Search

Abstract With the establishment of “Dual Carbon” targets and industrial restructuring in China, the transition from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry has facilitated the rapid development of the financial sector. However, the significant CO2 emissions embodied within inter-provincial trade result in carbon leakage, posing challenges in assigning equitable carbon reduction responsibilities to the financial sectors across the 31 provinces of China. This study establishes a framework for evaluating CO2 emissions of financial sectors through 134 samples of 60 listed financial enterprises in the 31 provinces, tracking the embodied CO2 emissions within inter-provincial trade by using a multiregional input–output approach. The results reveal that the total CO2 emissions of the financial sector in China surged from 4.591 to 12.423 Tg CO2-eq between 2012 and 2020. The regions with the highest annual net CO2 emissions are Anhui (0.244 Tg), Zhejiang (0.242 Tg), and Henan (0.211 Tg). The key factors influencing net CO2 emissions are in the following order of importance: net CO2 density, per capita added value of service industry, the proportion of finances in service industries, and population size. Based on the findings, this study provides policy implications: reducing net carbon intensity, enacting tailored carbon tax policies based on embodied CO2 emissions, and fostering interdepartmental collaboration to address the impact of carbon leakage.

Abstract For the polarization multiplexing requirements in all-optical networks, this work presents a compact all-fiber polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and an elliptical gold layer. Numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) demonstrates that the mode modulation effect of the central gold layer effectively reduces the dimensions of the proposed PBS. By determining reasonable structural parameters of the proposed PCF, the coupling length ratio (CLR) between X- and Y-polarized super-modes can approach 2, achieving a minimal device length of 0.122 mm. The PBS exhibits a maximum extinction ratio (ER) of − 65 dB at 1.55 μm, with an operating bandwidth spanning 100 nm (1.5–1.6 μm) and a stable insertion loss (IL) of ~ 1.5 dB at 1.55 μm. Furthermore, the manufacture feasibility and performance verification scheme are also investigated. It is widely anticipated that the designed PBS will play a crucial role in the ongoing development process of miniaturization and integration of photonic devices.

Abstract Satellite navigation positioning has become an indispensable component of everyday life, where precise pinpointing and rapid convergence are crucial in delivering timely and accurate location information. However, due to the damping of integer ambiguities and system residual errors, the rapid convergence of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) implementation is a significant challenge. To address this, this paper proposes a novel Carrier Phase Zero-Baseline Self-Differencing Precise Point Positioning (CZS-PPP) technique and its ionosphere-free fusion model. By employing the proposed CZS-PPP approach in separate scenarios involving BDS-3, GPS, and dual-system settings, we systematically validate the efficacy of the method. The experimental results indicate that the convergence time of the method is less than 4 min in a single-system scenario. Furthermore, in a dual-system scenario, the method can achieve rapid convergence in less than 3 min. The CZS-PPP technique presented demonstrates the elimination of integer ambiguities and the effective suppression of system residuals, in comparison to the conventional method. The proposed approach has demonstrated remarkable performance across different systems, offering a promising new pathway for achieving PPP fast convergence in BDS/GNSS.

Under high light (HL) stress, astaxanthin-accumulating Haematococcus pluvialis and β-carotene-accumulating Dunaliella salina showed different responsive patterns. To elucidate cellular-regulating strategies photosynthetically and metabolically, thylakoid membrane proteins in H. pluvialis and D. salina were extracted and relatively quantified after 0 h, 24 h and 48 h of HL stress. Proteomic analysis showed that three subunits of the cytochrome b6/f complex were greatly reduced under HL stress in H. pluvialis, while they were increased in D. salina. Additionally, the major subunits of both photosystem (PS) II and PSI reaction center proteins were first reduced and subsequently recovered in H. pluvialis, while they were gradually reduced inD. salina.D. salina also showed a greater ability to function using the xanthophyll-cycle and the cyclic photosynthetic electron transfer pathway compared to H. pluvialis. We propose a reoriented and effective HL-responsive strategy in H. pluvialis, enabling it to acclimate under HL. The promising metabolic pathway described here contains a reorganized pentose phosphate pathway, Calvin cycle and glycolysis pathway participating in carbon sink formation under HL in H. pluvialis. Additionally, the efficient carbon reorientation strategy in H. pluvialis was verified by elevated extracellular carbon assimilation and rapid conversion into astaxanthin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]