116 results on '"Or, Reuven"'
Search Results
2. No man’s land support the endemic Red Sea ghost crab (Ocypode saratan) in the Gulf of Eilat
- Author
-
Reuven Yosef, Royi Elharar, and Jakub Z. Kosicki
- Subjects
Tourism ,Eilat ,Red sea ,Endemic ,Ocypode saratan ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Tourism pressure on the Red Sea ecosystem have posed significant threats to numerous endemic species, including the Ghost Crab Ocypode saratan, which is exclusively found along a small stretch of beach in the Eilat/Aqaba Red Sea Gulf. Due to the limited understanding of their ecology, we investigated how tourism impacts the behavior of this species. Employing a natural setup, we compared burrow dimensions, pyramid structures, and density across three distinct beach sections subjected to varying levels of human interference. Access to a secluded beach, referred to as “No Man’s Land,” provided a crucial control for our study. This facilitated a comparative analysis of ghost crab activity among beaches experiencing differing levels of human disturbances: (1) a tourist beach characterized by continual high disturbance, (2) a naval beach subject to moderate and sporadic disturbances, and (3) the isolated “no man’s land” beach devoid of human presence. Our observations revealed notable differences in ghost crab density among the three beaches. Furthermore, we observed that on the secluded beach, larger individuals tended to establish burrows farther from the waterline and construct taller sand pyramids. Given the significance of sexual selection processes, their conservation becomes imperative for the survival and potential expansion of the ghost crab population across the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba. We propose a straight-forward and cost-effective strategy: the designation of short, secluded beach enclaves along this gulf. We believe that this approach will mitigate adverse impacts of tourisms while simultaneously benefiting various sandy beach species.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Antibody response in elderly vaccinated four times with an mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccine
- Author
-
Rouvinski, Alexander, Friedman, Ahuva, Kirillov, Saveliy, Attal, Jordan Hannink, Kumari, Sujata, Fahoum, Jamal, Wiener, Reuven, Magen, Sophie, Plotkin, Yevgeni, Chemtob, Daniel, and Bercovier, Herve
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Regime shift dynamics, tipping points and the success of fisheries management
- Author
-
Blöcker, Alexandra M., Gutte, Helene M., Bender, Reuven L., Otto, Saskia A., Sguotti, Camilla, and Möllmann, Christian
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Population trends of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Israel for the past five decades
- Author
-
Hadad, Ezra, Kosicki, Jakub Z., and Yosef, Reuven
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Antibody response in elderly vaccinated four times with an mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccine
- Author
-
Alexander Rouvinski, Ahuva Friedman, Saveliy Kirillov, Jordan Hannink Attal, Sujata Kumari, Jamal Fahoum, Reuven Wiener, Sophie Magen, Yevgeni Plotkin, Daniel Chemtob, and Herve Bercovier
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The humoral response after the fourth dose of a mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 has not been adequately described in elderly recipients, particularly those not exposed previously to SARS-CoV-2. Serum anti-RBD IgG levels (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay) and neutralizing capacities (spike SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus Wuhan and Omicron BA.1 variant) were measured after the third and fourth doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine among 46 elderly residents (median age 85 years [IQR 81; 89]) of an assisted living facility. Among participants never infected by SARS-CoV-2, the mean serum IgG levels against RBD (2025 BAU/ml), 99 days after the fourth vaccine, was as high as 76 days after the third vaccine (1987 BAU/ml), and significantly higher (p = 0.030) when the latter were corrected for elapsed time. Neutralizing antibody levels against the historical Wuhan strain were significantly higher (Mean 1046 vs 1573; p = 0.002) and broader (against Omicron) (Mean 170 vs 375; p = 0.018), following the fourth vaccine. The six individuals with an Omicron breakthrough infection mounted strong immune responses for anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant indicating that the fourth vaccine dose did not prevent a specific adaptation of the immune response. These findings point out the value of continued vaccine boosting in the elderly population
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Population trends of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Israel for the past five decades
- Author
-
Ezra Hadad, Jakub Z. Kosicki, and Reuven Yosef
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is considered “Near Threatened” globally and “Vulnerable” in the Middle East. In Israel, the species has experienced extreme population fluctuations owing to poisoning campaigns during the British Mandate (1918–1948) which were also further exacerbated by the Israeli authorities in the mid-twentieth century. We collated data from the archives of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority for the past 47 years to elucidate the temporal and geographic trends of this species. During this period we found a 68% increase in population and the estimated density is at present 2.1 individuals/100km2. This is significantly higher than all previous estimates for Israel. It appears that the major factors contributing to their phenomenal increase in number are the increase in prey availability because of the intensification of human development, preying on Bedouin livestock, the extinction of the leopard (Panthera pardus nimr), and the hunting of wild boars (Sus scorfa) and other agricultural pests in some parts of the country. Reasons should also be sought in increasing people's awareness as well as in advanced technological capabilities that have allowed an improved observation and reporting system. Future studies need to understand the effects of the large concentrations of striped hyenas on the spatial distribution and temporal activity of other sympatric wildlife to ensure the continued persistence of the wildlife guilds in the Israeli nature.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Regime shift dynamics, tipping points and the success of fisheries management
- Author
-
Alexandra M. Blöcker, Helene M. Gutte, Reuven L. Bender, Saskia A. Otto, Camilla Sguotti, and Christian Möllmann
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Recovery of depleted fish stocks is an important goal for fisheries management and crucial to sustain important ecosystem functions as well as global food security. Successful recovery requires adjusting fishing mortality to stock productivity but can be prevented or inhibited by additional anthropogenic impacts such as climate change. Despite management measures to recover fish stocks being in place in legislations such as the European Union´s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), recovery can be hindered by the occurrence of regime shift dynamics. Such non-linear discontinuous dynamics imply tipping points and bear the characteristics of abrupt change, hysteresis and non-stationary functional relationships. We here used the recent reform of the CFP as a natural experiment to investigate the existence of regime shift dynamics and its potential effects on the recovery potential on six strongly fished or even depleted commercial fish stocks in the North Sea. Using a set of statistical approaches we show that regime shift dynamics exist in all six fish stocks as a response to changes in fishing pressure and temperature. Our results furthermore demonstrate the context-dependence of such dynamics and hence the ability of management measures to rebuild depleted fish stocks, leading to either failed recovery or positive tipping.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A high-resolution flux-matrix model describes the spread of diseases in a spatial network and the effect of mitigation strategies
- Author
-
Guillaume Le Treut, Greg Huber, Mason Kamb, Kyle Kawagoe, Aaron McGeever, Jonathan Miller, Reuven Pnini, Boris Veytsman, and David Yllanes
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Propagation of an epidemic across a spatial network of communities is described by a variant of the SIR model accompanied by an intercommunity infectivity matrix. This matrix is estimated from fluxes between communities, obtained from cell-phone tracking data recorded in the USA between March 2020 and February 2021. We apply this model to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by fitting just one global parameter representing the frequency of interaction between individuals. We find that the predicted infections agree reasonably well with the reported cases. We clearly see the effect of “shelter-in-place” policies introduced at the onset of the pandemic. Interestingly, a model with uniform transmission rates produces similar results, suggesting that the epidemic transmission was deeply influenced by air travel. We then study the effect of alternative mitigation policies, in particular restricting long-range travel. We find that this policy is successful in decreasing the epidemic size and slowing down the spread, but less effective than the shelter-in-place policy. This policy can result in a pulled wave of infections. We express its velocity and characterize the shape of the traveling front as a function of the epidemiological parameters. Finally, we discuss a policy of selectively constraining travel based on an edge-betweenness criterion.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Distribution equality as an optimal epidemic mitigation strategy
- Author
-
Adar Hacohen, Reuven Cohen, Sol Efroni, Ido Bachelet, and Baruch Barzel
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Upon the development of a therapeutic, a successful response to a global pandemic relies on efficient worldwide distribution, a process constrained by our global shipping network. Most existing strategies seek to maximize the outflow of the therapeutics, hence optimizing for rapid dissemination. Here we find that this intuitive approach is, in fact, counterproductive. The reason is that by focusing strictly on the quantity of disseminated therapeutics, these strategies disregard the way in which this quantity distributes across destinations. Most crucially—they overlook the interplay of the therapeutic spreading patterns with those of the pathogens. This results in a discrepancy between supply and demand, that prohibits efficient mitigation even under optimal conditions of superfluous flow. To solve this, we design a dissemination strategy that naturally follows the predicted spreading patterns of the pathogens, optimizing not just for supply volume, but also for its congruency with the anticipated demand. Specifically, we show that epidemics spread relatively uniformly across all destinations, prompting us to introduce an equality constraint into our dissemination that prioritizes supply homogeneity. This strategy may, at times, slow down the supply rate in certain locations, however, thanks to its egalitarian nature, which mimics the flow of the pathogens, it provides a dramatic leap in overall mitigation efficiency, potentially saving more lives with orders of magnitude less resources.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A high-resolution flux-matrix model describes the spread of diseases in a spatial network and the effect of mitigation strategies
- Author
-
Le Treut, Guillaume, Huber, Greg, Kamb, Mason, Kawagoe, Kyle, McGeever, Aaron, Miller, Jonathan, Pnini, Reuven, Veytsman, Boris, and Yllanes, David
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Distribution equality as an optimal epidemic mitigation strategy
- Author
-
Hacohen, Adar, Cohen, Reuven, Efroni, Sol, Bachelet, Ido, and Barzel, Baruch
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Topological synchronization of chaotic systems
- Author
-
Lahav, Nir, Sendiña-Nadal, Irene, Hens, Chittaranjan, Ksherim, Baruch, Barzel, Baruch, Cohen, Reuven, and Boccaletti, Stefano
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Topological synchronization of chaotic systems
- Author
-
Nir Lahav, Irene Sendiña-Nadal, Chittaranjan Hens, Baruch Ksherim, Baruch Barzel, Reuven Cohen, and Stefano Boccaletti
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract A chaotic dynamics is typically characterized by the emergence of strange attractors with their fractal or multifractal structure. On the other hand, chaotic synchronization is a unique emergent self-organization phenomenon in nature. Classically, synchronization was characterized in terms of macroscopic parameters, such as the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. Recently, however, we attempted a microscopic description of synchronization, called topological synchronization, and showed that chaotic synchronization is, in fact, a continuous process that starts in low-density areas of the attractor. Here we analyze the relation between the two emergent phenomena by shifting the descriptive level of topological synchronization to account for the multifractal nature of the visited attractors. Namely, we measure the generalized dimension of the system and monitor how it changes while increasing the coupling strength. We show that during the gradual process of topological adjustment in phase space, the multifractal structures of each strange attractor of the two coupled oscillators continuously converge, taking a similar form, until complete topological synchronization ensues. According to our results, chaotic synchronization has a specific trait in various systems, from continuous systems and discrete maps to high dimensional systems: synchronization initiates from the sparse areas of the attractor, and it creates what we termed as the ‘zipper effect’, a distinctive pattern in the multifractal structure of the system that reveals the microscopic buildup of the synchronization process. Topological synchronization offers, therefore, a more detailed microscopic description of chaotic synchronization and reveals new information about the process even in cases of high mismatch parameters.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Cellular pathways during spawning induction in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
- Author
-
Shelly Reuven, Mieka Rinsky, Vera Brekhman, Assaf Malik, Oren Levy, and Tamar Lotan
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In cnidarians, long-term ecological success relies on sexual reproduction. The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, which has emerged as an important model organism for developmental studies, can be induced for spawning by temperature elevation and light exposure. To uncover molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying spawning, we characterized the transcriptome of Nematostella females before and during spawning induction. We identified an array of processes involving numerous receptors, circadian clock components, cytoskeleton, and extracellular transcripts that are upregulated upon spawning induction. Concurrently, processes related to the cell cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and other housekeeping functions are downregulated. Real-time qPCR revealed that light exposure has a minor effect on expression levels of most examined transcripts, implying that temperature change is a stronger inducer for spawning in Nematostella. Our findings reveal the potential mechanisms that may enable the mesenteries to serve as a gonad-like tissue for the developing oocytes and expand our understanding of sexual reproduction in cnidarians.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
- Author
-
Danny Rosenberg, Tatjana M. Gluhak, Daniel Kaufman, Reuven Yeshurun, and Mina Weinstein-Evron
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufian (ca. 15,000–11,700 cal. BP) basalt pestles from the site of el-Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the first time precise locations from where basalt raw materials were derived are provided. The results indicate that the Natufian hunter-gatherers used multiple sources of basaltic rocks, distributed over a large area surrounding the Sea of Galilee. This area is located at a considerable distance from EWT, ca. 60–120 km away, in a region where contemporaneous Natufian basecamps are few. We consider two possible models that suggest vehicles for the transportation of these artifacts to EWT, namely the exchange obtaining model (EOM) and the direct procurement model (DPM). We argue that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have operated together. We also suggest that at a time of increasing Natufian territoriality, a large area around the Sea of Galilee remained unclaimed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the two models. In particular, we note that the DPM implies that technological know-how for pestle production was maintained within the EWT community.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Natural history of social and sexual behavior in fruit flies
- Author
-
Reuven Dukas
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The past 2 decades have seen fruit flies being widely adopted for research on social behavior and aggression. This fruitful research, however, has not been well tied to fruit flies’ natural history. To address this knowledge gap, I conducted a field study. My goal was to inform future research conducted in artificial surroundings, and to inspire new investigations that can rely more heavily on fruit flies’ actual natural behavior. My two main novel findings were first, that flies in the field showed significant sociability, as they formed social groups rather than dispersed randomly among fruits of similar quality. Second, males showed fair levels of aggression towards each other as indicated by a lunging rate of 17 per hour, and lower rates of wing threat and boxing. Courtship was the most prominent activity on fruits, with females rejecting almost all males’ advances. This resulted in an estimated mating rate of 0.6 per female per day. Flies showed a striking peak of activity early in the mornings, even at cold temperatures, followed by inactivity for much of the day and night. Flies, however, handled well high temperatures approaching 40 °C by hiding away from fruit and concentrating activity in the cooler, early mornings. My field work highlights a few promising lines of future research informed by fruit flies’ natural history. Most importantly, we do not understand the intriguing dynamics that generate significant sociability despite frequent aggressive interactions on fruits. Males’ responses to female rejection signals varied widely, perhaps because the signals differed in information content perceived by flies but not humans. Finally, flies tolerated cold early mornings perhaps owing to fitness benefits associated with increased mating and feeding opportunities at this time. Flies were adept at handling very high temperatures under the natural daily temperature fluctuations and availability of shelters, and this can inform more realistic research on the effects of global warming on animals in their natural settings.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
- Author
-
Rosenberg, Danny, Gluhak, Tatjana M., Kaufman, Daniel, Yeshurun, Reuven, and Weinstein-Evron, Mina
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Cellular pathways during spawning induction in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
- Author
-
Reuven, Shelly, Rinsky, Mieka, Brekhman, Vera, Malik, Assaf, Levy, Oren, and Lotan, Tamar
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Natural history of social and sexual behavior in fruit flies
- Author
-
Dukas, Reuven
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Adjusting risk-taking to the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds
- Author
-
Peter Mikula, Mario Díaz, Tomáš Albrecht, Jukka Jokimäki, Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, Gal Kroitero, Anders Pape Møller, Piotr Tryjanowski, Reuven Yosef, and Martin Hromada
- Subjects
Flight Initiation Distance (FID) ,Escape Strategies ,Stop-over Sites ,Premature Escape ,Flock Size ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Life-history theory predicts that current behaviour affects future reproduction, implying that animals should optimise their escape strategies to reflect fitness costs and benefits of premature escape. Both costs and benefits of escape may change temporally with important consequences for the evolution of escape strategies. Moreover, escape strategies of species may differ according to their positions on slow–fast pace of life gradients. We studied risk-taking in long-distance migratory animals, waders (Charadriiformes), during the annual cycle, i.e., breeding in Europe, stopover in the Middle East and wintering in tropical Africa. Phylogenetically informed comparative analyses revealed that risk-taking (measured as flight initiation distance, FID) changed significantly over the year, being lowest during breeding and peaking at stopover sites. Similarly, relationships between risk-taking and life-history traits changed among stages of the annual cycle. While risk-taking significantly decreased with increasing body mass during breeding, risk-taking–body mass relationship became marginally significant in winter and disappeared during migration. The positive trend of risk-taking along slow–fast pace of life gradient measured as adult survival was only found during breeding. The season-dependent relationships between risk-taking and life history traits suggest that migrating animals respond to fluctuating environments by adopting behavioural plasticity.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Squamate bone taphonomy: A new experimental framework and its application to the Natufian zooarchaeological record
- Author
-
Lev, Ma‘ayan, Weinstein-Evron, Mina, and Yeshurun, Reuven
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Digitizable therapeutics for decentralized mitigation of global pandemics
- Author
-
Hacohen, Adar, Cohen, Reuven, Efroni, Sol, Barzel, Baruch, and Bachelet, Ido
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) induces posttranslational protein modification and reverses paralysis in EAE mice
- Author
-
Hayrabedyan, Soren, Shainer, Reut, Yekhtin, Zhanna, Weiss, Lola, Almogi-Hazan, Osnat, Or, Reuven, Farnsworth, Charles L., Newsome, Scott, Todorova, Krassimira, Paidas, Michael J., Brodie, Chaya, Barnea, Eytan R., and Mueller, Martin
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The first Neanderthal remains from an open-air Middle Palaeolithic site in the Levant
- Author
-
Ella Been, Erella Hovers, Ravid Ekshtain, Ariel Malinski-Buller, Nuha Agha, Alon Barash, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Stefano Benazzi, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Lihi Levin, Noam Greenbaum, Netta Mitki, Gregorio Oxilia, Naomi Porat, Joel Roskin, Michalle Soudack, Reuven Yeshurun, Ruth Shahack-Gross, Nadav Nir, Mareike C. Stahlschmidt, Yoel Rak, and Omry Barzilai
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The late Middle Palaeolithic (MP) settlement patterns in the Levant included the repeated use of caves and open landscape sites. The fossil record shows that two types of hominins occupied the region during this period—Neandertals and Homo sapiens. Until recently, diagnostic fossil remains were found only at cave sites. Because the two populations in this region left similar material cultural remains, it was impossible to attribute any open-air site to either species. In this study, we present newly discovered fossil remains from intact archaeological layers of the open-air site ‘Ein Qashish, in northern Israel. The hominin remains represent three individuals: EQH1, a nondiagnostic skull fragment; EQH2, an upper right third molar (RM3); and EQH3, lower limb bones of a young Neandertal male. EQH2 and EQH3 constitute the first diagnostic anatomical remains of Neandertals at an open-air site in the Levant. The optically stimulated luminescence ages suggest that Neandertals repeatedly visited ‘Ein Qashish between 70 and 60 ka. The discovery of Neandertals at open-air sites during the late MP reinforces the view that Neandertals were a resilient population in the Levant shortly before Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens populated the region.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Novel insights into the interaction of UBA5 with UFM1 via a UFM1-interacting sequence
- Author
-
Prasanth Padala, Walaa Oweis, Bayan Mashahreh, Nadine Soudah, Einav Cohen-Kfir, Emily A. Todd, Christopher E. Berndsen, and Reuven Wiener
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The modification of proteins by ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is implicated in many human diseases. Prior to conjugation, UFM1 undergoes activation by its cognate activating enzyme, UBA5. UBA5 is a non-canonical E1 activating enzyme that possesses an adenylation domain but lacks a distinct cysteine domain. Binding of UBA5 to UFM1 is mediated via an amino acid sequence, known as the UFM1-interacting sequence (UIS), located outside the adenylation domain that is required for UFM1 activation. However, the precise boundaries of the UIS are yet not clear and are still under debate. Here we revisit the interaction of UFM1 with UBA5 by determining the crystal structure of UFM1 fused to 13 amino acids of human UBA5. Using binding and activity assays, we found that His 336 of UBA5, previously not reported to be part of the UIS, occupies a negatively charged pocket on UFM1’s surface. This His is involved in UFM1 binding and if mutated perturbs activation of UFM1. Surprisingly, we also found that the interaction between two UFM1 molecules mimics how the UIS binds UFM1. Specifically, UFM1 His 70 resembles UBA5 His336 and enters a negatively charged pocked on the other UFM1 molecule. Our results refine our understanding of UFM1-UBA5 binding.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Regime shift dynamics, tipping points and the success of fisheries management
- Author
-
Alexandra M, Blöcker, Helene M, Gutte, Reuven L, Bender, Saskia A, Otto, Camilla, Sguotti, and Christian, Möllmann
- Abstract
Recovery of depleted fish stocks is an important goal for fisheries management and crucial to sustain important ecosystem functions as well as global food security. Successful recovery requires adjusting fishing mortality to stock productivity but can be prevented or inhibited by additional anthropogenic impacts such as climate change. Despite management measures to recover fish stocks being in place in legislations such as the European Union´s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), recovery can be hindered by the occurrence of regime shift dynamics. Such non-linear discontinuous dynamics imply tipping points and bear the characteristics of abrupt change, hysteresis and non-stationary functional relationships. We here used the recent reform of the CFP as a natural experiment to investigate the existence of regime shift dynamics and its potential effects on the recovery potential on six strongly fished or even depleted commercial fish stocks in the North Sea. Using a set of statistical approaches we show that regime shift dynamics exist in all six fish stocks as a response to changes in fishing pressure and temperature. Our results furthermore demonstrate the context-dependence of such dynamics and hence the ability of management measures to rebuild depleted fish stocks, leading to either failed recovery or positive tipping.
- Published
- 2022
28. Cellular pathways during spawning induction in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
- Author
-
Mieka Rinsky, Shelly Reuven, Vera Brekhman, Oren Levy, Assaf Malik, and Tamar Lotan
- Subjects
Light ,Molecular biology ,Physiology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Circadian clock ,Nematostella ,Sea anemone ,Transcriptome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal physiology ,Mesenteries ,Cytoskeleton ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Ecology ,Reproduction ,Temperature ,Starlet sea anemone ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Cell biology ,Medicine ,Female ,food.ingredient ,Evolution ,Photoperiod ,Science ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Article ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,food ,Circadian Clocks ,Animals ,Model organism ,Transcriptomics ,030304 developmental biology ,ved/biology ,urogenital system ,fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,Sexual reproduction ,Sea Anemones ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Oocytes ,Gene expression ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In cnidarians, long-term ecological success relies on sexual reproduction. The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, which has emerged as an important model organism for developmental studies, can be induced for spawning by temperature elevation and light exposure. To uncover molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying spawning, we characterized the transcriptome of Nematostella females before and during spawning induction. We identified an array of processes involving numerous receptors, circadian clock components, cytoskeleton, and extracellular transcripts that are upregulated upon spawning induction. Concurrently, processes related to the cell cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and other housekeeping functions are downregulated. Real-time qPCR revealed that light exposure has a minor effect on expression levels of most examined transcripts, implying that temperature change is a stronger inducer for spawning in Nematostella. Our findings reveal the mechanisms that may enable the mesenteries to serve as a gonad-like tissue for the developing oocytes and expand our understanding of sexual reproduction in cnidarians.Summary statementAnalysis of transcriptional changes during spawning induction in Nematostella vectensis, revealed upregulation of processes related to signal perception and cytoskeleton rearrangement and downregulation of fatty acid metabolism and housekeeping processes.
- Published
- 2021
29. Adjusting risk-taking to the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds
- Author
-
Mikula, Peter, Díaz, Mario, Albrecht, Tomáš, Jokimäki, Jukka, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, Marja-Liisa, Kroitero, Gal, Møller, Anders Pape, Tryjanowski, Piotr, Yosef, Reuven, and Hromada, Martin
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Experimental evidence that thermal selection shapes mitochondrial genome evolution
- Author
-
Lajbner, Zdeněk, Pnini, Reuven, Camus, M. Florencia, Miller, Jonathan, and Dowling, Damian K.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Emergence of Animal Management in the Southern Levant
- Author
-
Munro, Natalie D., Bar-Oz, Guy, Meier, Jacqueline S., Sapir-Hen, Lidar, Stiner, Mary C., and Yeshurun, Reuven
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Distribution equality as an optimal epidemic mitigation strategy
- Author
-
Reuven Cohen, Adar Hacohen, Sol Efroni, Ido Bachelet, and Baruch Barzel
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Computer science ,Viral spread ,Epidemics ,Pandemics ,Supply and demand - Abstract
Upon the development of a therapeutic, a successful response to a global pandemic relies on efficient worldwide distribution, a process constrained by our global shipping network. Most existing strategies seek to maximize the outflow of the therapeutics, hence optimizing for rapid dissemination. Here we find that this intuitive approach is, in fact, counterproductive. The reason is that by focusing strictly on the quantity of disseminated therapeutics, these strategies disregard the way in which this quantity distributes across destinations. Most crucially—they overlook the interplay of the therapeutic spreading patterns with those of the pathogens. This results in a discrepancy between supply and demand, that prohibits efficient mitigation even under optimal conditions of superfluous flow. To solve this, we design a dissemination strategy that naturally follows the predicted spreading patterns of the pathogens, optimizing not just for supply volume, but also for its congruency with the anticipated demand. Specifically, we show that epidemics spread relatively uniformly across all destinations, prompting us to introduce an equality constraint into our dissemination that prioritizes supply homogeneity. This strategy may, at times, slow down the supply rate in certain locations, however, thanks to its egalitarian nature, which mimics the flow of the pathogens, it provides a dramatic leap in overall mitigation efficiency, potentially saving more lives with orders of magnitude less resources.
- Published
- 2022
33. Squamate bone taphonomy: A new experimental framework and its application to the Natufian zooarchaeological record
- Author
-
Mina Weinstein-Evron, Reuven Yeshurun, and Ma‘ayan Lev
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Taphonomy ,Pleistocene ,Culture ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Bone and Bones ,Eating ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,Israel ,lcsh:Science ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,European glass lizard ,060101 anthropology ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Fossils ,Lizard ,lcsh:R ,Palaeoecology ,Paleontology ,Lizards ,Snakes ,06 humanities and the arts ,Archaeology ,Diet ,Geography ,Period (geology) ,lcsh:Q ,Trampling ,Zoology - Abstract
Squamate (lizard and snake) remains are abundant in the terminal Pleistocene Natufian archaeological sites of the Levant, raising the question of whether they constitute part of the broad-spectrum diet characteristic of this period. However, the role of squamates in Natufian diets remains unclear, as they are taphonomically under-studied. We conducted a series of experiments and actualistic observations that tested the impact of pre- and post-depositional processes on squamate vertebrae. We emphasized the multiple destruction processes that leave overlapping or altered marks on the bones, such as digestion marks that were modified by trampling. The resulting bone modification typology provides a tool for studying archaeological squamate remains. The experimental data were compared to the archaeological bone samples of the Natufian sequence of el-Wad Terrace (Mount Carmel, Israel, 15,000–12,000 cal BP). The Natufian squamate samples deviate from all actualistic ones in their lesser evidence of digestion and much greater indications for trampling, erosion and breakage. The taphonomic study, coupled with intra-site analysis, has unraveled the complex depositional history of el-Wad Terrace, enabling us to differentiate between cultural and non-cultural contexts and to identify possible human consumption of the European glass lizard and the large whip snake in the Natufian.
- Published
- 2020
34. Digitizable therapeutics for decentralized mitigation of global pandemics
- Author
-
Baruch Barzel, Ido Bachelet, Sol Efroni, Adar Hacohen, and Reuven Cohen
- Subjects
Computer science ,Distributed computing ,Drug Compounding ,Risk Evaluation and Mitigation ,Complex networks ,lcsh:Medicine ,Global Health ,Decentralization ,Article ,Supply and demand ,Competition (economics) ,Lead (geology) ,Disease Transmission, Infectious ,Production (economics) ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Pandemics ,Multidisciplinary ,Scale (chemistry) ,lcsh:R ,Bioprinting ,DNA ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,lcsh:Q ,Statistical physics - Abstract
When confronted with a globally spreading epidemic, we seek efficient strategies for drug dissemination, creating a competition between supply and demand at a global scale. Propagating along similar networks, e.g., air-transportation, the spreading dynamics of the supply vs. the demand are, however, fundamentally different, with the pathogens driven by contagion dynamics, and the drugs by commodity flow. We show that these different dynamics lead to intrinsically distinct spreading patterns: while viruses spread homogeneously across all destinations, creating a concurrent global demand, commodity flow unavoidably leads to a highly uneven spread, in which selected nodes are rapidly supplied, while the majority remains deprived. Consequently, even under ideal conditions of extreme production and shipping capacities, due to the inherent heterogeneity of network-based commodity flow, efficient mitigation becomes practically unattainable, as homogeneous demand is met by highly heterogeneous supply. Therefore, we propose here a decentralized mitigation strategy, based on local production and dissemination of therapeutics, that, in effect, bypasses the existing distribution networks. Such decentralization is enabled thanks to the recent development of digitizable therapeutics, based on, e.g., short DNA sequences or printable chemical compounds, that can be distributed as digital sequence files and synthesized on location via DNA/3D printing technology. We test our decentralized mitigation under extremely challenging conditions, such as suppressed local production rates or low therapeutic efficacy, and find that thanks to its homogeneous nature, it consistently outperforms the centralized alternative, saving many more lives with significantly less resources.
- Published
- 2019
35. Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF) induces posttranslational protein modification and reverses paralysis in EAE mice
- Author
-
Reut Shainer, Osnat Almogi-Hazan, Lola Weiss, Reuven Or, Eytan R. Barnea, Martin Mueller, Charles Farnsworth, Chaya Brodie, Soren Hayrabedyan, Michael J. Paidas, Zhanna Yekhtin, Krassimira Todorova, Scott D. Newsome, RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, and Kindergeneeskunde
- Subjects
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ,KINASE-A ,Encephalomyelitis ,lcsh:Medicine ,610 Medicine & health ,PREVENTS ,Article ,DISEASE ,NEUROINFLAMMATION ,Multiple sclerosis ,Mice ,medicine ,Animals ,Paralysis ,BRAIN ,Protein kinase A ,lcsh:Science ,Protein kinase C ,Autoimmune encephalitis ,NEUROPROTECTION ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ,Neurodegeneration ,lcsh:R ,medicine.disease ,Neuroregeneration ,SYNDECAN-1 ,Cancer research ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Peptides ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Post-translational modifications - Abstract
An autoimmune response against myelin protein is considered one of the key pathogenic processes that initiates multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available MS disease modifying therapies have demonstrated to reduce the frequency of inflammatory attacks. However, they appear limited in preventing disease progression and neurodegeneration. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammation and neuroregeneration are urgently needed. A new pregnancy derived synthetic peptide, synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF), crosses the blood-brain barrier and prevents neuro-inflammation. We report that sPIF reduces paralysis and de-myelination of the brain in a clinically-relevant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model. These effects, at least in part, are due to post-translational modifications, which involve cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC), and immune regulation. In terms of potential MS treatment, sPIF was successfully tested in neurodegenerative animal models of perinatal brain injury and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Importantly, sPIF received a FDA Fast Track Approval for first in human trial in autommuninty (completed).
- Published
- 2019
36. Topological synchronization of chaotic systems
- Author
-
Nir Lahav, Irene Sendiña-Nadal, Chittaranjan Hens, Baruch Ksherim, Baruch Barzel, Reuven Cohen, and Stefano Boccaletti
- Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics ,Multidisciplinary ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD) ,Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics - Abstract
A chaotic dynamics is typically characterized by the emergence of strange attractors with their fractal or multifractal structure. On the other hand, chaotic synchronization is a unique emergent self-organization phenomenon in nature. Classically, synchronization was characterized in terms of macroscopic parameters, such as the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. Recently, however, we attempted a microscopic description of synchronization, called topological synchronization, and showed that chaotic synchronization is, in fact, a continuous process that starts in low-density areas of the attractor. Here we analyze the relation between the two emergent phenomena by shifting the descriptive level of topological synchronization to account for the multifractal nature of the visited attractors. Namely, we measure the generalized dimension of the system and monitor how it changes while increasing the coupling strength. We show that during the gradual process of topological adjustment in phase space, the multifractal structures of each strange attractor of the two coupled oscillators continuously converge, taking a similar form, until complete topological synchronization ensues. According to our results, chaotic synchronization has a specific trait in various systems, from continuous systems and discrete maps to high dimensional systems: synchronization initiates from the sparse areas of the attractor, and it creates what we termed as the ‘zipper effect’, a distinctive pattern in the multifractal structure of the system that reveals the microscopic buildup of the synchronization process. Topological synchronization offers, therefore, a more detailed microscopic description of chaotic synchronization and reveals new information about the process even in cases of high mismatch parameters.
- Published
- 2021
37. Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
- Author
-
Daniel Kaufman, Reuven Yeshurun, Danny Rosenberg, Tatjana M. Gluhak, and Mina Weinstein-Evron
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Provenance ,Earth science ,Science ,Mutually exclusive events ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Procurement ,0601 history and archaeology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Petrology ,Basalt ,geography ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,060102 archaeology ,business.industry ,Geology ,06 humanities and the arts ,Mineralogy ,Geochemistry ,Terrace (geology) ,Food processing ,Medicine ,business ,Basaltic rock - Abstract
We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufian (ca. 15,000–11,700 cal. BP) basalt pestles from the site of el-Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the first time precise locations from where basalt raw materials were derived are provided. The results indicate that the Natufian hunter-gatherers used multiple sources of basaltic rocks, distributed over a large area surrounding the Sea of Galilee. This area is located at a considerable distance from EWT, ca. 60–120 km away, in a region where contemporaneous Natufian basecamps are few. We consider two possible models that suggest vehicles for the transportation of these artifacts to EWT, namely the exchange obtaining model (EOM) and the direct procurement model (DPM). We argue that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have operated together. We also suggest that at a time of increasing Natufian territoriality, a large area around the Sea of Galilee remained unclaimed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the two models. In particular, we note that the DPM implies that technological know-how for pestle production was maintained within the EWT community.
- Published
- 2020
38. The first Neanderthal remains from an open-air Middle Palaeolithic site in the Levant
- Author
-
Naomi Porat, Stefano Benazzi, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Nadav Nir, Ariel Malinski-Buller, Nuha Agha, Alon Barash, Yoel Rak, Ruth Shahack-Gross, Erella Hovers, Omry Barzilai, Gregorio Oxilia, Ella Been, Lihi Levin, Joel Roskin, Netta Mitki, Ravid Ekshtain, Mareike Cordula Stahlschmidt, Reuven Yeshurun, Noam Greenbaum, Michalle Soudack, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Been, Ella, Hovers, Erella, Ekshtain, Ravid, Malinski-buller, Ariel, Agha, Nuha, Barash, Alon, Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-yosef, Benazzi, Stefano, Hublin, Jean-jacque, Levin, Lihi, Greenbaum, Noam, Mitki, Netta, Oxilia, Gregorio, Porat, Naomi, Roskin, Joel, Soudack, Michalle, Yeshurun, Reuven, Shahack-gross, Ruth, Nir, Nadav, Stahlschmidt, Mareike C., Rak, Yoel, and Barzilai, Omry
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Neanderthal ,Science ,Population ,01 natural sciences ,Lower limb ,Bone and Bones ,Article ,multidisciplinary ,taxonomy ,Paleontology ,Cave ,Digital Method ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,Israel ,education ,Levant ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Open air ,Neanderthals ,geography ,education.field_of_study ,060101 anthropology ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Fossil Record ,biology ,Fossils ,Hominidae ,06 humanities and the arts ,Archaeology ,Skull ,Human Remain ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Homo sapiens ,Medicine ,Tooth ,Neandertal - Abstract
The late Middle Palaeolithic (MP) settlement patterns in the Levant included the repeated use of caves and open landscape sites. The fossil record shows that two types of hominins occupied the region during this period—Neandertals and Homo sapiens. Until recently, diagnostic fossil remains were found only at cave sites. Because the two populations in this region left similar material cultural remains, it was impossible to attribute any open-air site to either species. In this study, we present newly discovered fossil remains from intact archaeological layers of the open-air site ‘Ein Qashish, in northern Israel. The hominin remains represent three individuals: EQH1, a nondiagnostic skull fragment; EQH2, an upper right third molar (RM3); and EQH3, lower limb bones of a young Neandertal male. EQH2 and EQH3 constitute the first diagnostic anatomical remains of Neandertals at an open-air site in the Levant. The optically stimulated luminescence ages suggest that Neandertals repeatedly visited ‘Ein Qashish between 70 and 60 ka. The discovery of Neandertals at open-air sites during the late MP reinforces the view that Neandertals were a resilient population in the Levant shortly before Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens populated the region.
- Published
- 2017
39. The Emergence of Animal Management in the Southern Levant
- Author
-
Reuven Yeshurun, Lidar Sapir-Hen, Natalie D. Munro, Jacqueline Meier, Mary C. Stiner, and Guy Bar-Oz
- Subjects
Mediterranean climate ,Ungulate ,Southern Levant ,lcsh:Medicine ,Article ,Domestication ,Middle East ,Animals ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,lcsh:Science ,Management practices ,060101 anthropology ,Multidisciplinary ,Epipaleolithic ,060102 archaeology ,biology ,Geography ,Ecology ,lcsh:R ,06 humanities and the arts ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal management ,Archaeology ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Our compilation of zooarchaeological data from a series of important archaeological sites spanning the Epipaleolithic through Pre-Pottery Neolithic B periods in the Mediterranean Hills of the southern Levant contributes to major debates about the beginnings of ungulate management in Southwest Asia. The data support an onset of ungulate management practices by the Early PPNB (10,500–10,000 cal. BP), more than 500 years earlier than previously thought for this region. There is a clear developmental connection between reduced hunting intensity and the uptake of ungulate management, confirming that this process began in response to local, density-dependent demographic factors. The early process of goat domestication in the southern Levant appears to have been overwhelmingly local. This may have been true for cattle and pigs as well. Nevertheless, the loose synchrony of animal management trends across Southwest Asia was undoubtedly enabled by large-scale social networks that transmitted knowledge. The results add to growing evidence that animal management processes followed multiple regional evolutionary pathways within the Fertile Crescent.
- Published
- 2018
40. Novel insights into the interaction of UBA5 with UFM1 via a UFM1-interacting sequence
- Author
-
Walaa Oweis, Einav Cohen-Kfir, Emily A. Todd, Reuven Wiener, Prasanth Padala, Nadine Soudah, Bayan Mashahreh, and Christopher E. Berndsen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Sequence (biology) ,Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signaling proteins ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Peptide sequence ,Adenylylation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Proteins ,Amino acid ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biophysics ,Medicine ,Protein Binding ,Cysteine - Abstract
The modification of proteins by ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is implicated in many human diseases. Prior to conjugation, UFM1 undergoes activation by its cognate activating enzyme, UBA5. UBA5 is a non-canonical E1 activating enzyme that possesses an adenylation domain but lacks a distinct cysteine domain. Binding of UBA5 to UFM1 is mediated via an amino acid sequence, known as the UFM1-interacting sequence (UIS), located outside the adenylation domain that is required for UFM1 activation. However, the precise boundaries of the UIS are yet not clear and are still under debate. Here we revisit the interaction of UFM1 with UBA5 by determining the crystal structure of UFM1 fused to 13 amino acids of human UBA5. Using binding and activity assays, we found that His 336 of UBA5, previously not reported to be part of the UIS, occupies a negatively charged pocket on UFM1’s surface. This His is involved in UFM1 binding and if mutated perturbs activation of UFM1. Surprisingly, we also found that the interaction between two UFM1 molecules mimics how the UIS binds UFM1. Specifically, UFM1 His 70 resembles UBA5 His336 and enters a negatively charged pocked on the other UFM1 molecule. Our results refine our understanding of UFM1-UBA5 binding.
- Published
- 2017
41. Aerosol effect on the evolution of the thermodynamic properties of warm convective cloud fields
- Author
-
Orit Altaratz, Reuven H. Heiblum, Ilan Koren, and Guy Dagan
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Moisture ,Condensation ,Evaporation ,Humidity ,Convective temperature ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Aerosol ,Atmosphere ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Convective cloud formation and evolution strongly depend on environmental temperature and humidity profiles. The forming clouds change the profiles that created them by redistributing heat and moisture. Here we show that the evolution of the field’s thermodynamic properties depends heavily on the concentration of aerosol, liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere. Under polluted conditions, rain formation is suppressed and the non-precipitating clouds act to warm the lower part of the cloudy layer (where there is net condensation) and cool and moisten the upper part of the cloudy layer (where there is net evaporation), thereby destabilizing the layer. Under clean conditions, precipitation causes net warming of the cloudy layer and net cooling of the sub-cloud layer (driven by rain evaporation), which together act to stabilize the atmosphere with time. Previous studies have examined different aspects of the effects of clouds on their environment. Here, we offer a complete analysis of the cloudy atmosphere, spanning the aerosol effect from instability-consumption to enhancement, below, inside and above warm clouds, showing the temporal evolution of the effects. We propose a direct measure for the magnitude and sign of the aerosol effect on thermodynamic instability.
- Published
- 2016
42. Enabling High Efficiency Nanoplasmonics with Novel Nanoantenna Architectures
- Author
-
Moshik Cohen, Reuven Shavit, and Zeev Zalevsky
- Subjects
Physics ,Coupling ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Electron ,Surface plasmon polariton ,Article ,Dipole ,CMOS ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Quantum ,Nanodevice ,Plasmon - Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are propagating excitations that arise from coupling of light with collective electron oscillations. Characterized by high field intensity and nanometric dimensions, SPPs fashion rapid expansion of interest from fundamental and applicative perspectives. However, high metallic losses at optical frequencies still make nanoplasmonics impractical when high absolute efficiency is paramount, with major challenge is efficient plasmon generation in deep nanoscale. Here we introduce the Plantenna, the first reported nanodevice with the potential of addressing these limitations utilizing novel plasmonic architecture. The Plantenna has simple 2D structure, ultracompact dimensions and is fabricated on Silicon chip for future CMOS integration. We design the Plantenna to feed channel (20 nm × 20 nm) nanoplasmonic waveguides, achieving 52% coupling efficiency with Plantenna dimensions of λ3/17,000. We theoretically and experimentally show that the Plantenna enormously outperforms dipole couplers, achieving 28 dB higher efficiency with broad polarization diversity and huge local field enhancement. Our findings confirm the Plantenna as enabling device for high efficiency plasmonic technologies such as quantum nanoplasmonics, molecular strong coupling and plasmon nanolasers.
- Published
- 2015
43. Nanorod Surface Plasmon Enhancement of Laser-Induced Ultrafast Demagnetization
- Author
-
Reuven Gordon, Byoung C. Choi, Haitian Xu, Ghazal Hajisalem, and Geoffrey M. Steeves
- Subjects
Kerr effect ,Materials science ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser pumping ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,law.invention ,Magnetization ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Surface plasmon resonance ,010306 general physics ,Magnetization dynamics ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Surface plasmon ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Optoelectronics ,Nanorod ,Data mining ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,computer - Abstract
Ultrafast laser-induced magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic thin films were measured using a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser in a pump-probe magneto-optic Kerr effect setup. The effect of plasmon resonance on the transient magnetization was investigated by drop-coating the ferromagnetic films with dimensionally-tuned gold nanorods supporting longitudinal surface plasmon resonance near the central wavelength of the pump laser. With ~4% nanorod areal coverage, we observe a >50% increase in demagnetization signal in nanorod-coated samples at pump fluences on the order of 0.1 mJ/cm2 due to surface plasmon-mediated localized electric-field enhancement, an effect which becomes more significant at higher laser fluences. We were able to qualitatively reproduce the experimental observations using finite-difference time-domain simulations and mean-field theory. This dramatic enhancement of ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization points to possible applications of nanorod-coated thin films in heat-assisted magnetic recording.
- Published
- 2015
44. The first Neanderthal remains from an open-air Middle Palaeolithic site in the Levant
- Author
-
Been, Ella, primary, Hovers, Erella, additional, Ekshtain, Ravid, additional, Malinski-Buller, Ariel, additional, Agha, Nuha, additional, Barash, Alon, additional, Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef, additional, Benazzi, Stefano, additional, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, additional, Levin, Lihi, additional, Greenbaum, Noam, additional, Mitki, Netta, additional, Oxilia, Gregorio, additional, Porat, Naomi, additional, Roskin, Joel, additional, Soudack, Michalle, additional, Yeshurun, Reuven, additional, Shahack-Gross, Ruth, additional, Nir, Nadav, additional, Stahlschmidt, Mareike C., additional, Rak, Yoel, additional, and Barzilai, Omry, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Novel insights into the interaction of UBA5 with UFM1 via a UFM1-interacting sequence
- Author
-
Padala, Prasanth, primary, Oweis, Walaa, additional, Mashahreh, Bayan, additional, Soudah, Nadine, additional, Cohen-Kfir, Einav, additional, Todd, Emily A., additional, Berndsen, Christopher E., additional, and Wiener, Reuven, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Aerosol effect on the evolution of the thermodynamic properties of warm convective cloud fields
- Author
-
Dagan, Guy, primary, Koren, Ilan, additional, Altaratz, Orit, additional, and Heiblum, Reuven H., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. 14,000-year-old seeds indicate the Levantine origin of the lost progenitor of faba bean
- Author
-
Caracuta, Valentina, primary, Weinstein-Evron, Mina, additional, Kaufman, Daniel, additional, Yeshurun, Reuven, additional, Silvent, Jeremie, additional, and Boaretto, Elisabetta, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Observing Optical Plasmons on a Single Nanometer Scale
- Author
-
Reuven Shavit, Zeev Zalevsky, and Moshik Cohen
- Subjects
Kelvin probe force microscope ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Surface plasmon ,Nanophotonics ,Physics::Optics ,Near and far field ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,Microscopy ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Nanoscopic scale ,Image resolution ,Plasmon - Abstract
The exceptional capability of plasmonic structures to confine light into deep subwavelength volumes has fashioned rapid expansion of interest from both fundamental and applicative perspectives. Surface plasmon nanophotonics enables to investigate light - matter interaction in deep nanoscale and harness electromagnetic and quantum properties of materials, thus opening pathways for tremendous potential applications. However, imaging optical plasmonic waves on a single nanometer scale is yet a substantial challenge mainly due to size and energy considerations. Here, for the first time, we use Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) under optical illumination to image and characterize plasmonic modes. We experimentally demonstrate unprecedented spatial resolution and measurement sensitivity both on the order of a single nanometer. By comparing experimentally obtained images with theoretical calculation results, we show that KPFM maps may provide valuable information on the phase of the optical near field. Additionally, we propose a theoretical model for the relation between surface plasmons and the material workfunction measured by KPFM. Our findings provide the path for using KPFM for high resolution measurements of optical plasmons, prompting the scientific frontier towards quantum plasmonic imaging on submolecular scales.
- Published
- 2014
49. Enabling High Efficiency Nanoplasmonics with Novel Nanoantenna Architectures
- Author
-
Cohen, Moshik, primary, Shavit, Reuven, additional, and Zalevsky, Zeev, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Nanorod Surface Plasmon Enhancement of Laser-Induced Ultrafast Demagnetization
- Author
-
Xu, Haitian, primary, Hajisalem, Ghazal, additional, Steeves, Geoffrey M., additional, Gordon, Reuven, additional, and Choi, Byoung C., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.