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Abstract In a retrospective study, 54 patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) completed a free-viewing task in which they had to freely explore pairs of faces (an emotional face (happy or sad) opposite to a neutral face). Attentional bias to emotional faces was calculated for early and sustained attention. We observed a significant negative correlation between depression severity as measured by the 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and sustained attention to happy faces. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between depression severity and sustained attention to sad faces. No significant correlation between depression severity and early attention was found for either happy or sad faces. Although conclusions from the current study are limited by the lack of comparison with a control group, the eye-tracking free-viewing task appears to be a relevant, accessible and easy-to-use tool for measuring depression severity through emotional attentional biases in TRD.

Abstract Volatile Binding Media (VBM) are waxy solids that can be used for temporary consolidation of heritage artifacts and architectural surfaces thanks to their spontaneous sublimation at room temperature. They are used to temporary shelter, consolidate or protect materials during high-risk operation, such as excavation, transportation, water-based treatments, etc. Although they are employed since the 1990s, research focused almost entirely on one of them, cyclododecane (CDD), which is by far the most used in onsite applications. However, CDD exhibits some drawbacks, including a fixed sublimation speed that hardly fits into all the possible applications and climates, hence the development of new VBM is strongly needed. In recent years, a certain attention was addressed to menthol as a possible alternative, but the research on other possible substitutes is still lacking. In this paper, a range of different VBM for temporary consolidation of cultural heritage materials was prepared and investigated, including five pure compounds (CDD, cyclododecanol, cyclododecanone, menthol and camphene) and fifteen mixes. These new materials are expected to provide tunable properties in terms of melting temperatures and sublimation rates, allowing their use in a variety of climatic contexts and applications, and to exhibit better properties for onsite applications compared to CDD, such as lower flash point, lower hazard for conservators’ health and/or higher availability.

Abstract The therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) becomes more and more important due to their potential for cell replacement procedures as well as due to their immunomodulatory properties. However, protocols for MSCs differentiation can be lengthy and may result in incomplete or asynchronous differentiation. To ensure homogeneous populations for therapeutic purposes, it is crucial to develop protocols for separation of the different cell types after differentiation. In this article we show that, when MSCs start to differentiate towards adipogenic or osteogenic progenies, their dielectrophoretic behavior changes. The values of cell electric parameters which can be obtained by dielectrophoretic measurements (membrane permittivity, conductivity, and cytoplasm conductivity) change before the morphological features of differentiation become microscopically visible. We further demonstrate, by simulation, that these electric modifications make possible to separate cells in their early stages of differentiation by using the dielectrophoretic separation technique. A label free method which allows obtaining cultures of homogenously differentiated cells is thus offered.

Abstract We describe here a new process for the synthesis of very high quality 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), such a C2N and CN carbon nitrides. This process relies on the use of a metallic surface as both a reagent and a support for the coupling of small halogenated building blocks. The conditions of the assembly reaction are chosen so as to leave the inorganic salts by-products on the surface, to further confine the assembly reaction on the surface and increase the quality of the 2D layers. We found that under these conditions, the process directly returns few layers material. The structure/quality of these materials is demonstrated by extensive cross-characterizations at different scales, combining optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The availability of such very large, high-quality layers of these materials opens interesting perspectives, for example in photochemistry and electronics (intrinsic transport properties, high gap substrate for graphene, etc...).

Abstract The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with unfavorable cytogenetics treatment remains a challenge. We previously established that ex vivo exposure of AML blasts to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or fish oil emulsion (FO) induces Nrf2 pathway activation, metabolic switch, and cell death. The FILO group launched a pilot clinical study to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the adjunction of a commercial FO emulsion to 3 + 7 in untreated AML with unfavorable cytogenetics. The primary objective was complete response (CR). Thirty patients were included. FO administration raised the plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (p

Abstract Anxiety is recognized as a major health issue and is quite prevalent among older adults. An efficient way to manage anxiety is abdominal breathing. Breathing exercises seem to reduce anxiety and to increase parasympathetic activity assessed by HRV indexes. Yet, the effect of abdominal breathing on physiological stress (HRV) and anxiety in older adults remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the effects of deep and slow breathing (DSB, low inhale/exhale ratio) on physiological stress and anxiety in older adults (n = 22) in comparison with younger ones (n = 25). DSB increased significantly HFpower and reduced state anxiety in both younger and older adults. Interestingly, the increased in HF power was significantly higher among older adults than younger ones. As expected, the ratio inhale/exhale being not equal, RMSSD did not increase following DSB. Thus, we provide evidence suggesting that DSB is more beneficial to older adults than younger ones to restore vagal outflow. Despite future work being required, those results provide relevant clinical application leads to manage state anxiety among older adults and to promote successfull aging.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate the behavior of the venous-to-arterial CO2 tension difference (ΔPCO2) over the arterial-to-venous oxygen content difference (ΔO2) ratio (ΔPCO2/ΔO2) and the difference between venous-to-arterial CO2 content calculated with the Douglas’ equation (ΔCCO2D) over ΔO2 ratio (ΔCCO2D/ΔO2) and their abilities to reflect the occurrence of anaerobic metabolism in two experimental models of tissue hypoxia: ischemic hypoxia (IH) and hypoxic hypoxia (HH). We also aimed to assess the influence of metabolic acidosis and Haldane effects on the PCO2/CO2 content relationship. In a vascularly isolated, innervated dog hindlimb perfused with a pump-membrane oxygenator system, the oxygen delivery (DO2) was lowered in a stepwise manner to decrease it beyond critical DO2 (DO2crit) by lowering either arterial PO2 (HH-model) or flow (IH-model). Twelve anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs were studied, 6 in each model. Limb DO2, oxygen consumption ( $${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2}$$ V ˙ O 2 ), ΔPCO2/ΔO2, and ΔCCO2D/ΔO2 were obtained every 15 min. Beyond DO2crit, $${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2}$$ V ˙ O 2 decreased, indicating dysoxia. ΔPCO2/ΔO2, and ΔCCO2D/ΔO2 increased significantly only after reaching DO2crit in both models. At DO2crit, ΔPCO2/ΔO2 was significantly higher in the HH-model than in the IH-model (1.82 ± 0.09 vs. 1.39 ± 0.06, p = 0.002). At DO2crit, ΔCCO2D/ΔO2 was not significantly different between the two groups (0.87 ± 0.05 for IH vs. 1.01 ± 0.06 for HH, p = 0.09). Below DO2crit, we observed a discrepancy between the behavior of the two indices. In both models, ΔPCO2/ΔO2 continued to increase significantly (higher in the HH-model), whereas ΔCCO2D/ΔO2 tended to decrease to become not significantly different from its baseline in the IH-model. Metabolic acidosis significantly influenced the PCO2/CO2 content relationship, but not the Haldane effect. ΔPCO2/ΔO2 was able to depict the occurrence of anaerobic metabolism in both tissue hypoxia models. However, at very low DO2 values, ΔPCO2/ΔO2 did not only reflect the ongoing anaerobic metabolism; it was confounded by the effects of metabolic acidosis on the CO2–hemoglobin dissociation curve, and then it should be interpreted with caution.

Abstract Strict anaerobes are undeniably important residents of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung but are still unknowns. The main objectives of this study were to describe anaerobic bacteria diversity in CF airway microbiota and to evaluate the association with lung function. An observational study was conducted during eight months. A hundred and one patients were enrolled in the study, and 150 sputum samples were collected using a sterile sample kit designed to preserve anaerobic conditions. An extended-culture approach on 112 sputa and a molecular approach (quantitative PCR targeting three of the main anaerobic genera in CF lung: Prevotella, Veillonella, and Fusobacterium) on 141 sputa were developed. On culture, 91.1% of sputa were positive for at least one anaerobic bacterial species, with an average of six anaerobic species detected per sputum. Thirty-one anaerobic genera and 69 species were found, which is the largest anaerobe diversity ever reported in CF lungs. Better lung function (defined as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second > 70%) was significantly associated with higher quantification of Veillonella. These results raise the question of the potential impact of anaerobes on lung function.

Abstract The impact of pesticides on health is a major public health concern. A higher risk to develop chronic lymphoid malignancies has been demonstrated to be associated with occupational pesticide exposure (OPE). By contrast, little is known of the impact of OPE on the occurrence of myeloid malignancies especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this meta-analysis is to summarize data on the association between OPE and AML. A relevant dataset of case–control studies was extracted. Among 6784 references extracted, 14 were selected, representing 3,955 AML patients and 9,948 control subjects diagnosed between 1976 and 2010. An adverse association was found between OPE and AML (OR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.10–2.08), not affected by sensitivity analyses. Funnel plot asymmetry suggested a publication bias underestimating OR. Stratified analysis showed the association to be driven by studies with: (1) monocentric AML patients and hospital-based control population, (2) Newcastle–Ottawa scale > 6 and the group of studies identified as with the lowest risk, (3) exposure assessment through peer-to-peer interview, (4) diagnosis in North America and Asia and after 1995, (5) restriction to de novo AML. Moreover, the association between OPE and AML was significant with insecticides. These findings broaden the spectrum of pesticide toxicity to myeloid malignancies.