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Abstract Patients at high risk of deep vein thrombosis are recommended to undergo lower-extremity ultrasonography to screen for pulmonary embolism (PE); however, there are few reports on whether this can effectively reduce the occurrence of fatal pulmonary embolism (FPE). This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with PE and to investigate whether perioperative ultrasound screening of lower extremity veins in orthopedic patients can effectively reduce the incidence of FPE. We enrolled 137 patients with PE who underwent orthopedic surgery between 2013 and 2020. Patients were divided into survival and non-survival groups based on whether FPE occurred during hospitalization. Demographic and clinical data were compared between groups. Ultrasound screening was effective in reducing the incidence of FPE in orthopedic patients. Thrombolytic therapy and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were highlighted factors that protect against FPE. Coronary heart disease was found to be independent risk factors for FPE. Proximal thrombus associated with an FPE. Ultrasound screening of the lower limb veins should be routinely performed in orthopedic patients during the perioperative period. Prophylactic inferior vena cava filter implantation, thrombolytic therapy, and CTPA can be performed in patients with suspected PE to reduce its incidence.

Abstract To address the significantly elevated safety risks associated with construction workers’ improper use of helmets and reflective clothing, we propose an enhanced YOLOv8 model tailored for safety wear detection. Firstly, this study introduces the P2 detection layer within the YOLOv8 architecture, which substantially enriches semantic feature representation. Additionally, a lightweight Ghost module is integrated to replace the original backbone of YOLOv8, thereby reducing the parameter count and computational burden. Moreover, we incorporate a Dynamic Head (Dyhead) that employs an attention mechanism to effectively extract features and spatial location information critical for site safety wear detection. This adaptation significantly enhances the model’s representational power without adding computational overhead. Furthermore, we adopt an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) SlideLoss function, which not only boosts accuracy but also ensures the stability of our safety wear detection model’s performance. Comparative evaluation of the experimental results indicates that our proposed model achieves a 6.2% improvement in mean Average Precision (mAP) compared to the baseline YOLOv8 model, while also increasing the detection speed by 55.88% in terms of frames per second (FPS).

Abstract While there are multiple reports on venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with several orthopedic procedures, the knowledge regarding incidence and risk factors of VTE in tibial plateau fractures is limited. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of clinically important venous thromboembolism (CIVTE) in patients with tibial plateau fractures. All adult patients who underwent surgical treatment of tibia plateau fractures between 2003 and 2018 in our level 1 trauma center were included in the study. All patients suspected CIVTE were assessed by the ultrasonography and/or CT scan. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the association between potential risk factors and CIVTE Variables. Thirty-nine of 462 patients (8.4%) developed clinically important venous thromboembolism, in which pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were observed in 18 (3.9%) and 21 (4.54%) patients, respectively. Male gender (OR 9.75; 95% CI 2.34–40.66), spine injury (OR 9.51; 95% CI 3.39–26.64), other extremity injury (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.58–8.66), length of stay in ICU (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.09–1.2) were all risk factors for CIVTE. The incidence of CIVTE in tibial plateau fracture was relatively high (8.4%); The male gender, spine injury, other extremity injury, length of stay in ICU were the independent risk factors.

Abstract Corneal innervation plays a major role in the pathobiology of diabetic corneal disease. However, innervation impact has mainly been investigated in the context of diabetic epitheliopathy and wound healing. Further studies are warranted in the corneal stroma-nerve interactions. This study unravels the nerve influence on corneal stroma metabolism. Corneal stromal cells were isolated from healthy (HCFs) and diabetes mellitus (Type1DM and Type2 DM) donors. Cells were cultured on polycarbonate membranes, stimulated by stable Vitamin C, and stroma-only and stroma-nerve co-cultures were investigated for metabolic alterations. Innervated compared to stroma-only constructs exhibited significant alterations in pyrimidine, glycerol phosphate shuttle, electron transport chain and glycolysis. The most highly altered metabolites between healthy and T1DMs innervated were phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, and pyrimidine, methionine, aspartate metabolism. Healthy and T2DMs main pathways included aspartate, glycerol phosphate shuttle, electron transport chain, and gluconeogenesis. The metabolic impact on T1DMs and T2DMs was pyrimidine, purine, aspartate, and methionine. Interestingly, the glucose-6-phosphate and oxaloacetate was higher in T2DMs compared to T1DMs. Our in vitro co-culture model allows the examination of key metabolic pathways corresponding to corneal innervation in the diabetic stroma. These novel findings can pave the way for future studies to fully understand the metabolic distinctions in the diabetic cornea.

Abstract The invasion ability of glioblastoma (GBM) causes tumor cells to infiltrate the surrounding brain parenchyma and leads to poor outcomes. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) exhibits a remarkable role in cancer cell motility, but the contribution of TRPV4 to glioblastoma metastasis is not fully understood. Here, we reported that TRPV4 expression was significantly elevated in malignant glioma compared to normal brain and low-grade glioma, and TRPV4 expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of glioma patients. Functionally, stimulation of TRPV4 promoted glioblastoma cell migration and invasion, and repression of TRPV4 hindered the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells in vitro. Molecularly, TRPV4 strongly colocalized and interacted with skeletal protein-F-actin at cellular protrusions, and TRPV4 regulated the formation of invadopodia and filopodia in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the Cdc42/N-wasp axis mediated the effect of TRPV4-regulated cellular protrusions and invasion. Foremost, TRPV4 inhibitor treatment or downregulation of TRPV4 significantly reduced the invasion-growth of subcutaneously and intracranially transplanted glioblastoma in mice. In conclusion, the TRPV4/Cdc42/wasp signaling axis regulates cellular protrusion formation in glioblastoma cells and influences the invasion-growth phenotype of glioblastoma in vivo. TRPV4 may serve as a prognostic factor and specific therapeutic target for GBM patients.

Abstract One unique feature of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that the outcomes of two incompatible measurements cannot simultaneously achieve arbitrary precision. In an information-theoretic context of quantum information, the uncertainty principle can be formulated as entropic uncertainty relations with two measurements for a quantum bit (qubit) in two-dimensional system. New entropic uncertainty relations are studied for a higher-dimensional quantum state with multiple measurements, and the uncertainty bounds can be tighter than that expected from two measurements settings and cannot result from qubits system with or without a quantum memory. Here we report the first room-temperature experimental testing of the entropic uncertainty relations with three measurements in a natural three-dimensional solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy center in pure diamond. The experimental results confirm the entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements. Our result represents a more precise demonstrating of the fundamental uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.

Abstract Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a pathogenic role in retinal inflammation and neovascularization. Here, we investigated whether circulating levels of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a specific inhibitor of this pathway, are altered in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Plasma was obtained from 128 patients with exudative AMD, 46 patients with atrophic AMD and 111 healthy controls. DKK-1 levels in plasma were measured using ELISA, and data analyzed with one-way ANOVA, logistic regression analysis and receiver-operating characteristic analysis (ROC). We found that DKK-1 levels were decreased in exudative AMD patients, compared with healthy controls (P