evaluations of tendon tissues compared to normal tendons, untreated tendinopathy, and injured tendons treated with the ESM scaffold. Gene expression analysis revealed significantly increased expression of Col1a1, Col3a1, bFGF, Scleraxis (Scx), and tenomodulin in the ESM-PRP groups. The findings of our study demonstrate that the combination of Ostrich ESM with PRP significantly enhances AT repair and is a biocompatible scaffold for the application in living organisms.

Abstract Education for patients with type 2 diabetes is an essential part of the treatment and control process. This study aimed to determine the effect of education based on health literacy strategies on adherence to treatment and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients. This classic experimental study was performed on 94 patients with type 2 diabetes selected by convenient sampling method and then randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The research instruments were a demographic information questionnaire, a Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory, and an adherence to treatment questionnaire in patients with chronic disease. The educational intervention was five sessions of the virtual class of 80–90 min. All respondents completed the tools again two months after the intervention. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. The difference in the mean score of quality of life in the intervention group between the time before (53.21 ± 7.6) the intervention and two months after (55.28 ± 6.87) was statistically significant (p˂0.05). Comparison of the mean score of quality of life between the control and intervention groups, before the intervention (p > 0.05) and two months after (p > 0.05), neither showed a statistically significant difference. A comparison of the mean scores of adherence to treatment before (69.31 ± 5.32) and after the intervention (70.59 ± 5.21) showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the intervention group (p˂0.001). Comparison of the mean scores of adherence two months after the intervention revealed that, there is a significant statistical difference between the scores of the two groups (p˂ 0.001). Based on the findings of this study, it seems that providing training sessions based on health literacy strategies can improve the quality of life and adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract In maize breeding, enhancing yield through genetic insights is crucial yet challenged by the complex interplay of agronomic traits. This study utilized a diallel mating design involving nine advanced early maize lines to dissect the genetic architecture underlying key agronomic traits and their impact on yield. Over two consecutive years (2018–2019 and 2019–2020), 36 hybrids derived from these lines were grown across two locations, Karaj, Alborz, Iran and Kermanshah (2019–2020), Iran, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study aimed to evaluate the general combining ability of the parental lines and the specific combining ability of their hybrids, alongside the mutual influences of critical traits on yield. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences at 1% and 5% probability levels among the hybrids for all traits studied, indicating substantial genetic variability. Diallel analysis suggested that both additive and non-additive genetic effects are crucial in controlling traits such as kernel yield, kernel rows, kernel in row, 1000 kernel weight, plant height, ear height, kernel moisture, and ear wood. Additive effects, as indicated by the Baker’s ratio, predominated for these traits. Among the parental lines, KE 79,017/3211 demonstrated the strongest general combining ability for kernel yield. Hybrids K 1264/5–1 × KE 76,009/311, KE 77,005/2 × KE 75,016/321, KE 77,008/1 × KE 77,004/1, and KE 77,008/1 × KE 79,017/3211 exhibited significant and positive specific combining ability effects for kernel yield, highlighting their potential in yield-enhancing breeding programs. Correlation analysis showed no significant association between KY*KIN with the KY*KW. However, there were weak positive correlations between KY*KR with other traits such as KY*PH, KY*KR, and KY*EH. The biplot analyses identified genotypes 4, 12, and 31 as superior across various trait combinations. Genotype 12 emerged as notably high-yielding based on average tester coordinates. Using the multi-trait stability index and imposing a selection pressure of 25%, genotype 10 was ranked highest, followed by genotypes 9, 13, 11, 1, 2, and 16, which were considered the most stable and ideal across all evaluated traits. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of both general combining ability and specific combining ability in maize breeding and highlights specific genotypes and hybrid combinations with promising traits for yield enhancement.

Abstract This study explores the mechanical properties of geopolymer mortars incorporating ceramic and glass powders sourced from industrial waste. A Box-Behnken design was employed to assess the effects of ceramic waste powder (CWP) content, alkaline activator ratio, solution-to-binder (S: B) ratio, and oven curing duration on the mortar’s performance. Compressive strengths were measured at 3 and 28 days, and regression models were developed to predict these outcomes. The relationships between compressive strength, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) were also analyzed. Microstructural and molecular changes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to response surface methodology results, the maximum compressive strengths of 22.79 MPa at three days and 25 MPa at 28 days were achieved using a mix containing 85.8% CWP, a 1.02 sodium hydroxide (NH): sodium silicate (NS) ratio, a 0.647 S: B ratio, and a 12-h oven curing time. Optimal oven curing conditions resulted in 28-day compressive strength, flexural strength, and UPV values of 25.7 MPa, 5.62 MPa, and 5765 m/s, respectively. .

Abstract Background: Intermittent hypoxia, a consequence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), may contribute to an increased risk of cognitive decline. However, the association between SDB and cognition remains highly variable. Methods: Fifty-two community-dwelling healthy older adults (28 women) were recruited. All participants underwent neuropsychiatric evaluations, simultaneous ambulatory polysomnography (PSG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) recordings. We quantified the average coherence between oxy-Hb and SpO2 signals during SDB events to determine whether it could predict cognitive outcomes in healthy older adults, where higher coherence indicates reduced protection against systemic hypoxia. Results: The mean (SD) coherence of oxy-Hb and SpO2 was 0.16 (0.07). Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between mean coherence and worse Stroop Color Word Test scores (t=-0.304, p = .004). In contrast, oxy-Hb reduction alone and conventional SDB parameters did not show a significant association with cognition. Conclusion: This is the first report to demonstrate an association between a novel parameter of brain-systemic oxygenation coherence in SDB and cognition in older adults. A higher coherence rate of cortical oxy-Hb and systemic SpO2 during SDB may reflect a loss of compensatory mechanisms against systemic hypoxia and could help stratify older adults with a higher risk for cognitive decline.

Abstract This study presents the development and characterization of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4)-based nanocomposites with graphite oxide (GO) and chitosan (CS) for efficient dye removal from textile wastewater and aqueous solution. Comprehensive characterization was performed using FT-IR, Raman, XRD, BET, SEM, DRS and Zeta potential techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the cubic spinel structure of MnFe2O4, with characteristic peaks at 2θ = 32, 35, 48, 53, 62, and 64°. BET analysis revealed a high specific surface area of 442.57 m2/g and a pore diameter of 2.36 nm for the MnFe2O4/GO/CS nanocomposite. SEM imaging showed polyhedral MnFe2O4 particles (11–33 nm) deposited on a wrinkled graphite oxide matrix. DRS analysis indicated band gap energies of 3.1 eV for MnFe2O4, 3.0 eV for MnFe2O4/GO, and 3.5 eV for MnFe2O4/GO/CS. Zeta potential measurements showed a positive surface charge (+ 36.8 mV) for MnFe2O4/GO/CS. The MnFe2O4/GO/CS nanocomposite exhibited exceptional photocatalytic performance under UV light irradiation. It achieved 99.9 and 99.5% removal of Reactive Red 198 dye and Brilliant Blue FCF 133, respectively. The photocatalytic process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99). In real textile wastewater treatment, the nanocomposite reduced BOD from 889 to 0.86 mg/L and COD from 1227 to 74 mg/L, with 96% dye removal. Also, MnFe2O4/GO/CS showed excellent performance under sunlight irradiation and maintained high removal efficiencies over multiple cycles, demonstrating good reusability. This study highlights the potential of the MnFe2O4-based nanocomposites as versatile and sustainable solutions for remediating dye-contaminated water.

Abstract The relationship between the use of supplements and the presence of abdominal obesity is a topic that is currently being debated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the existence of such an association. The current cross-sectional investigation included a population of 9878 individuals who were the focus of the study’s initial phase in the Shahedieh cohort study, conducted in Yazd, Iran. Waist circumference was measured with the help of an inflexible tape measure. In addition, the data regarding the consumption of various supplements, including multivitamins, folic acid, ferric compounds, omega 3, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and other supplements, were collected through interviews conducted by trained interviewers. Among the entire sample, 4785 individuals (50.6%) were found to have abdominal obesity, while 4093 individuals (43.3%) reported using at least one type of supplements. In the simple regression analysis, all of the supplements, except for multivitamins and zinc, were identified as adverse factors for abdominal obesity. However, in the multivariable regression analysis, only ferric compounds remained significant as a protective factor (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.57‒0.94). The findings of this study suggest that dietary supplements, particularly ferric compounds, may have implications for managing abdominal obesity. These findings could inform public health strategies by incorporating ferric compound supplementation into dietary interventions aimed at reducing abdominal obesity prevalence. Furthermore, the potential clinical application of ferric compounds highlights the need for integrating nutritional approaches in obesity management programs. However, longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and confirm the long-term effectiveness and safety of such interventions.

The emergence of long COVID during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has presented considerable challenges for healthcare professionals and researchers. The task of identifying relevant literature is particularly daunting due to the rapidly evolving scientific landscape, inconsistent definitions, and a lack of standardized nomenclature. This paper proposes a novel solution to this challenge by employing machine learning techniques to classify long COVID literature. However, the scarcity of annotated data for machine learning poses a significant obstacle. To overcome this, we introduce a strategy called medical paraphrasing, which diversifies the training data while maintaining the original content. Additionally, we propose a Data-Reweighting-Based Multi-Level Optimization Framework for Domain Adaptive Paraphrasing, supported by a Meta-Weight-Network (MWN). This innovative approach incorporates feedback from the downstream text classification model to influence the training of the paraphrasing model. During the training process, the framework assigns higher weights to the training examples that contribute more effectively to the downstream task of long COVID text classification. Our findings demonstrate that this method substantially improves the accuracy and efficiency of long COVID literature classification, offering a valuable tool for physicians and researchers navigating this complex and ever-evolving field.

Maternal use of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosols poses significant risks to fetal brain development, potentially increasing susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to understand the effects of fetal e-cig exposure on DNA methylome and transcriptomic changes in the neonatal brain. Pregnant rats were exposed to e-cig aerosols, and neonatal brains (5 males and 5 females/group) from both control and e-cig-exposed groups were used for experimental analysis. Results indicated that prenatal e-cig exposure altered site-specific DNA methylation patterns at both CpG and CH (non-CpG) sites, predominantly in intergenic and intronic regions, with sex dimorphism in methylation and gene expression changes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that e-cig exposure not only affected neuron projection development and axonogenesis but also altered pathways related to neurodegeneration and long-term depression. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamic changes of CpG and CH methylation induced by e-cig exposure, underscoring the susceptibility of the developing brain to maternal e-cig exposure and its potential implications for developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases later in life.

Abstract Mitochondrial epigenetics, particularly mtDNA methylation, is a flourishing field of research. MtDNA methylation appears to play multiple roles, including regulating mitochondrial transcription, cell metabolism and mitochondrial inheritance. In animals, bivalves with doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria are the exception to the rule of maternal mitochondrial inheritance since DUI also involve a paternal mtDNA transmitted from the father to sons. The mechanisms underlying DUI are still unknown, but mtDNA methylation could play a role in its regulation. Here, we investigated mtDNA methylation levels and machinery in gonads of the mussel Mytilus edulis using methods based on antibodies, enzymatic cleavage and methylome sequencing. Our results confirm the presence in mitochondria of methylated cytosines and adenines and methyltransferases and unveil a more variable cytosine methylation state among males than females. Also, spermatid mtDNA is always methylated, while only few spermatozoa present methylated mtDNA suggesting a relation between cytosine methylation and development stage of male gametes. We propose that mtDNA methylation could play a role in the different fates of the parental mtDNAs in male and female embryos in M. edulis. Our study provides novel insights into the epigenetic landscape of bivalve mtDNA and highlights the multiple roles of mtDNA methylation in animals.

Abstract Very high heat is generated during the polymerization of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, which is used for implant fixation in orthopedic surgery. As such, it has been suggested that irrigating the bone cement layer in the surgical site with a saline solution is a way of cooling the layer. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of irrigation with a saline solution on the flexural strength and the microstructure of the test specimens of two PMMA bone cement brands: Simplex P and FIX 1. Specimens were assigned to three groups: (1) irrigation with normal saline solution at 25 °C (RS group), (2) irrigation with cold saline at 4 °C (CS group), and (3) no irrigation (control group). For each of the groups, the specimens were tested after various times of aging in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) at 37 °C for 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days. Flexural strength was measured following ISO 5833 protocol, and the surface microstructure was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flexural strength results showed that for each of the cement brands, the difference between the groups was not significant, except for Simplex P specimens aged for 24 h, for which flexural strength of the RS and CS group specimens was lower than in the control group. The microstructural features of the surface of the specimens were similar across groups. These findings suggest that in a cemented arthroplasty, irrigation of the bone cement for the purpose of cooling it must only be used after very careful consideration.

Abstract The cultivation of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in semi-arid regions is affected by drought. To explore potential alleviation strategies, we investigated the impact of inoculation with Bacillus velezensis, and the application of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) via foliage application (FA), which promote plant growth and enhance stress tolerance. A split-split-plot experiment with four replications was conducted, featuring two irrigation levels: full watering (FW, 100% of plant water requirements) and deficit watering (DW, 70% of plant water requirements) as a main plot, two ASA levels (No foliage application (NFA) 0 and 0.5 mM) as sub plot, and bacterial inoculation (BI) versus non-bacterial inoculation (NBI) as sub-sub plot. Results showed that the highest grain yield was achieved with the ASA + BI under FW (3270 kg ha−¹), a 56% increase compared to the control (2094 kg ha−¹). Under DW, the ASA + BI increased yield by approximately 30%. ASA significantly increased relative water content under deficit watering, achieving 84% with BI. Chlorophyll a content peaked at 3.11 mg g− 1 with full watering, and chlorophyll b content increased by up to 23.8% under deficit watering, indicating improved photosynthetic capacity. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels were reduced to 10.88 and 14.81 µmol g−¹ fresh weight, respectively, in ASA + BI treatments, demonstrating reduced oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly elevated in treated plants under DW. This study demonstrates the potential of microbial and hormonal treatments in boosting drought tolerance in common beans, providing a viable approach for sustaining crop performance under stress conditions.

Abstract With increasing worldwide attention on environmental sustainability, microgrids that harness renewable sources have become more prominent. The changing characteristics of renewable energy sources and energy demand’s unpredictable patterns might cause disruptions in the sustainable working of microgrids. Moreover, EVs (electric vehicles), being dynamic loads, might significantly affect the security administration of the microgrid. However, the persistent problem of PSOAs (particle swarm optimization algorithms) being affected by local optima emphasizes the need for more improvements to these algorithms. In order to tackle these difficulties, a framework for dual-objective optimization was developed with the aim of improving both economic efficiency and environmental sustainability in microgrids that incorporate electric vehicles. This model employs a linear weighting strategy under a TPZSG (two-person zero-sum game) to maximize the utilization of renewables options and provide support for the load. The ultimate objective is to achieve a more efficient balance between these two goals. In addition, a more advanced approach called enhanced ASA-PSOA (adaptive simulated annealing-PSOA) is employed to find the best solutions in this context. The simulation outcomes indicate that the multi-function weighting strategy can reduce the impact of uncertainties, hence optimizing the use of renewable resources and load management. Furthermore, implementing systematic charging and discharging procedures for electric vehicles has the potential to decline both operational and environmental expenses in microgrids. The total expense of the system under the proposed algorithm (ASA-PSOA) can be reduced by 11.1%, 10.1%, 6.5%, and 4.5% compared to the PSOA, standard-PSOA, adaptive-PSOA, and simulated annealing-PSOA, respectively. Therefore, the improved optimization technique greatly enhances the economic and ecological efficiency of the microgrid.

Abstract This research presents an innovative design for a non-isolated DC-DC converter, which utilizes a single switch in a high step-up configuration. The key element of this design is a three-winding coupled inductor (TWCI), which plays a crucial role in achieving a substantial voltage increase. By utilizing a low duty cycle, the converter minimizes conduction losses in the power switch, resulting in enhanced efficiency. The converter offers several benefits, including reduced voltage stress on both power switches and diodes, a common ground, high efficiency, a simple structure and control mechanism, and fewer components. The study thoroughly examines the converter’s operational modes and provides a comparison with other types of converters to highlight its distinctive characteristics. To validate the converter’s performance, a 400 W prototype was developed and tested in the lab, operating with a 20 V input, a 260 V output, and a switching frequency of 50 kHz.

Abstract High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a biomarker of inflammation predicting the incidence of different health pathologies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between hematological and demographic factors with hs-CRP levels using decision tree (DT) and linear regression (LR) modeling. This study was conducted on a population of 9704 males and females aged 35 to 65 years recruited from the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. We utilized a data mining approach to construct a predictive model of hs-CRP measurements, employing the DT methodology. DT model was used to predict hs-CRP level using biochemical factors and clinical features. A total of 9,704 individuals were included in the analysis, with 57% of them being female. Except for fasting blood glucose (FBG), hypertension (HTN), and Type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM), all variables showed significant differences between the two groups. The results of the LR models showed that variables such as anxiety score, depression score, Systolic Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular disease, and HTN were significant in predicting hs-CRP levels. In the DT models, depression score, FBG, cholesterol, and anxiety score were identified as the most important factors in predicting hs-CRP levels. DT model was able to predict hs-CRP level with an accuracy of 72.1% in training and 71.4% in testing of both genders. The proposed DT model appears to be able to predict the hs-CRP levels based on anxiety score, depression scores, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, and history of cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract Aza-Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction is a critical synthetic method for the production of bioactive tetrahydroquinolines. To this aim, an imine obtained from the reaction of an aniline derivative and a carbonyl compound is cyclized with an alkene in the presence of a catalyst. In this research, some tetrahydroquinoline compounds are synthesized through aza-Diels–Alder reaction in the presence of a prepared Ce(III) immobilized on the functionalized halloysite (Ce/Hal-TCT-IDA) as a catalyst. Ce/Hal-TCT-IDA was prepared by incorporation of aminopropyl silane on the halloysite surface, followed by treatment with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) and iminodiacetic acid (IDA), and loading cerium nitrate. Then, it was characterized and analyzed by different analytical methods, indicating the amorphous agglomerated grains (20–60 nm), containing 0.00196 mmol g−1 Ce(III) ions. The catalytic activity and reusability of Ce/Hal-TCT-IDA were studied in this research.

Abstract Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder escalating worldwide, remains incurable with existing interventions merely mitigating symptoms. Hydralazine, an antihypertensive agent, has displayed neuroprotective potential in AD animal models via amplification of mitochondrial functionality and stimulation of stress management and repair pathways. Nevertheless, its effectiveness and tolerability in human AD cohorts are yet to be confirmed. This study protocol describes the design of an ongoing, single-center, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess hydralazine’s effects on cognitive function in mild to moderate -stage AD patients. We will enroll 424 patients aged 50 and older, meeting NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD with Mini-Mental State Examination scores from 12–26. They’ll be randomly assigned to receive either hydralazine HCL (25 mg, thrice daily) or a placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome is the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale change from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes include various measures using Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale, neuropsychiatry inventory, and caregiver activity survey. This trial will explore the potential benefits and risks of hydralazine in mild to moderate AD treatment. It’s the first trial examining hydralazine’s impact on mild to moderate -stage AD in human and is registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20200711048075N1, registered 29/07/2020) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 04,842,552AQ, registered 13/04/2021). Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Medical Research Development (IR.NIMAD.REC.1398.424), following the SPIRIT Statement guidelines. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conferences. This inaugural human clinical trial evaluates hydralazine’s impact on patients in the mild to moderate AD. Executed with a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled methodology, this study incorporates a significant sample size and an extended monitoring duration. Multiple parameters, including cognitive capabilities, will be assessed. Potential limitations include the inherent homogeneity of the AD cohort, the lack of biomarker assays, and the unpredictable progression of the disease. Notably, the study might not elucidate the protracted effects of hydralazine beyond a 12-month period. Another limitation of our clinical trial is that patients were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease based solely on clinical evaluation and MRI findings, without the inclusion of specific biomarkers, which may impact the accuracy and specificity of the diagnosis. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20200711048075N1, registered 29/07/2020) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 04,842,552, registered 13/04/2021).

Abstract The increasing occurrence of hospital-associated infections, particularly bacteremia, caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) carbapenemase-producing colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae highlights a critical requirement to discover new therapeutic alternatives. Bacteriophages having host-specific bacteriolytic effects are promising alternatives for combating these pathogens. Among 12 phages isolated from public wastewater in Thailand, two phages-vB_kpnM_05 (myovirus) and vB_kpnP_08 (podovirus) showed broad-host range, producing bacteriolytic activities against 81.3% (n = 26) and 78.1% (n = 25) of 32 XDR carbapenemase-producing colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae, with capsular types—K15, K17, K50, K51, K52/wzi-50 and K2/wzi-2. Both phages showed short replication times, large burst sizes with rapid adsorptions. They exhibited significant stability under various environmental conditions. Genomic analysis revealed that both phages are genetically distinct phages from Myoviridae and Podoviridae family, with the lack of toxin, virulence, lysogeny and antibiotic resistance genes. These characteristics highlighted their promising potential for utilizing in phage therapy for combating XDR K. pneumoniae. Although phage cocktail combining vB_kpnM_05 and vB_kpnP_08 provided significant bacteriolysis for longer duration (8 h) than its monophage (6 h), bacterial regrowth was observed which suggested an evitable development of phage resistance under phages’ selection pressures. Future study will be undertaken to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which these XDR K. pneumoniae developed phage resistance and their associated fitness cost. Remarkably, combining phage cocktail with amikacin at their sub-inhibitory concentrations produced potent synergy by completely suppressing bacterial regrowth in vitro. Our study demonstrated the significant therapeutic and prophylactic effectiveness of a phage cocktail-amikacin combination as a promising alternative strategy for overcoming bacteremia associated with XDR K. pneumoniae having carbapenemase and colistin resistance in vivo.

Abstract In this randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effects of three consecutive intra-silicone oil (SO) injections of methotrexate (MTX) on the outcomes of surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C (PVR-C). Seventy-four eyes of 74 patients with PVR-C were included. Of these, 37 eyes were assigned to the MTX group and 37 eyes to the control group. Fourteen patients failed to comply with the 6-month follow-up period. All eyes underwent vitrectomy and SO injection. In the MTX group, 250 µg MTX was injected into the SO after surgery and at weeks 3 and 6 postoperatively. The primary outcome was the retinal reattachment rate at 6 months. The secondary outcomes included limited PVR recurrence and adverse events. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 22 eyes (73.3%) in the MTX group and 23 eyes (76.7%) in the control group (difference: -3.4%, 95% CI: -25.2–18.5%). Limited PVR recurrence was observed in one eye (4.5%) in the MTX group versus nine eyes (39.1%) in the control group at 6 months (P = 0.01). No adverse effects were observed. Adjunctive treatment with three consecutive applications of intra-SO MTX did not reveal a significant effect on the retinal re-detachment rate but could statistically significantly reduce limited PVR recurrence. Trial registration: http//ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04482543, 22/07/2020.

Abstract Microgrids (MGs) can enhance the consumers’ reliability. Nevertheless, besides significant outcomes, some challenges arise. Regarding the intermittent nature of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs), MGs are not operated radially. Accordingly, the reliable protection of MGs considering uncertainty in RESs is crucial for planners and operators. This paper uses data analysis to extract knowledge from locally available measurements using RMS values of symmetrical components. The learning-based characteristic of the suggested technique with a low computational burden exempts the need for an available communication infrastructure in the MG. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique is applied to train the Intelligent Electronic Devices to have a reliable MG protection scheme. The proposed method, which performs fault detection and classification together, just requires local information and functions effectively to discriminate faulty from normal conditions considering different uncertainty of resistance faults. Digital simulations on an MV test network were conducted to construct an appropriate database to consider some aspects of uncertainty in the network. The various faults considering their uncertainty, the different modes of operation, the uncertainty of RESs generation, and the load levels are combined to produce myriad scenarios. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive protection approach in accurately distinguishing different system modes and consistently protecting the MG, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.75%. Furthermore, it offers the MG an optimal protection scheme that is not limited by selectivity constraints across diverse conditions.

Abstract Heat-resistant fungal conidia are a common source of contamination and can cause significant difficulties in producing spawns. Through the use of PCR method, Aspergillus tubingensis and Aspergillus flavus as common microbial contaminants found in wheat grain spawn were identified that had been sterilized at 120 ºc for 2 h. Since these conidia are highly resistant to standard sterilization techniques, alternative methods were used to treat them with NaOCl and cold plasma and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing contamination. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis of the plasma showed dominant emissions from the N2 second positive system and N2 + first negative system, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) spectral lines were undetected due to collision-induced quenching effects. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) analyses revealed notable alterations in the elemental makeup of conidia surfaces, as evidenced by a marked rise in levels of Na, O, Cl (in the case of NaOCl treatment) and N (in the case of plasma treatment). The conidia size was reduced at lower levels of NaOCl, but with increased concentrations and plasma treatment, the conidia underwent rupture and, in some cases, pulverization. The research suggests that utilizing a combined approach can be highly effective in eliminating heat-resistant fungal conidia and drastically cutting down the sterilization time for producing wheat spawn to only 30 s.

Abstract This study was conducted to combine two physical (ultrasonic) and biological (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) methods to reduce heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) in rice, which is the most widely consumed grain. The concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb were found to be significantly affected after different treatments, were on uncooked rice samples (R1-R9): As R9 (2.05 ± 0.01) Cd R1, R3, R5, R8 (1.20 ± 0.01), Pb R6 (3.04 ± 0.173) (µgkg− 1) and in cooked rice samples were (C1-C10): As C10 (0.35 ± 0.27) Cd C9, C10 (1.00 ± 0.02), Pb C1 (3.52 ± 0.17) (µgkg− 1). The results showed that using ultrasound treatment combined with yeast (C10) had the greatest effect on reducing As among all treatments. In addition, C9, and C10 treatments were effective in reducing Cd concentration in cooked rice samples, and R6 treatment was effective in reducing Pb concentration in uncooked samples. The rice’s thermal qualities and specific textural traits were also affected by some or all of these treatments. The samples with modified particle sizes had the greatest sensory evaluation scores (C9). Moreover, sensory evaluation results showed that a specific treatment combining yeast and ultrasound (C3) maintained good sensory qualities and did not negatively affect the sensory qualities without sacrificing texture. Overall, this approach provides a promising method for the reduction of heavy metals in rice. A combination of biological and physical treatments can be used to reduce the heavy metals content (As, Cd, Pb) in rice. Stakeholders can use the aforementioned actions to optimize heavy metal content in the food chain, which requires the support of policymakers to promote public health.

Abstract This experiment investigated the feasibility of using n-butanol with Deccan hemp oil methyl ester derived from Hibiscus cannabinus. Deccan hemp oil, from warm countries like India is an eco-friendly alternative energy source since it is reusable and easy to locate. The Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) process made the n-butanol. Further, 60% Deccan hemp oil methyl ester and 40% diesel were mixed and injected directly into the engine’s cylinders. The engine’s performance was evaluated by adding varying quantities of n-butanol (10%, 20%, or 30%) to the intake pipe at various intervals throughout the experiment. The results showed that using pure Deccan hemp oil or its methyl ester was much better for the engine’s performance than regular diesel fuel. This was compared to how well the engine worked when diesel was used. However, the engine ran much better when fed a mix of 60% Deccan hemp oil methyl ester and 40% diesel (B60). Even though it couldn’t compete with diesel engines in speed, this was still the case. The engine was running in dual fuel mode when n-butanol was added to the mixture. This made the carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke outputs go down. All of these decreases happened without making the engine less able to work. NOx emissions from the B60Bu10 (10% n-butanol share), B60Bu20, and B60Bu30 dual fuel combinations went up by 2.65%, 6%, and 8.9%, respectively, at full load, while smoke emissions went down by 18.33%, 23.75%, and 30.83%, in that order. The study’s results show that adding Deccan hemp oil methyl ester to diesel fuel and injecting n-butanol into a dual-fuel diesel engine could help lower emissions without affecting the engine’s performance.

Abstract α-Glucosidase inhibitors are important in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by regulating blood glucose levels and reducing carbohydrate absorption. The present study focuses on identifying new inhibitors bearing imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline backbone through multi-step synthesis. The inhibitory potencies of the novel derivatives were tested against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase, revealing IC50 values ranging from 50.0 ± 0.12 µM to 268.25 ± 0.09 µM. Among them, 2-(4-(((2,3-diphenylimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl)thio)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (19e) and 2-(4-((benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-ylthio)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (27e) emerged as the most potent inhibitors and were further investigated in various assessments. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed to reveal the crucial binding interactions and to confirm the results obtained from structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis.

Abstract The remobilization of stored assimilates from stems to seeds plays a pivotal role in augmenting barley yield, particularly under water stress conditions. This study examines the molecular mechanisms underlying stem reserve utilization by conducting a comparative analysis of the proteome and metabolome across three barley contrasting genotypes: Yousef, Morocco, and PBYT17. Evaluations were performed at 21 and 28 days after anthesis (DAA) under both water stress and control conditions. The results indicate that the Yousef genotype exhibits superior remobilization of stem reserves, thereby demonstrating its potential to thrive even in adverse environmental conditions. Utilizing advanced quantitative proteomics and targeted metabolomics, this investigation identified a significant number of metabolites and proteins exhibiting differential accumulation across the genotypes. Specifically, 17 metabolites and 1580 proteins were catalogued, highlighting the intricate biochemical responses to water stress. Noteworthy enzymes such as sucrose synthase, inositol monophosphatase 3, and galactokinase were found to be closely associated with remobilization efficiency. In the drought-tolerant genotype, these enzymes maintained stable levels, in stark contrast to the decline observed in the susceptible genotype. This stability is crucial for promoting seed development through ascorbic acid synthesis and for mitigating oxidative stress, which is exacerbated by drought conditions. The elevated levels of certain metabolites, including glucose 6-phosphate, and UDP-glucose, in the drought-tolerant genotype suggest a robust mechanism for maintaining signalling molecules for carbon availability, which is then instrumental in regulating plant growth and seed size development. The findings from this study strongly imply that the drought-tolerant genotype, through enhanced antioxidant capacity, can effectively produce energy-rich storage compounds, thereby optimizing carbon allocation under water stress. Such insights are invaluable for future breeding strategies aimed at improving barley resilience in the face of climate variability.

Abstract X-irradiation of blood products is an alternative for gamma-ray to prevent post-transfusion GvHD. However, commercial X-irradiators are not widely available while little is known about their safety and efficacy for platelet products. This study introduces an efficient, accessible and cost-effective “X irradiation system” for platelet concentrates (PCs). By constructing a suitable radiation box (phantom) for a clinically available linear accelerator, an “X irradiation system” was designed specifically for PCs. PCs were divided into three equal bags either exposed to X- and gamma-irradiation or kept unirradiated (control). Irradiation-induced inhibition of T cells proliferation was examined by MTT and cell cycle assays on mononuclear cells (MNCs) obtained from PCs. The inhibitory effect of irradiation on allorecognition ability of MNCs was assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction where MTT evaluated lymphocyte proliferation responses and flowcytometry examined CD8+T lymphocytes activity. Platelet activation was also examined with P-selectin expression and PAC-1 binding by flowcytometry. X- and gamma-irradiation reduced T cell proliferation while disturbing the cell-cycle with reduced entry of T-cells into the S phase and their G2 arrest. Both types of irradiations also effectively reduced “lymphocyte allorecognition responses” while inactivating CD8+T lymphocytes in platelet products but with no significant effect on platelet activity. This is the first study that showed “X irradiation system” effectively suppresses T cell proliferation and CD8+T lymphocyte activity in platelet products, with no effect to platelet quality and activation markers. This may suggest the LINAC-based “X irradiation system” with a dose of 30Gy as efficient and safe as gamma-irradiation for platelet products.

Abstract Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a minimally invasive procedure that can be painful. This study aimed to examine the impact of a tailored training program on anxiety and perceived pain intensity in infertile women undergoing HSG. This research was a clinical trial involving 86 infertile women who were candidates for HSG and conducted at the radiology department of the Royan Infertility Center in Tehran, Iran, between November 22, 2021, to March 11, 2023.The participants were divided into two groups:43 women in the intervention group and 43 women in the control group. The randomization of the samples was carried out using a random number table. The women in the intervention group received two face-to-face group training sessions. Data were collected using valid questionnaires. Additionally, the heart rate and blood pressure of the participants were recorded. Data analysis showed the training intervention was significantly associated with reducing anxiety levels, perceived pain, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate in women undergoing HSG (p

Abstract Determination of optimum well location and operational settings for existing and new wells is crucial for maximizing production in field development. These optimum conditions depend on geological and petrophysical factors, fluid flow regimes, and economic variables. However, conducting numerous simulations for various parameters can be time-consuming and costly. Also, due to the high dimension of the possible solutions, there is still no general approach to address this problem. The application of searching algorithm as a general approach to solve such problems has received much attention in recent years. In this study, the efficiency, and reliability of genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and in particular a newly developed algorithm was analyzed and compared. The novelty of this work is the integrated algorithm, which improves searching performance by leveraging the memorizing characteristics of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to enhance genetic algorithm efficiency. In traditional genetic algorithms, solutions lacking adequate qualifications are deleted from the algorithmic process; however, the new algorithm provides these solutions with additional opportunities to prove themselves by acquiring new velocities from particle swarm optimization. The results indicate that while the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization do not guarantee optimal outcomes, the newly developed algorithm outperforms both methods. This performance was tested across various scenarios focused on well pattern optimization, highlighting its innovative contribution to the field development.

Abstract Materials data science and machine learning (ML) are pivotal in advancing cancer treatment strategies beyond traditional methods like chemotherapy. Nanotherapeutics, which merge nanotechnology with targeted drug delivery, exemplify this advancement by offering improved precision and reduced side effects in cancer therapy. The development of these nanotherapeutic agents depends critically on understanding nanoparticle (NP) properties and their biological interactions, often analyzed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This study enhances these analyses by integrating ML with MD simulations, significantly improving both prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. We introduce a comprehensive three-stage methodology for predicting the solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) of NPs, which is crucial for their therapeutic efficacy. The process involves training an ML model to forecast the many-body tensor representation (MBTR) for future time steps, applying data augmentation to increase dataset realism, and refining the SASA predictor with both augmented and original data. Results demonstrate that our methodology can predict SASA values 299 time steps ahead with a 40-fold speed improvement and a 25% accuracy increase over existing methods. Importantly, it provides a 300-fold increase in computational speed compared to traditional simulation techniques, offering substantial cost and time savings for nanotherapeutic research and development.

Abstract In the field of Brain Machine Interface (BMI), the process of translating motor intention into a machine command is denoted as decoding. However, despite recent advancements, decoding remains a formidable challenge within BMI. The utilization of current decoding algorithms in the field of BMI often involves computational complexity and requires the use of computers. This is primarily due to the reliance on mathematical models to address the decoding issue and perform subsequent output calculations. Unfortunately, computers are not feasible for implantable BMI systems due to their size and power consumption. To address this predicament, this study proposes a pioneering approach inspired by hyperdimensional computing. This approach first involves identifying the pattern of each stimulus by considering the normal firing rate distribution of each neuron. Subsequently, the newly observed firing pattern for each input is compared with the patterns detected at each moment for each neuron. The algorithm, which shares similarities with hyperdimensional computing, identifies the most similar pattern as the final output. This approach reduces the dependence on mathematical models. The efficacy of this method is assessed through the utilization of an authentic dataset acquired from the Frontal Eye Field (FEF) of two male rhesus monkeys. The output space encompasses eight possible angles. The results demonstrate an accuracy rate of 51.5% while exhibiting significantly low computational complexity, involving a mere 2050 adder operators. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and as an ASIC designe in a standard CMOS 180 nm technology, underscoring its suitability for real-time implantable BMI applications. The implementation required only 2.3 Kbytes of RAM, occupied an area of 2.2 mm2, and consumed 9.32 µW at a 1.8 V power supply. Consequently, the proposed solution represents an accurate, low computational complexity, hardware-friendly, and real-time approach.

Abstract Maternal use of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosols poses significant risks to fetal brain development, potentially increasing susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to understand the effects of fetal e-cig exposure on DNA methylome and transcriptomic changes in the neonatal brain. Pregnant rats were exposed to e-cig aerosols, and neonatal brains (5 males and 5 females/group) from both control and e-cig-exposed groups were used for experimental analysis. Results indicated that prenatal e-cig exposure altered site-specific DNA methylation patterns at both CpG and CH (non-CpG) sites, predominantly in intergenic and intronic regions, with sex dimorphism in methylation and gene expression changes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that e-cig exposure not only affected neuron projection development and axonogenesis but also altered pathways related to neurodegeneration and long-term depression. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamic changes of CpG and CH methylation induced by e-cig exposure, underscoring the susceptibility of the developing brain to maternal e-cig exposure and its potential implications for developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases later in life.

Abstract Acid or base modification of biochars has shown promise for enhancing the immobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils. However, limited information is available on the interaction between soil textural classes and modified biochar application for Cd stabilization in contaminated calcareous soils. Therefore, the objective of the study was to examine the extent of Cd immobilization in contaminated calcareous soils with diverse textural classes, utilizing both acid (HNO3) and alkali (NaOH) modified and unmodified biochars derived from sheep manure and rice husk residues. The modified or unmodified biochars were applied at a rate of 2% (w/w) to Cd-contaminated silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam soils, followed by a 90-day incubation at field water capacity. Sequential extraction and EDTA-release kinetics studies were used to assess the effect of the treatments on the extent and mechanisms of Cd immobilization. Among the treatments, acid-modified manure biochar was most effective at reducing water soluble and exchangeable Cd fractions (-20.5%), by converting them into metal oxide and organic matter bound fractions. This effectiveness was primarily attributed to the significant increase in surface oxygen functional groups in the acid-modified biochar which could promote Cd complexation. However, the acid-modified manure biochar released more immobilized Cd during EDTA extraction than the base-modified manure biochar, suggesting that EDTA extraction of R-O-Cd complexes was easier than extracting Cd associated with insoluble compounds. This difference was likely due to the acidic pH and lower ash content of the acid-modified biochars compared to the base-modified manure biochars. Additionally, the extent of Cd immobilization was lower in sandy loam soil, highlighting the importance of immobilizing Cd in light-textured soils to prevent its transfer to organisms.

Abstract This paper introduces a novel high-voltage gain topology for a solid-state transformer, integrating a DC-DC converter and dual active bridge converters. The proposed design features three DC links operating at different voltage levels. The first DC link connects to a single-switch high step-up DC-DC converter, while the second DC link interfaces with an AC source via a rectifier, allowing the use of both DC and AC inputs. A high-frequency transformer ensures galvanic isolation between the sources and the third DC link. The DC-DC converter employs coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cells, offering distinct advantages such as a high voltage gain, reduced voltage stress on semiconductors, and minimized current ripple. These features make the topology highly suitable for transferring power from renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic panels, to a high-voltage DC link in microgrid or nanogrid applications. The novelty lies in the combination of multiple voltage levels, high-frequency isolation, and the ability to handle both DC and AC inputs efficiently. An experimental prototype, delivering 620 W with a 25 V DC input and 110 V AC input, is built, and the results validate the converter’s effectiveness.

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and the main cause of mortality in developing countries. Since physical activity and nutritional behaviors are modifiable risk factors in people at risk of CAD, the present study aims to explore the effect of an intervention based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) on physical activity and nutritional behaviors in middle-aged population at risk of CAD in the city of Bandar Abbas. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 519 middle-aged subjects who visited the healthcare centers in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran, in 2023. The sampling was simple randomization. The data were collected using the general physical activity questionnaire, nutritional behavior questionnaire and a questionnaire based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic features of the sample. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between the variables of study. Multiple linear regression was used to test the effect of the SCT constructs on physical activity and nutrition behaviors. All statistical analyses and hypothesis testing were done in SPSS 21, at a significance level of 0.05. A total number of 519 subjects participated in this study, whose average age was 44.23 ± 7.14 years. The results of Pearson correlation test showed a statistically significant positive correlation between nutritional behaviors and the constructs of self-efficacy, collective efficacy, outcome expectations, observational learning, normative beliefs, barriers and opportunities, reinforcement and punishment, and behavioral intention. There was also a significant positive correlation between physical activity and self-efficacy, normative beliefs, social support and behavioral intention. Social support, self-efficacy, normative beliefs, observational learning, behavioral skills and knowledge were found to be the predictors of physical activity. Reinforcement and punishment, normative beliefs, collective efficacy, social support and barriers and opportunities were the predictors of nutritional behaviors in the middle-aged population. As the results of the study showed, it is suggested to increase physical activity in the middle-aged population at risk of CAD using appropriate strategies to strengthen social support through family and friends, improve self-efficacy, identify positive and negative normative beliefs. Plans should be made to improve observational learning, increase behavioral skills, and increase knowledge to improve nutritional behaviors, use appropriate strategies to provide timely and appropriate rewards and punishments, identify and strengthen positive normative beliefs, improve collective efficacy, and increase social support. To this aim, families and other individuals around the middle-aged population can help remove barriers and create opportunities.

Abstract This study determined production performance, nutrient intake, digestibility, and carcass traits from ostrich chicks fed with barberry (Berberis Vulgaris) leaves (BVL) as a replacement for alfalfa hay (AH). For 150 days, 30 male ostrich (Struthio camelus) (9.10 ± 0.89 kg live weight, mean ± SD) were randomly grouped into five dietary BVL inclusion levels to replace AH: a control diet based on 100% AH (CTRL), and four groups with BVL as a substitute for AH at varying levels including 25% (BVL25), 50% (BVL50), 75% (BVL75), and 100% (BVL100). The average daily feed intakes (ADFI) were recorded and birds were weighed monthly. The nutrient intake and digestibility were measured for the following final 5 days of the trial. The ADFI was higher (p = 0.025) for BVL100 and BVL75 than for CTRL. Ostriches fed on BVL50 had the highest average daily gain (ADG, p = 0.025) and the lowest feed conversation ratio (FCR, p = 0.0001). Return per kg BW gain was also enhanced (p = 0.018) with BVL50 feeding. Dietary BVL levels did not affect the digestibility of OM (p = 0.257), CP (p = 0.260), EE (p = 0.610), CF (p = 0.427), and Ash (p = 0.461). Also, there were no changes in AME (p = 0.180) or AMEn (p = 0.670). The hot carcass weight (HCW, p = 0.331) and dressing BW (p = 0.237) were not affected. Overall, the results suggest that BVL can replace AH in ostrich diets without deleterious impact on performance, however, its partial substitution (for 50% AH of diet) has been associated with improved ADG, FCR, and reduced feeding costs.

Abstract The cast in-situ pile is a widely used type of deep foundations which its execution in civil projects is increasing daily. The use of ordinary concrete in this type of piles causes technical and executive problems, a decrease in the compressive strength (CS) of concrete, and an increase in the permeability under the ground level. But use of the self-compacting concrete in the cast in-situ piles while increasing the CS of concrete ensures proper compaction, increase in the execution speed, and easy placing of concrete. In this article, utilizing the data obtained from the laboratory results and also the application of soft computing techniques, predicting the degree of CS of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in concrete piles was investigated. To estimate the CS of SCC, a total number of 7 inputs were implemented. Then, using gene expression programming (GEP) a model was presented for estimating the CS of SCC in the cast in-situ piles. The results of the neural network showed a precision of 99.98% which exhibits the high accuracy of the model. The use of this model could greatly help persons, companies, and research centers in the preparation and construction of self-compacting concrete with the desired CS.