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6 results on '"Kessler, Michael"'

2. Predicting bee community responses to land-use changes: Effects of geographic and taxonomic biases.

Author

De Palma, Adriana, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Aizen, Marcelo A, Albrecht, Matthias, Basset, Yves, Bates, Adam, Blake, Robin J, Boutin, Céline, Bugter, Rob, Connop, Stuart, Cruz-López, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A, Darvill, Ben, Diekötter, Tim, Dorn, Silvia, Downing, Nicola, Entling, Martin H, Farwig, Nina, Felicioli, Antonio, Fonte, Steven J, Fowler, Robert, Franzén, Markus, Goulson, Dave, Grass, Ingo, Hanley, Mick E, Hendrix, Stephen D, Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Holzschuh, Andrea, Jauker, Birgit, Kessler, Michael, Knight, ME, Kruess, Andreas, Lavelle, Patrick, Le Féon, Violette, Lentini, Pia, Malone, Louise A, Marshall, Jon, Pachón, Eliana Martínez, McFrederick, Quinn S, Morales, Carolina L, Mudri-Stojnic, Sonja, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Nilsson, Sven G, Öckinger, Erik, Osgathorpe, Lynne, Parra-H, Alejandro, Peres, Carlos A, Persson, Anna S, Petanidou, Theodora, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Richards, Miriam H, Roulston, T'ai, Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan P, Samnegård, Ulrika, Schellhorn, Nancy A, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stout, Jane C, Tonietto, Rebecca K, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Verboven, Hans AF, Vergara, Carlos H, Verhulst, Jort, Westphal, Catrin, Yoon, Hyung Joo, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
Animals, Bees, Conservation of Natural Resources, Geography
Abstract

Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable to other regions and taxa. To assess whether the geographic and taxonomic biases of data could undermine effectiveness of models for conservation policy, we have collated from the published literature a global dataset of bee diversity at sites facing land-use change and intensification, and assess whether bee responses to these pressures vary across 11 regions (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe; North, Central and South America; Australia and New Zealand; South East Asia; Middle and Southern Africa) and between bumblebees and other bees. Our analyses highlight strong regionally-based responses of total abundance, species richness and Simpson's diversity to land use, caused by variation in the sensitivity of species and potentially in the nature of threats. These results suggest that global extrapolation of models based on geographically and taxonomically restricted data may underestimate the true uncertainty, increasing the risk of ecological surprises.

Published
2016

6. Global patterns and drivers of phylogenetic structure in island floras

Author

Weigelt, Patrick, Kissling, W Daniel, Kisel, Yael, Fritz, Susanne A, Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Kessler, Michael, Lehtonen, Samuli, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Kreft, Holger, University of Zurich, Weigelt, Patrick, and Experimental Plant Systematics (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, 1000 Multidisciplinary, Biodiversity, Macroecology, Biogeography, Speciation, phylogenetic structure, patterns, global, island flora, food and beverages, 580 Plants (Botany), Plants, Phylogeny, Article
Abstract

Islands are ideal for investigating processes that shape species assemblages because they are isolated and have discrete boundaries. Quantifying phylogenetic assemblage structure allows inferences about these processes, in particular dispersal, environmental filtering and in-situ speciation. Here, we link phylogenetic assemblage structure to island characteristics across 393 islands worldwide and 37,041 vascular plant species (representing angiosperms overall, palms and ferns). Physical and bioclimatic factors, especially those impeding colonization and promoting speciation, explained more variation in phylogenetic structure of angiosperms overall (49%) and palms (52%) than of ferns (18%). The relationships showed different or contrasting trends among these major plant groups, consistent with their dispersal- and speciation-related traits and climatic adaptations. Phylogenetic diversity was negatively related to isolation for palms, but unexpectedly it was positively related to isolation for angiosperms overall. This indicates strong dispersal filtering for the predominantly large-seeded, animal-dispersed palm family whereas colonization from biogeographically distinct source pools on remote islands likely drives the phylogenetic structure of angiosperm floras. We show that signatures of dispersal limitation, environmental filtering and in-situ speciation differ markedly among taxonomic groups on islands, which sheds light on the origin of insular plant diversity. Open-Access Publikationsfonds 2015 peerReviewed

Published
2015
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