Search

Under the subheading "Stable carbon isotopic characterization of the aerosols", "Also, the SP 13 sp C of total carbon ( SP 13 sp C SB TC sb ) (i.e., without water extraction) was measured with the EA-IRMS for the same aerosol filter samples." now reads: "Also, the SP 13 sp C of total carbon ( SP 13 sp C SB TC sb ) (i.e., without water extraction) was measured with the EA-IRMS for the same aerosol filter samples SP 46 sp ." Thanks also go to H. Kawakami for her help with the chemical analysis of the aerosol samples. [Extracted from the article]

A reliable diagnosis of adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is challenging as many of the symptoms of ADHD resemble symptoms of other disorders. ADHD is associated with gambling disorder and obesity, showing overlaps of about 20% with each diagnosis. It is important for clinical practice to differentiate between conditions displaying similar symptoms via established diagnostic instruments. Applying the LightGBM algorithm in machine learning, we were able to differentiate subjects with ADHD, obesity, problematic gambling, and a control group using all 26 items of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S: S) with a global accuracy of.80; precision (positive predictive value) ranged between.78 (gambling) and.92 (obesity), recall (sensitivity) between.58 for obesity and.87 for ADHD. Models with the best 5 and best 10 items resulted in less satisfactory fits. The CAARS-S seems to be a promising instrument to be applied in clinical practice also for multiclassifying disorders displaying symptoms resembling ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking the amount of organic matter (OM) in sea spray aerosols (SSAs) to biological processes in ocean surface is essential for understanding marine aerosol formation and their potential to affect cloud formation. To date, chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration has been widely used as a surrogate for surface phytoplankton biomass or productivity to predict the relative abundance of OM in SSAs (OMSSA). Here we show a new index to present OMSSA using concentrations of Chl a and chlorophyllide (Chllide) a, which is a breakdown product of Chl a and has been used as a biomarker of senescent algal cells. The index was compared with submicrometer OMSSA, based on surface seawater and aerosol samples obtained during the pre-bloom in the western subarctic Pacific. Our results showed that the OMSSA was highly correlated with this unique index, suggesting that the OMSSA was closely linked with senescent algal cells and/or cell lysis. Furthermore, the hygroscopicity parameters κ derived from water-extracted SSA samples implied a reduction in the SSA hygroscopicity with increasing senescent status of phytoplankton. The index can represent OMSSA on a timescale of a day during the pre-bloom period, which should be further examined over different oceanic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]