35 results on '"Ravi, K."'
Search Results
2. Sharing of proximal fibers by the anterolateral and lateral collateral ligaments in the human knee: a cadaveric study
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Ashutosh Kumar, Khursheed Raza, Hare Krishna, Ravi K. Narayan, Rakesh K. Jha, Chiman Kumari, Adil Asghar, Tarun Kumar, and Prabhat Agrawal
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Literature is highly inconsistent in describing the proximal attachment of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and its relationship with the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in human knees. This observational study aims to investigate that lacuna. The gross dissection was performed in the lower limbs (n = 83) from the donated adult-age (> 18 years) embalmed cadavers from medical institutions in the north and east India. The dissected knee specimens were first examined macroscopically. Further routine and special staining and microscopic examinations were performed. The ALL was absent in approximately 20.4% of the studied knee specimens (17/83). In remaining, the sharing of ALL and LCL proximal fibers was observed as a consistent finding (~ 97%) with rare exceptions. The mean length of the tibial and meniscal limbs of ALL was 1.57 ± 0.8 cm [Range (R) 0.5–4 cm] and 0.73 ± 0.47 cm [Range (R) 0.1–1.6 cm], respectively. In addition, multiple variations in its presentation were observed. We propose that the proximal sharing of LCL-ALL fibers is a dominant feature in the studied population. The sharing of the fibers may impact the biomechanics and injury mechanisms for both ligaments. The possibility of ethnic variations in the ALL morphology should be a concern during reconstruction surgery.
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- 2023
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3. Development of an ammonia-biodiesel dual fuel combustion engine's injection strategy map using response surface optimization and artificial neural network prediction
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Elumalai, R., Ravi, K., Elumalai, P. V., Sreenivasa Reddy, M., Prakash, E., and Sekar, Prabhakar
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- 2024
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4. The effects of response inhibition training following binge memory retrieval in young adults binge eaters: a randomised-controlled experimental study
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Ravi K. Das, Emma A. Cawley, Louise Simeonov, Giulia Piazza, Ulrike Schmidt, Reinout W. H. J. Wiers, and Sunjeev K. Kamboj
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Binge eating is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and can have a lasting harmful impact on mental and physical health. Mechanistic insights suggest that aberrant reward-learning and biased cognitive processing may be involved in the aetiology of binge eating. We therefore investigated whether recently developed approaches to catalyse brief interventions by putatively updating maladaptive memory could also boost the effects of cognitive bias modification training on binge eating behaviour. A non-treatment-seeking sample of 90 binge eating young adults were evenly randomised to undergo either selective food response inhibition training, or sham training following binge memory reactivation. A third group received training without binge memory reactivation. Laboratory measures of reactivity and biased responses to food cues were assessed pre-post intervention and bingeing behaviour and disordered eating assessed up to 9 months post-intervention. The protocol was pre-registered at https://osf.io/82c4r/ . We found limited evidence of premorbid biased processing in lab-assessed measures of cognitive biases to self-selected images of typical binge foods. Accordingly, there was little evidence of CBM reducing these biases and this was not boosted by prior ‘reactivation’ of binge food reward memories. No group differences were observed on long-term bingeing behaviour, caloric consumption or disordered eating symptomatology. These findings align with recent studies showing limited impact of selective inhibition training on binge eating and do not permit conclusions regarding the utility of retrieval-dependent memory ‘update’ mechanisms as a treatment catalyst for response inhibition training.
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- 2022
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5. The effects of response inhibition training following binge memory retrieval in young adults binge eaters: a randomised-controlled experimental study
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Das, Ravi K., Cawley, Emma A., Simeonov, Louise, Piazza, Giulia, Schmidt, Ulrike, Wiers, Reinout W. H. J., and Kamboj, Sunjeev K.
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- 2022
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6. Investigating soil properties and vegetation parameters in different biochar-amended vegetated soil at large suction for application in bioengineered structures
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Hussain, Rojimul and Ravi, K.
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- 2022
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7. Biased TCR gene usage in citrullinated Tenascin C specific T-cells in rheumatoid arthritis
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Ravi K. Sharma, Sanjay V. Boddul, Niyaz Yoosuf, Sara Turcinov, Anatoly Dubnovitsky, Genadiy Kozhukh, Fredrik Wermeling, William W. Kwok, Lars Klareskog, and Vivianne Malmström
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract We aimed to search for common features in the autoreactive T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on the newly identified candidate antigen citrullinated Tenascin C (cit-TNC). Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood or synovial fluid of eight RA-patients positive for the RA-associated HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele were in-vitro cultured with recently identified citrullinated peptides from Tenascin C. Antigen-specific T cells were isolated using peptide-HLA tetramer staining and subsequently single-cell sequenced for paired alpha/beta TCR analyses by bioinformatic tools. TCRs were re-expressed for further studies of antigen-specificity and T cell responses. Autoreactive T cell lines could be grown out from both peripheral blood and synovial fluid. We demonstrate the feasibility of retrieving true autoreactive TCR sequences by validating antigen-specificity in T cell lines with re-expressed TCRs. One of the Tenascin C peptides, cit-TNC22, gave the most robust T cell responses including biased TCR gene usage patterns. The shared TCR-beta chain signature among the cit-TNC22-specific TCRs was evident in blood and synovial fluid of different patients. The identification of common elements in the autoreactive TCR repertoire gives promise to the possibility of both immune monitoring of the autoimmune components in RA and of future antigen- or TCR-targeted specific intervention in subsets of patients.
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- 2021
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8. Biased TCR gene usage in citrullinated Tenascin C specific T-cells in rheumatoid arthritis
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Sharma, Ravi K., Boddul, Sanjay V., Yoosuf, Niyaz, Turcinov, Sara, Dubnovitsky, Anatoly, Kozhukh, Genadiy, Wermeling, Fredrik, Kwok, William W., Klareskog, Lars, and Malmström, Vivianne
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- 2021
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9. Author Correction: Biocementation mediated by native microbes from Brahmaputra riverbank for mitigation of soil erodibility
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Dubey, Anant Aishwarya, Ravi, K., Mukherjee, Abhijit, Sahoo, Lingaraj, Abiala, Moses Akindele, and Dhami, Navdeep K.
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- 2021
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10. Biocementation mediated by native microbes from Brahmaputra riverbank for mitigation of soil erodibility
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Dubey, Anant Aishwarya, Ravi, K., Mukherjee, Abhijit, Sahoo, Lingaraj, Abiala, Moses Akindele, and Dhami, Navdeep K.
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- 2021
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11. Response of compacted bentonite to hyperalkalinity and thermal history
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Kale, Rohini C., Kapil, Bhanwariwal, and Ravi, K.
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- 2021
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12. Factors affecting stability of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor
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Wessels, Jocelyn M., Agarwal, Ravi K., Somani, Aamer, Verschoor, Chris P., Agarwal, Sanjay K., and Foster, Warren G.
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- 2020
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13. Bladder Cancer Treatment Response Assessment in CT using Radiomics with Deep-Learning
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Kenny H. Cha, Lubomir Hadjiiski, Heang-Ping Chan, Alon Z. Weizer, Ajjai Alva, Richard H. Cohan, Elaine M. Caoili, Chintana Paramagul, and Ravi K. Samala
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Cross-sectional X-ray imaging has become the standard for staging most solid organ malignancies. However, for some malignancies such as urinary bladder cancer, the ability to accurately assess local extent of the disease and understand response to systemic chemotherapy is limited with current imaging approaches. In this study, we explored the feasibility that radiomics-based predictive models using pre- and post-treatment computed tomography (CT) images might be able to distinguish between bladder cancers with and without complete chemotherapy responses. We assessed three unique radiomics-based predictive models, each of which employed different fundamental design principles ranging from a pattern recognition method via deep-learning convolution neural network (DL-CNN), to a more deterministic radiomics feature-based approach and then a bridging method between the two, utilizing a system which extracts radiomics features from the image patterns. Our study indicates that the computerized assessment using radiomics information from the pre- and post-treatment CT of bladder cancer patients has the potential to assist in assessment of treatment response.
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- 2017
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14. First-In-Human Phase 1 Clinical Trials – A Single-Center Experience In The Era Of Modern Oncotherapeutics
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Paluri, Ravi K., Li, Peng, Anderson, Ashley, Nandagopal, Lakshminarayana, McArdle, Traci, Young, Matthew, Robert, Franscisco, Naik, Gurudatta, and Saleh, Mansoor
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- 2020
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15. In Vitro Modulation of Redox and Metabolism Interplay at the Brain Vascular Endothelium: Genomic and Proteomic Profiles of Sulforaphane Activity
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Sajja, Ravi K., Kaisar, Mohammad A., Vijay, Vikrant, Desai, Varsha G., Prasad, Shikha, and Cucullo, Luca
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- 2018
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16. COVID-19 due to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant compared to B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational cohort study
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Kläser, Kerstin, Molteni, Erika, Graham, Mark, Canas, Liane S., Österdahl, Marc F., Antonelli, Michela, Chen, Liyuan, Deng, Jie, Murray, Benjamin, Kerfoot, Eric, Wolf, Jonathan, May, Anna, Fox, Ben, Capdevila, Joan, Aanensen, David M., Abudahab, Khalil, Adams, Helen, Adams, Alexander, Afifi, Safiah, Aggarwal, Dinesh, Ahmad, Shazaad S. Y., Aigrain, Louise, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, Allara, Elias, Amato, Roberto, Angyal, Adrienn, Annett, Tara, Aplin, Stephen, Ariani, Cristina V., Asad, Hibo, Ash, Amy, Ashfield, Paula, Ashford, Fiona, Atkinson, Laura, Attwood, Stephen W., Auckland, Cressida, Aydin, Alp, Baker, David J., Baker, Paul, Balcazar, Carlos E., Ball, Jonathan, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Barrow, Magdalena, Barton, Edward, Bashton, Matthew, Bassett, Andrew R., Batra, Rahul, Baxter, Chris, Bayzid, Nadua, Beaver, Charlotte, Beckett, Angela H., Beckwith, Shaun M., Bedford, Luke, Beer, Robert, Beggs, Andrew, Bellis, Katherine L., Berry, Louise, Bertolusso, Beatrice, Best, Angus, Betteridge, Emma, Bibby, David, Bicknell, Kelly, Binns, Debbie, Birchley, Alec, Bird, Paul W., Bishop, Chloe, Blacow, Rachel, Blakey, Victoria, Blane, Beth, Bolt, Frances, Bonfield, James, Bonner, Stephen, Bonsall, David, Boswell, Tim, Bosworth, Andrew, Bourgeois, Yann, Boyd, Olivia, Bradley, Declan T., Breen, Cassie, Bresner, Catherine, Breuer, Judith, Bridgett, Stephen, Bronner, Iraad F., Brooks, Ellena, Broos, Alice, Brown, Julianne R., Bucca, Giselda, Buchan, Sarah L., Buck, David, Bull, Matthew, Burns, Phillipa J., Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, Byaruhanga, Timothy, Byott, Matthew, Campbell, Sharon, Carabelli, Alessandro M., Cargill, James S., Carlile, Matthew, Carvalho, Sílvia F., Casey, Anna, Castigador, Anibolina, Catalan, Jana, Chalker, Vicki, Chaloner, Nicola J., Chand, Meera, Chappell, Joseph G., Charalampous, Themoula, Chatterton, Wendy, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Churcher, Carol M., Clark, Gemma, Clarke, Phillip, Cogger, Benjamin J., Cole, Kevin, Collins, Jennifer, Colquhoun, Rachel, Connor, Thomas R., Cook, Kate F., Coombes, Jason, Corden, Sally, Cormie, Claire, Cortes, Nicholas, Cotic, Marius, Cotton, Seb, Cottrell, Simon, Coupland, Lindsay, Cox, MacGregor, Cox, Alison, Craine, Noel, Crawford, Liam, Cross, Aidan, Crown, Matthew, Crudgington, Dorian, Cumley, Nicola, Curran, Tanya, Curran, Martin D., da Silva Filipe, Ana, Dabrera, Gavin, Darby, Alistair C., Davidson, Rose K., Davies, Alisha, Davies, Robert M., Davis, Thomas, de Angelis, Daniela, De Lacy, Elen, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, de Silva, Thushan I., Debebe, Johnny, Denton-Smith, Rebecca, Dervisevic, Samir, Dewar, Rebecca, Dey, Jayasree, Dias, Joana, Dobie, Donald, Dorman, Matthew J., Downing, Fatima, Driscoll, Megan, du Plessis, Louis, Duckworth, Nichola, Durham, Jillian, Eastick, Kirstine, Easton, Lisa J., Eccles, Richard, Edgeworth, Jonathan, Edwards, Sue, Bouzidi, Kate El, Eldirdiri, Sahar, Ellaby, Nicholas, Elliott, Scott, Eltringham, Gary, Ensell, Leah, Erkiert, Michelle J., Zamudio, Marina Escalera, Essex, Sarah, Evans, Johnathan M., Evans, Cariad, Everson, William, Fairley, Derek J., Fallon, Karlie, Fanaie, Arezou, Farr, Ben W., Fearn, Christopher, Feltwell, Theresa, Ferguson, Lynne, Fina, Laia, Flaviani, Flavia, Fleming, Vicki M., Forrest, Sally, Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer, Foulkes, Benjamin H., Foulser, Luke, Fragakis, Mireille, Frampton, Dan, Francois, Sarah, Fraser, Christophe, Freeman, Timothy M., Fryer, Helen, Fuchs, Marc, Fuller, William, Gajee, Kavitha, Galai, Katerina, Gallagher, Abbie, Gallagher, Eileen, Gallagher, Michael D., Gallis, Marta, Gaskin, Amy, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, Geidelberg, Lily, Gemmell, Matthew, Georgana, Iliana, George, Ryan P., Gifford, Laura, Gilbert, Lauren, Girgis, Sophia T., Glaysher, Sharon, Goldstein, Emily J., Golubchik, Tanya, Gomes, Andrea N., Gonçalves, Sónia, Goodfellow, Ian G., Goodwin, Scott, Goudarzi, Salman, Gourtovaia, Marina, Graham, Clive, Graham, Lee, Grant, Paul R., Green, Luke R., Green, Angie, Greenaway, Jane, Gregory, Richard, Guest, Martyn, Gunson, Rory N., Gupta, Ravi K., Gutierrez, Bernardo, Haldenby, Sam T., Hamilton, William L., Hansford, Samantha E., Haque, Tanzina, Harris, Kathryn A., Harrison, Ian, Harrison, Ewan M., Hart, Jennifer, Hartley, John A., Harvey, William T., Harvey, Matthew, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O., Heaney, Judith, Helmer, Thomas, Henderson, John, Hesketh, Andrew R., Hey, Jessica, Heyburn, David, Higginson, Ellen E., Hill, Verity, Hill, Jack D., Hilson, Rachel A., Hilvers, Ember, Holden, Matthew T. G., Hollis, Amy, Holmes, Christopher W., Holmes, Nadine, Holmes, Alison H., Hopes, Richard, Hornsby, Hailey R., Hosmillo, Myra, Houlihan, Catherine, Howson-Wells, Hannah C., Hsu, Sharon N., Hubb, Jonathan, Huckson, Hannah, Hughes, Warwick, Hughes, Joseph, Hughes, Margaret, Hutchings, Stephanie, Idle, Giles, Illingworth, Chris J., Impey, Robert, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Izuagbe, Rhys, Jackson, Chris, Jackson, Ben, Jackson, Leigh M., Jackson, Kathryn A., Jackson, David K., Jahun, Aminu S., James, Victoria, James, Keith, Jeanes, Christopher, Jeffries, Aaron R., Jeremiah, Sarah, Jermy, Andrew, John, Michaela, Johnson, Rob, Johnson, Kate, Johnston, Ian, Jones, Owen, Jones, Sophie, Jones, Hannah, Jones, Christopher R., Jones, Neil, Joseph, Amelia, Judges, Sarah, Kay, Gemma L., Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon-Paul, Keeley, Alexander J., Kenyon, Anita, Kermack, Leanne M., Khakh, Manjinder, Kidd, Stephen P., Kimuli, Maimuna, Kirk, Stuart, Kitchen, Christine, Kitchman, Katie, Knight, Bridget A., Koshy, Cherian, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kumziene-Summerhayes, Sara, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Lackenby, Angie, Laing, Kenneth G., Lampejo, Temi, Langford, Cordelia F., Lavin, Deborah, Lawton, Andrew I., Lee, Jack C. D., Lee, David, Lensing, Stefanie V., Leonard, Steven, Levett, Lisa J., Le-Viet, Thanh, Lewis, Jonathan, Lewis, Kevin, Liddle, Jennifier, Liggett, Steven, Lillie, Patrick J., Lindsey, Benjamin B., Lister, Michelle M., Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Loman, Nicholas J., Loose, Matthew W., Louka, Stavroula F., Loveson, Katie F., Lowdon, Sarah, Lowe, Hannah, Lowe, Helen L., Lucaci, Anita O., Ludden, Catherine, Lynch, Jessica, Lyons, Ronan A., Lythgoe, Katrina, Machin, Nicholas W., MacIntyre-Cockett, George, Mack, Andrew, Macklin, Ben, Maclean, Alasdair, Macnaughton, Emily, Madona, Pinglawathee, Maes, Mailis, Maftei, Laurentiu, Mahanama, Adhyana I. K., Mahungu, Tabitha W., Mair, Daniel, Maksimovic, Joshua, Malone, Cassandra S., Maloney, Daniel, Manesis, Nikos, Manley, Robin, Mantzouratou, Anna, Marchbank, Angela, Mariappan, Arun, Martincorena, Inigo, Nunez, Rocio T. Martinez, Mather, Alison E., Maxwell, Patrick, Mayhew, Megan, Mbisa, Tamyo, McCann, Clare, McCarthy, Shane A., McCluggage, Kathryn, McClure, Patrick C., McCrone, J. T., McHugh, Martin P., McKenna, James P., McKerr, Caoimhe, McManus, Georgina M., McMurray, Claire L., McMurray, Claire, McNally, Alan, Meadows, Lizzie, Medd, Nathan, Megram, Oliver, Menegazzo, Mirko, Merrick, Ian, Michell, Stephen L., Michelsen, Michelle L., Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Mirza, Jeremy, Miskelly, Julia, Moles-Garcia, Emma, Moll, Robin J., Molnar, Zoltan, Monahan, Irene M., Mondani, Matteo, Mookerjee, Siddharth, Moore, Christopher, Moore, Jonathan, Moore, Nathan, Moore, Catherine, Morcrette, Helen, Morgan, Sian, Morgan, Mari, Mori, Matilde, Morriss, Arthur, Moses, Samuel, Mower, Craig, Muir, Peter, Mukaddas, Afrida, Munemo, Florence, Munn, Robert, Murray, Abigail, Murray, Leanne J., Murray, Darren R., Mutingwende, Manasa, Myers, Richard, Nastouli, Eleni, Nebbia, Gaia, Nelson, Andrew, Nelson, Charlotte, Nicholls, Sam, Nichols, Jenna, Nicodemi, Roberto, Nomikou, Kyriaki, O’Grady, Justin, O’Brien, Sarah, Odedra, Mina, Ohemeng-Kumi, Natasha, Oliver, Karen, Orton, Richard J., Osman, Husam, O’Toole, Áine, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Padgett, Debra, Page, Andrew J., Park, Emily J., Park, Naomi R., Parker, Matthew D., Parmar, Surendra, Partridge, David G., Pascall, David, Patel, Amita, Patel, Bindi, Paterson, Steve, Payne, Brendan A. I., Peacock, Sharon J., Pearson, Clare, Pelosi, Emanuela, Percival, Benita, Perkins, Jon, Perry, Malorie, Pinckert, Malte L., Platt, Steven, Podplomyk, Olga, Pohare, Manoj, Pond, Marcus, Pope, Cassie F., Poplawski, Radoslaw, Powell, Jessica, Poyner, Jennifer, Prestwood, Liam, Price, Anna, Price, James R., Prieto, Jacqui A., Pritchard, David T., Prosolek, Sophie J., Pugh, Georgia, Pusok, Monika, Pybus, Oliver G., Pymont, Hannah M., Quail, Michael A., Quick, Joshua, Radulescu, Clara, Raghwani, Jayna, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Rainbow, Lucille, Rajan, Diana, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Ramadan, Newara A., Rambaut, Andrew, Ramble, John, Randell, Paul A., Randell, Paul, Ratcliffe, Liz, Raviprakash, Veena, Raza, Mohammad, Redshaw, Nicholas M., Rey, Sara, Reynolds, Nicola, Richter, Alex, Robertson, David L., Robinson, Esther, Robson, Samuel C., Rogan, Fiona, Rooke, Stefan, Rowe, Will, Roy, Sunando, Rudder, Steven, Ruis, Chris, Rushton, Steven, Ryan, Felicity, Saeed, Kordo, Samaraweera, Buddhini, Sambles, Christine M., Sanderson, Roy, Sanderson, Theo, Sang, Fei, Sass, Thea, Scher, Emily, Scott, Garren, Scott, Carol, Sehmi, Jasveen, Shaaban, Sharif, Shah, Divya, Shaw, Jessica, Shelest, Ekaterina, Shepherd, James G., Sheridan, Liz A., Sheriff, Nicola, Shirley, Lesley, Sillitoe, John, Silviera, Siona, Simpson, David A., Singh, Aditi, Singleton, Dawn, Skvortsov, Timofey, Sloan, Tim J., Sluga, Graciela, Smith, Ken, Smith, Kim S., Smith, Perminder, Smith, Darren, Smith, Louise, Smith, Colin P., Smith, Nikki, Smollett, Katherine L., Snell, Luke B., Somassa, Thomas, Southgate, Joel, Spellman, Karla, Chapman, Michael H. Spencer, Spurgin, Lewis G., Spyer, Moira J., Stanley, Rachael, Stanley, William, Stanton, Thomas D., Starinskij, Igor, Stockton, Joanne, Stonehouse, Susanne, Storey, Nathaniel, Studholme, David J., Sudhanva, Malur, Swindells, Emma, Taha, Yusri, Tan, Ngee Keong, Tang, Julian W., Tang, Miao, Taylor, Ben E. W., Taylor, Joshua F., Taylor, Sarah, Temperton, Ben, Templeton, Kate E., Thomas, Claire, Thomson, Laura, Thomson, Emma C., Thornton, Alicia, Thurston, Scott A. J., Todd, John A., Tomb, Rachael, Tong, Lily, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Torok, M. Estee, Tovar-Corona, Jaime M., Trebes, Amy, Trotter, Alexander J., Tsatsani, Ioulia, Turnbull, Robyn, Turtle, Lance, Twohig, Katherine A., Umpleby, Helen, Underwood, Anthony P., Vamos, Edith E., Vasylyeva, Tetyana I., Vattipally, Sreenu, Vernet, Gabrielle, Vipond, Barry B., Volz, Erik M., Walsh, Sarah, Wang, Dennis, Warne, Ben, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, Wastnedge, Elizabeth, Watkins, Joanne, Watson, Louisa K., Waugh, Sheila, Webster, Hermione J., Weldon, Danni, Westwick, Elaine, Whalley, Thomas, Wheeler, Helen, Whitehead, Mark, Whiteley, Max, Whitwham, Andrew, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Willford, Nicholas J., Williams, Lesley-Anne, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Cheryl, Williams, Chris, Williams, Charlotte A., Williams, Rachel J., Williams, Thomas, Williams, Catryn, Williamson, Kathleen A., Wilson-Davies, Eleri, Witele, Eric, Withell, Karen T., Witney, Adam A., Wolverson, Paige, Wong, Nick, Workman, Trudy, Wright, Victoria, Wright, Derek W., Wyatt, Tim, Wyllie, Sarah, Xu-McCrae, Li, Yavus, Mehmet, Yaze, Geraldine, Yeats, Corin A., Yebra, Gonzalo, Yew, Wen Chyin, Young, Greg, Young, Jamie, Zarebski, Alex E., Zhang, Peijun, Modat, Marc, Hammers, Alexander, Spector, Tim D., Steves, Claire J., Sudre, Carole H., Ourselin, Sebastien, Duncan, Emma L., Radiology and nuclear medicine, Peacock, Sharon [0000-0002-1718-2782], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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B900 ,Adult ,Multidisciplinary ,SARS-CoV-2 ,SARS-CoV-2/genetics ,Reinfection ,B100 ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,C500 ,Prospective Studies ,Hepatitis D ,COVID-19/epidemiology - Abstract
The Delta (B.1.617.2) variant was the predominant UK circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain between May and December 2021. How Delta infection compares with previous variants is unknown. This prospective observational cohort study assessed symptomatic adults participating in the app-based COVID Symptom Study who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from May 26 to July 1, 2021 (Delta overwhelmingly the predominant circulating UK variant), compared (1:1, age- and sex-matched) with individuals presenting from December 28, 2020 to May 6, 2021 (Alpha (B.1.1.7) the predominant variant). We assessed illness (symptoms, duration, presentation to hospital) during Alpha- and Delta-predominant timeframes; and transmission, reinfection, and vaccine effectiveness during the Delta-predominant period. 3581 individuals (aged 18 to 100 years) from each timeframe were assessed. The seven most frequent symptoms were common to both variants. Within the first 28 days of illness, some symptoms were more common with Delta versus Alpha infection (including fever, sore throat, and headache) and some vice versa (dyspnoea). Symptom burden in the first week was higher with Delta versus Alpha infection; however, the odds of any given symptom lasting ≥ 7 days was either lower or unchanged. Illness duration ≥ 28 days was lower with Delta versus Alpha infection, though unchanged in unvaccinated individuals. Hospitalisation for COVID-19 was unchanged. The Delta variant appeared more (1.49) transmissible than Alpha. Re-infections were low in all UK regions. Vaccination markedly reduced the risk of Delta infection (by 69-84%). We conclude that COVID-19 from Delta or Alpha infections is similar. The Delta variant is more transmissible than Alpha; however, current vaccines showed good efficacy against disease. This research framework can be useful for future comparisons with new emerging variants.
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- 2022
17. Author Correction: Genome-wide identification of Argonautes in Solanaceae with emphasis on potato
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Christina Dixelius, Zhen Liao, Ravi K. Singh, and Kristian Persson Hodén
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Multidisciplinary ,Phytophthora infestans ,Science ,Published Erratum ,Gene Expression ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Genome ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Argonaute Proteins ,Medicine ,Identification (biology) ,Author Correction ,Emphasis (typography) ,Phylogeny ,Solanaceae ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Plant Diseases ,Plant Proteins ,Solanum tuberosum - Abstract
Regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in many fundamental processes in plant biology such as development, fertilization and stress responses. The AGO protein family has here a central importance in gene regulation based on their capacity to associate with sRNAs followed by mRNA targeting in a sequence-complementary manner. The present study explored Argonautes (AGOs) in the Solanaceae family, with emphasis on potato, Solanum tuberosum (St). A genome-wide monitoring was performed to provide a deeper insight into gene families, genomic localization, gene structure and expression profile against the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Among 15 species in the Solanaceae family we found a variation from ten AGOs in Nicotiana obtusifolia to 17 in N. tabacum. Comprehensive analyses of AGO phylogeny revealed duplication of AGO1, AGO10 and AGO4 paralogs during early radiation of Solanaceae. Fourteen AGOs were identified in potato. Orthologs of AGO8 and AGO9 were missing in the potato genome. However, AGO15 earlier annotated in tomato was identified. StAGO15 differs from the other paralogs having residues of different physico-chemical properties at functionally important amino acid positions. Upon pathogen challenge StAGO15 was significantly activated and hence may play a prominent role in sRNA-based regulation of potato defense.
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- 2021
18. In Vitro Modulation of Redox and Metabolism Interplay at the Brain Vascular Endothelium: Genomic and Proteomic Profiles of Sulforaphane Activity
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Shikha Prasad, Mohammad A. Kaisar, Vikrant Vijay, Ravi K. Sajja, Luca Cucullo, and Varsha G. Desai
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Proteomics ,0301 basic medicine ,Cell Survival ,Blotting, Western ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,lcsh:Medicine ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Mitochondrion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antioxidants ,Article ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,0302 clinical medicine ,Isothiocyanates ,medicine ,Animals ,Glycolysis ,lcsh:Science ,Cells, Cultured ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Brain ,Lipid metabolism ,Genomics ,Immunohistochemistry ,Cell biology ,Oxidative Stress ,Metabolic pathway ,030104 developmental biology ,Mitochondrial biogenesis ,Sulfoxides ,lcsh:Q ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Drug metabolism ,Oxidative stress ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) has been shown to protect the brain vascular system and effectively reduce ischemic injuries and cognitive deficits. Given the robust cerebrovascular protection afforded by SFN, the objective of this study was to profile these effects in vitro using primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells and focusing on cellular redox, metabolism and detoxification functions. We used a mouse MitoChip array developed and validated at the FDA National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) to profile a host of genes encoded by nuclear and mt-DNA following SFN treatment (0–5 µM). Corresponding protein expression levels were assessed (ad hoc) by qRT-PCR, immunoblots and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Gene ontology clustering revealed that SFN treatment (24 h) significantly up-regulated ~50 key genes (>1.5 fold, adjusted p
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- 2018
19. Genome-wide identification of Argonautes in Solanaceae with emphasis on potato
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Ravi K. Singh, Christina Dixelius, Zhen Liao, and Kristian Persson Hodén
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Plant molecular biology ,Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plant evolution ,Gene duplication ,Gene family ,Agricultural Science ,Gene ,Biotic ,Nicotiana ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Solanum tuberosum ,030104 developmental biology ,Phytophthora infestans ,Medicine ,Solanaceae ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in many fundamental processes in plant biology such as development, fertilization and stress responses. The AGO protein family has here a central importance in gene regulation based on their capacity to associate with sRNAs followed by mRNA targeting in a sequence-complementary manner. The present study explored Argonautes (AGOs) in the Solanaceae family, with emphasis on potato, Solanum tuberosum (St). A genome-wide monitoring was performed to provide a deeper insight into gene families, genomic localization, gene structure and expression profile against the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Among 15 species in the Solanaceae family we found a variation from ten AGOs in Nicotiana obtusifolia to 17 in N. tabacum. Comprehensive analyses of AGO phylogeny revealed duplication of AGO1, AGO10 and AGO4 paralogs during early radiation of Solanaceae. Fourteen AGOs were identified in potato. Orthologs of AGO8 and AGO9 were missing in the potato genome. However, AGO15 earlier annotated in tomato was identified. StAGO15 differs from the other paralogs having residues of different physico-chemical properties at functionally important amino acid positions. Upon pathogen challenge StAGO15 was significantly activated and hence may play a prominent role in sRNA-based regulation of potato defense.
- Published
- 2020
20. The effects of cannabidiol on impulsivity and memory during abstinence in cigarette dependent smokers
- Author
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Chandni Hindocha, Tom P. Freeman, Meryem Grabski, H. Crudgington, A.C. Davies, J.B. Stroud, Ravi K. Das, Will Lawn, Celia Morgan, and H. Valerie Curran
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human behaviour ,lcsh:R ,biomarkers ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,working memory ,digestive system diseases - Abstract
Acute nicotine abstinence in cigarette smokers results in deficits in performance on specific cognitive processes, including working memory and impulsivity which are important in relapse. Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in cannabis, has shown pro-cognitive effects and preliminary evidence has indicated it can reduce the number of cigarettes smoked in dependent smokers. However, the effects of CBD on cognition have never been tested during acute nicotine withdrawal. The present study therefore aimed to investigate if CBD can improve memory and reduce impulsivity during acute tobacco abstinence. Thirty, non-treatment seeking, dependent, cigarette smokers attended two laboratory-based sessions after overnight abstinence, in which they received either 800 mg oral CBD or placebo (PBO), in a randomised order. Abstinence was biologically verified. Participants were assessed on go/no-go, delay discounting, prose recall and N-back (0-back, 1-back, 2-back) tasks. The effects of CBD on delay discounting, prose recall and the N-back (correct responses, maintenance or manipulation) were null, confirmed by a Bayesian analysis, which found evidence for the null hypothesis. Contrary to our predictions, CBD increased commission errors on the go/no-go task. In conclusion, a single 800 mg dose of CBD does not improve verbal or spatial working memory, or impulsivity during tobacco abstinence.
- Published
- 2018
21. Synergy of two low-affinity NLSs determines the high avidity of influenza A virus nucleoprotein NP for human importin α isoforms
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Rajeshwer S. Sankhala, Lixin Zhou, Nelly Panté, Wei Wu, Ravi K. Lokareddy, Nhan L. T. Nguyen, Tyler J. Florio, and Gino Cingolani
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Models, Molecular ,alpha Karyopherins ,0301 basic medicine ,Viral protein ,viruses ,Nuclear Localization Signals ,Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ,Molecular Conformation ,lcsh:Medicine ,Importin ,Plasma protein binding ,medicine.disease_cause ,environment and public health ,Article ,Virus ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Influenza A virus ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Binding site ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Viral Core Proteins ,lcsh:R ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Alpha Karyopherins ,Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Virology ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Mutation ,lcsh:Q ,Nuclear localization sequence ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) is an essential multifunctional protein that encapsidates the viral genome and functions as an adapter between the virus and the host cell machinery. NPs from all strains of influenza A viruses contain two nuclear localization signals (NLSs): a well-studied monopartite NLS1 and a less-characterized NLS2, thought to be bipartite. Through site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis, we found that NLS2 is also monopartite and is indispensable for viral infection. Atomic structures of importin α bound to two variants of NLS2 revealed NLS2 primarily binds the major-NLS binding site of importin α, unlike NLS1 that associates with the minor NLS-pocket. Though peptides corresponding to NLS1 and NLS2 bind weakly to importin α, the two NLSs synergize in the context of the full length NP to confer high avidity for importin α7, explaining why the virus efficiently replicates in the respiratory tract that exhibits high levels of this isoform. This study, the first to functionally characterize NLS2, demonstrates NLS2 plays an important and unexpected role in influenza A virus infection. We propose NLS1 and NLS2 form a bipartite NLS in trans, which ensures high avidity for importin α7 while preventing non-specific binding to viral RNA.
- Published
- 2017
22. Bladder Cancer Treatment Response Assessment in CT using Radiomics with Deep-Learning
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Chintana Paramagul, Kenny H. Cha, Elaine M. Caoili, Richard H. Cohan, Ajjai Alva, Alon Z. Weizer, Lubomir M. Hadjiiski, Heang Ping Chan, and Ravi K. Samala
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Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Treatment response ,Science ,Design elements and principles ,Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Deep Learning ,Radiomics ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,Bladder cancer ,Urinary Bladder Cancer ,business.industry ,Systemic chemotherapy ,Deep learning ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Treatment Outcome ,ROC Curve ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,Female ,Tomography ,Radiology ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Medical Informatics - Abstract
Cross-sectional X-ray imaging has become the standard for staging most solid organ malignancies. However, for some malignancies such as urinary bladder cancer, the ability to accurately assess local extent of the disease and understand response to systemic chemotherapy is limited with current imaging approaches. In this study, we explored the feasibility that radiomics-based predictive models using pre- and post-treatment computed tomography (CT) images might be able to distinguish between bladder cancers with and without complete chemotherapy responses. We assessed three unique radiomics-based predictive models, each of which employed different fundamental design principles ranging from a pattern recognition method via deep-learning convolution neural network (DL-CNN), to a more deterministic radiomics feature-based approach and then a bridging method between the two, utilizing a system which extracts radiomics features from the image patterns. Our study indicates that the computerized assessment using radiomics information from the pre- and post-treatment CT of bladder cancer patients has the potential to assist in assessment of treatment response.
- Published
- 2017
23. Development and validation of whole genome-wide and genic microsatellite markers in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): First microsatellite database (OpSatdb)
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Mary Rani K L, G. Ravichandran, Bhagya H P, Naveen Kumar P, Ravi K. Mathur, Sarika Sahu, P. Anitha, and Kalyana Babu B
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0301 basic medicine ,Genotype ,Population ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biology ,Arecaceae ,Palm Oil ,computer.software_genre ,Elaeis guineensis ,Genome ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene mapping ,Databases, Genetic ,education ,lcsh:Science ,Synteny ,Expressed Sequence Tags ,education.field_of_study ,Expressed sequence tag ,Genetic diversity ,Multidisciplinary ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Database ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,Chromosome Mapping ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Microsatellite ,lcsh:Q ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome, Plant ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
The availability of large expressed sequence tag (EST) and whole genome databases of oil palm enabled the development of a data base of microsatellite markers. For this purpose, an EST database consisting of 40,979 EST sequences spanning 27 Mb and a chromosome-wise whole genome databases were downloaded. A total of 3,950 primer pairs were identified and developed from EST sequences. The tri and tetra nucleotide repeat motifs were most prevalent (each 24.75%) followed by di-nucleotide repeat motifs. Whole genome-wide analysis found a total of 245,654 SSR repeats across the 16 chromosomes of oil palm, of which 38,717 were compound microsatellite repeats. A web application, OpSatdb, the first microsatellite database of oil palm, was developed using the PHP and MySQL database (https://ssr.icar.gov.in/index.php). It is a simple and systematic web-based search engine for searching SSRs based on repeat motif type, repeat type, and primer details. High synteny was observed between oil palm and rice genomes. The mapping of ESTs having SSRs by Blast2GO resulted in the identification of 19.2% sequences with gene ontology (GO) annotations. Randomly, a set of ten genic SSRs and five genomic SSRs were used for validation and genetic diversity on 100 genotypes belonging to the world oil palm genetic resources. The grouping pattern was observed to be broadly in accordance with the geographical origin of the genotypes. The identified genic and genome-wide SSRs can be effectively useful for various genomic applications of oil palm, such as genetic diversity, linkage map construction, mapping of QTLs, marker-assisted selection, and comparative population studies.
- Published
- 2019
24. An experimental investigation on the speed of sand flow through a fixed porous bed
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Ravi K. Jain, Xinjia Zhang, Tao Zhu, Yankun Liang, and Wanghua Sui
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Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Parallel flow ,Science ,Flow (psychology) ,Mineralogy ,01 natural sciences ,Bulk density ,Article ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0103 physical sciences ,Constant density ,Medicine ,Composite material ,010306 general physics ,Porosity ,Body orifice - Abstract
In this study, we document several experiments that investigate the speed of the flow of fine sand through a fixed porous bed of packed glass beads under various conditions, including the height of the sand column (H) and porous bed (h) and the diameter of the glass beads (D) and sand grains (d). The experiments are conducted with glass beads packed at a constant density and sand at a different dry bulk density. The results show that the height of the sand does not affect the speed of the sand flow. The speed of the sand flow (v) decreases with an increase in h until h approaches a certain value. An equation $${\boldsymbol{v}}={\boldsymbol{a}}\sqrt{{\bf{g}}{\boldsymbol{D}}}{\bf{l}}{\bf{n}}(\frac{{\boldsymbol{D}}}{{\boldsymbol{kd}}})$$ v = a g D l n ( D kd ) is proposed, where a and k are the experimentally determined coefficients. Moreover, the flow of sand through a fixed porous bed could be regarded as parallel flow through multiple pipes, and therefore, the relationship between D and the number and diameter of pipes, N and Dp, are discussed. Further investigations are needed for the result that the flow of sand through a porous bed or multiple parallel pipes cannot be simplified to flow through one orifice with a certain diameter.
- Published
- 2017
25. Synergy of two low-affinity NLSs determines the high avidity of influenza A virus nucleoprotein NP for human importin α isoforms
- Author
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Wu, Wei, primary, Sankhala, Rajeshwer S., additional, Florio, Tyler J., additional, Zhou, Lixin, additional, Nguyen, Nhan L. T., additional, Lokareddy, Ravi K., additional, Cingolani, Gino, additional, and Panté, Nelly, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Bladder Cancer Treatment Response Assessment in CT using Radiomics with Deep-Learning
- Author
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Cha, Kenny H., primary, Hadjiiski, Lubomir, additional, Chan, Heang-Ping, additional, Weizer, Alon Z., additional, Alva, Ajjai, additional, Cohan, Richard H., additional, Caoili, Elaine M., additional, Paramagul, Chintana, additional, and Samala, Ravi K., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Pathophysiological role of microRNA-29 in pancreatic cancer stroma
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Sarah C. Nabinger, Janaiah Kota, Jason J. Kwon, Jesse Gore, Ravi K. Alluri, Zahi Abdul-Sater, Zachary Vega, Zhangsheng Yu, Murray Korc, Romil Saxena, Smiti Snigdha Sahu, and Grzegorz Nalepa
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Stromal cell ,endocrine system diseases ,Cell Survival ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Mice, Transgenic ,Article ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ,Mice ,Stroma ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,Pancreatic cancer ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Animals ,Humans ,Smad3 Protein ,Pancreas ,Tumor microenvironment ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Pancreatic Stellate Cells ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Fibrosis ,Extracellular Matrix ,Enzyme Activation ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,MicroRNAs ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tumor progression ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Hepatic stellate cell ,business ,Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - Abstract
Dense fibrotic stroma associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the tumor bed and plays a crucial role in pancreatic cancer progression. Current, anti-stromal therapies have failed to improve tumor response to chemotherapy and patient survival. Furthermore, recent studies show that stroma impedes tumor progression and its complete ablation accelerates PDAC progression. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with tumor-stromal interactions, using in vitro and in vivo models and PDAC patient biopsies, we show that the loss of miR-29 is a common phenomenon of activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs)/fibroblasts, the major stromal cells responsible for fibrotic stromal reaction. Loss of miR-29 is correlated with a significant increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, a major component in PDAC stroma. Our in vitro miR-29 gain/loss-of-function studies document the role of miR-29 in PSC-mediated ECM stromal protein accumulation. Overexpression of miR-29 in activated stellate cells reduced stromal deposition, cancer cell viability and cancer growth in co-culture. Furthermore, the loss of miR-29 in TGF-β1 activated PSCs is SMAD3 dependent. These results provide insights into the mechanistic role of miR-29 in PDAC stroma and its potential use as a therapeutic agent to target PDAC.
- Published
- 2015
28. Cysteinyl leukotrienes regulate endothelial cell inflammatory and proliferative signals through CysLT2 and CysLT1 receptors
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Vinay Kondeti, Ravi K. Adapala, Farai Gombedza, Sailaja Paruchuri, Ernest Duah, Charles K. Thodeti, and Nosayba Al-Azzam
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MAPK/ERK pathway ,Leukotrienes ,Biology ,Article ,Umbilical vein ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,Humans ,Calcium Signaling ,Cysteine ,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ,Receptor ,Rho-associated protein kinase ,Cell Proliferation ,Receptors, Leukotriene ,rho-Associated Kinases ,Multidisciplinary ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Endothelial Cells ,Lipid signaling ,respiratory system ,Cell biology ,Enzyme Activation ,Endothelial stem cell ,Calcium ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), LTC₄, LTD₄, LTE₄ are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that act through two distinct G-protein-coupled receptors, CysLT₁R and CysLT₂R. Although cys-LTs are shown to induce vascular leakage and atherosclerosis, the molecular mechanism by which cys-LTs modulate endothelial function is not known. Here, we show that cys-LTs (LTC₄ and LTD₄) induce robust calcium influx in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through CysLT₂R, but not CysLT₁R. Further, cys-LT treatment induced endothelial cell (EC) contraction leading to monolayer disruption via CysLT₂R/Rho kinase dependent pathway. Furthermore, stimulation with cys-LTs potentiated TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression and leukocyte recruitment to ECs through CysLT₂R. In contrast, we found that both LTC₄ and LTD₄ stimulated EC proliferation through CysLT₁R. Taken together, these results suggest that cys-LTs induce endothelial inflammation and proliferation via CysLT₂R/Rho kinase and CysLT₁R/Erk dependent pathways, respectively, which play critical role in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
- Published
- 2013
29. TRPV4 channel activation selectively inhibits tumor endothelial cell proliferation
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Thoppil, Roslin J., primary, Adapala, Ravi K., additional, Cappelli, Holly C., additional, Kondeti, Vinay, additional, Dudley, Andrew C., additional, Gary Meszaros, J., additional, Paruchuri, Sailaja, additional, and Thodeti, Charles K., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pathophysiological role of microRNA-29 in pancreatic cancer stroma
- Author
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Kwon, Jason J., primary, Nabinger, Sarah C., additional, Vega, Zachary, additional, Sahu, Smiti Snigdha, additional, Alluri, Ravi K., additional, Abdul-Sater, Zahi, additional, Yu, Zhangsheng, additional, Gore, Jesse, additional, Nalepa, Grzegorz, additional, Saxena, Romil, additional, Korc, Murray, additional, and Kota, Janaiah, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Cysteinyl leukotrienes regulate endothelial cell inflammatory and proliferative signals through CysLT2 and CysLT1 receptors
- Author
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Duah, Ernest, primary, Adapala, Ravi K., additional, Al-Azzam, Nosayba, additional, Kondeti, Vinay, additional, Gombedza, Farai, additional, Thodeti, Charles K., additional, and Paruchuri, Sailaja, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Cysteinyl leukotrienes regulate endothelial cell inflammatory and proliferative signals through CysLT2 and CysLT1 receptors.
- Author
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Duah, Ernest, Adapala, Ravi K., Al-Azzam, Nosayba, Kondeti, Vinay, Gombedza, Farai, Thodeti, Charles K., and Paruchuri, Sailaja
- Subjects
- *
LEUKOTRIENES , *ENDOTHELIAL cells , *G protein coupled receptors , *ATHEROSCLEROSIS , *MYOCARDIAL infarction - Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that act through two distinct G-protein-coupled receptors, CysLT1R and CysLT2R. Although cys-LTs are shown to induce vascular leakage and atherosclerosis, the molecular mechanism by which cys-LTs modulate endothelial function is not known. Here, we show that cys-LTs (LTC4 and LTD4) induce robust calcium influx in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through CysLT2R, but not CysLT1R. Further, cys-LT treatment induced endothelial cell (EC) contraction leading to monolayer disruption via CysLT2R/ Rho kinase dependent pathway. Furthermore, stimulation with cys-LTs potentiated TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression and leukocyte recruitment to ECs through CysLT2R. In contrast, we found that both LTC4 and LTD4 stimulated EC proliferation through CysLT1R. Taken together, these results suggest that cys-LTs induce endothelial inflammation and proliferation via CysLT2R/Rho kinase and CysLT1R/Erk dependent pathways, respectively, which play critical role in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Diagnostic accuracy of mercurial versus digital blood pressure measurement devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Muniyandi M, Sellappan S, Chellaswamy V, Ravi K, Karthikeyan S, Thiruvengadam K, Selvam JM, and Karikalan N
- Subjects
- Blood Pressure, Child, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sphygmomanometers, Blood Pressure Determination, Mercury
- Abstract
This study aims to systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of a digital blood pressure measurement device compared to the gold standard mercury sphygmomanometer in published studies. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, EMBASE and Google Scholar host databases using the specific search strategy and filters from 1st January 2000 to 3rd April 2021. We included studies reporting data on the sensitivity or specificity of blood pressure measured by digital devices and mercury sphygmomanometer used as the reference standard. Studies conducted among children, special populations, and specific disease groups were excluded. We considered published manuscripts in the English language only. The risk of bias and applicability concerns were assessed based on the author's judgment using the QUADAS2 manual measurement evaluation tool. Based on the screening, four studies were included in the final analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and 95% confidence interval were estimated. The digital blood pressure monitoring has a moderate level of accuracy and the device can correctly distinguish hypertension with a pooled estimate sensitivity of 65.7% and specificity of 95.9%. After removing one study, which had very low sensitivity and very high specificity, the pooled sensitivity estimate was 79%, and the specificity was 91%. The meta-analysis of DOR suggests that the digital blood pressure monitor had moderate accuracy with a mercury sphygmomanometer. This will provide the clinician and patients with accurate information on blood pressure with which diagnostic and treatment decisions could be made., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Innate lymphoid cells are reduced in pregnant HIV positive women and are associated with preterm birth.
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Akoto C, Chan CYS, Tshivuila-Matala COO, Ravi K, Zhang W, Vatish M, Norris SA, and Hemelaar J
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Infant, Extremely Premature immunology, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious immunology, Pregnant Women, Premature Birth etiology, Premature Birth immunology, South Africa, HIV Infections immunology, Lymphocytes metabolism, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, Premature Birth epidemiology
- Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and child mortality worldwide. Globally, 1.4 million pregnant women are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS, the majority of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment (ART) have been associated with increased rates of preterm birth, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Acute HIV infection is associated with a rapid depletion of all three subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, which is not reversed by ART. ILCs have been found at the maternal-fetal interface and we therefore investigated the potential association between maternal HIV infection, peripheral ILC frequencies and preterm birth. In our study of pregnant South African women with accurately dated pregnancies, we show that maternal HIV infection is associated with reduced levels of all three ILC subsets. Preterm birth was also associated with lower levels of all three ILC subsets in early pregnancy. ILC frequencies were lowest in HIV positive women who experienced preterm birth. Moreover, ILC levels were reduced in pregnancies resulting in spontaneous onset of preterm labour and in extreme preterm birth (< 28 weeks gestation). Our findings suggest that reduced ILC frequencies may be a link between maternal HIV infection and preterm birth. In addition, ILC frequencies in early pregnancy may serve as predictive biomarkers for women who are at risk of delivering preterm.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Toward a terahertz-driven electron gun.
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Huang WR, Nanni EA, Ravi K, Hong KH, Fallahi A, Wong LJ, Keathley PD, Zapata LE, and Kärtner FX
- Abstract
Femtosecond electron bunches with keV energies and eV energy spread are needed by condensed matter physicists to resolve state transitions in carbon nanotubes, molecular structures, organic salts, and charge density wave materials. These semirelativistic electron sources are not only of interest for ultrafast electron diffraction, but also for electron energy-loss spectroscopy and as a seed for x-ray FELs. Thus far, the output energy spread (hence pulse duration) of ultrafast electron guns has been limited by the achievable electric field at the surface of the emitter, which is 10 MV/m for DC guns and 200 MV/m for RF guns. A single-cycle THz electron gun provides a unique opportunity to not only achieve GV/m surface electric fields but also with relatively low THz pulse energies, since a single-cycle transform-limited waveform is the most efficient way to achieve intense electric fields. Here, electron bunches of 50 fC from a flat copper photocathode are accelerated from rest to tens of eV by a microjoule THz pulse with peak electric field of 72 MV/m at 1 kHz repetition rate. We show that scaling to the readily-available GV/m THz field regime would translate to monoenergetic electron beams of ~100 keV.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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