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2 results on '"Viciani E"'

1. The lower respiratory tract microbiome of critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Author

Gaibani P, Viciani E, Bartoletti M, Lewis RE, Tonetti T, Lombardo D, Castagnetti A, Bovo F, Horna CS, Ranieri M, Viale P, Re MC, and Ambretti S

Subjects
Aged, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid microbiology, COVID-19 diagnosis, Critical Illness, Dysbiosis complications, Female, Humans, Male, Microbiota, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Bacteria isolation & purification, COVID-19 microbiology, Dysbiosis microbiology, Lung microbiology
Abstract

COVID-19 infection may predispose to secondary bacterial infection which is associated with poor clinical outcome especially among critically ill patients. We aimed to characterize the lower respiratory tract bacterial microbiome of COVID-19 critically ill patients in comparison to COVID-19-negative patients. We performed a 16S rRNA profiling on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected between April and May 2020 from 24 COVID-19 critically ill subjects and 24 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung microbiome of critically ill patients with COVID-19 was characterized by a different bacterial diversity (PERMANOVA on weighted and unweighted UniFrac Pr(> F) = 0.001) compared to COVID-19-negative patients with pneumonia. Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Clostridium hiranonis, Acinetobacter schindleri, Sphingobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, characterized lung microbiome of COVID-19 critically ill patients (LDA score > 2), while COVID-19-negative patients showed a higher abundance of lung commensal bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, Veillonella dispar, Granulicatella spp., Porphyromonas spp., and Streptococcus spp.). The incidence rate (IR) of infections during COVID-19 pandemic showed a significant increase of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) infection. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibiotic pressure may predispose critically ill patients to bacterial superinfection due to opportunistic multidrug resistant pathogens.

Published
2021
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2. Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with tonsil colonisation by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Author

Viciani E, Montagnani F, Tavarini S, Tordini G, Maccari S, Morandi M, Faenzi E, Biagini C, Romano A, Salerni L, Finco O, Lazzi S, Ruggiero P, De Luca A, Barocchi MA, and Manetti AG

Subjects
Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport metabolism, Adolescent, B-Lymphocytes cytology, B-Lymphocytes metabolism, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes cytology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Cysteine metabolism, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Bacterial metabolism, Female, Humans, Infant, Leukocytes, Mononuclear cytology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Leukotrienes metabolism, Male, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 metabolism, Neutrophils cytology, Neutrophils immunology, Odds Ratio, Palatine Tonsil pathology, Palatine Tonsil surgery, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes genetics, Streptococcus pyogenes isolation & purification, Streptolysins genetics, Streptolysins metabolism, Toll-Like Receptor 4 metabolism, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Palatine Tonsil microbiology, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive etiology, Streptococcal Infections complications, Streptococcus pyogenes metabolism
Abstract

The involvement of pathogenic bacteria in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has yet to be elucidated. We investigated the possible role of group A streptococcus (GAS) in OSAS pathogenesis. In 40 tonsillectomized patients affected by OSAS and 80 healthy controls, significant (p < 0.0001) association of GAS with paediatric OSAS was found. Supernatant from streptolysin O (SLO)-producing GAS induced production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in tonsil mononuclear cells (TMCs). CysLTs-treated TMCs showed significant (p < 0.05) proliferation of CD4+ T, CD19+ and CD19+CD27+CD38+ B lymphocytes. We discovered a SLO-dependent activation of CysLTs production through a pathway involving TOLL-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and p38 MAP Kinase. In conclusion, we hypothesise that GAS may contribute to paediatric tonsillar hyperplasia through CysLTs production induced by SLO, and this might explain its association with OSAS.

Published
2016
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