Search

The purpose of this study was to implore the association among clinical features, long-term fertility outcomes and the anatomical location of adenomyosis identified by ultrasound. We collected data of non-pregnant patients between 20 and 40 years old who had undergone surgical exploration for benign gynecological conditions at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. A total of 158 women met the inclusion criteria and were allocated into three groups according to the ultrasound-determined adenomyosis anatomical location: anterior (Group A), posterior (Group B), both posterior and anterior (Group C). 44.3% (70/158) adenomyosis was located at the posterior side. History of miscarriage and parity were significantly higher in Group C (p = 0.036 and 0.001 respectively). Group C also had a higher concurrence rate of ovarian endometrioma (OEM) (80.4%, p = 0.002), pelvic adhesion (80.4%, P = 0.003) and the revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) Score (median64, range2-100, P < 0.001), while a significantly lower rate of concurrent peritoneal endometriosis (P = 0.01). Group B showed a relative higher rate of coexistent heavy menstrual bleeding (28.6%, p = 0.04) and oviduct obstruction (24.3%, P = 0.038). Group A had a higher proportion of coexistent leiomyoma (53.1%, P = 0.002). There were no significant differences between group A, B, and C in terms of pain symptoms, endometrial polyps, operation time, and endometriosis fertility index score and other basic characters (p > 0.05). During the follow-up, 59.2% (61/103) patients had clinical pregnancies, and 26.2% (16/61) of them experienced pregnancy loss. Total in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer pregnancy rate was 64.6% (42/65) and spontaneous pregnancy rate was 50.0% (19/38). The Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated significant lower cumulative pregnancy rate in Group C than Group A and Group B (p = 0.01). Severe obstetric complications such as placenta previa, placenta accreta, preeclampsia, and preterm birth were only found in women with adenomyosis located in the posterior side. In conclusion, types of adenomyosis based on sonographic location had different clinical features and pregnancy outcome. Patients with adenomyosis lesion in both anterior and posterior sides had higher combination of OEM, pelvic adhesion and rAFS score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to implore the association among clinical features, long-term fertility outcomes and the anatomical location of adenomyosis identified by ultrasound. We collected data of non-pregnant patients between 20 and 40 years old who had undergone surgical exploration for benign gynecological conditions at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. A total of 158 women met the inclusion criteria and were allocated into three groups according to the ultrasound-determined adenomyosis anatomical location: anterior (Group A), posterior (Group B), both posterior and anterior (Group C). 44.3% (70/158) adenomyosis was located at the posterior side. History of miscarriage and parity were significantly higher in Group C (p = 0.036 and 0.001 respectively). Group C also had a higher concurrence rate of ovarian endometrioma (OEM) (80.4%, p = 0.002), pelvic adhesion (80.4%, P = 0.003) and the revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) Score (median64, range2-100, P < 0.001), while a significantly lower rate of concurrent peritoneal endometriosis (P = 0.01). Group B showed a relative higher rate of coexistent heavy menstrual bleeding (28.6%, p = 0.04) and oviduct obstruction (24.3%, P = 0.038). Group A had a higher proportion of coexistent leiomyoma (53.1%, P = 0.002). There were no significant differences between group A, B, and C in terms of pain symptoms, endometrial polyps, operation time, and endometriosis fertility index score and other basic characters (p > 0.05). During the follow-up, 59.2% (61/103) patients had clinical pregnancies, and 26.2% (16/61) of them experienced pregnancy loss. Total in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer pregnancy rate was 64.6% (42/65) and spontaneous pregnancy rate was 50.0% (19/38). The Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated significant lower cumulative pregnancy rate in Group C than Group A and Group B (p = 0.01). Severe obstetric complications such as placenta previa, placenta accreta, preeclampsia, and preterm birth were only found in women with adenomyosis located in the posterior side. In conclusion, types of adenomyosis based on sonographic location had different clinical features and pregnancy outcome. Patients with adenomyosis lesion in both anterior and posterior sides had higher combination of OEM, pelvic adhesion and rAFS score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents design, fabrication and cold test of an ultra-wide band travelling wave tube (TWT) with planar alignment multiple pencil beams. The fundamental double-mode of staggered double vane slow wave structure (SDV-SWS) rather than the only one mode are put forward and adopted to match with the same electron beam to increase the bandwidth greatly. Simultaneous planar alignment multiple pencil beam tunnels are designed to improve interaction impedance and then to enhance output power, gain, efficiency, growth rate. The transmission performance of a two-stage 51-period SDV-TWT in G-band with structure attenuator between two sections shows that it indeed has an ultra-wideband performance from 81 to 110 GHz. By using computer numerical control machining, the SDV-SWS was manufactured and a detailed cold test was conducted. Good agreement is found at the wide band, where S21 is above − 5 dB and S11 is below − 10 dB. 3D PIC simulations with double-mode multiple-beam SDV-TWT within total length of 70 mm show that it can get a nearly 2120 W peak output power, a 42.5 dB corresponding gain and a 10.7% electron efficiency at 94 GHz with a 22.1 kV beam voltage and a 3 × 0.15A beam current. The 3 dB bandwidth of our double-mode SDV-TWT can achieve about 29 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terahertz applications require high performance and high reliability terahertz radiation sources, especially the urgent demands of high output power and broad bandwidth. The extended interaction klystron (EIK) has the great potential to generate hundreds of watt output power in terahertz band. The terahertz EIK adopts multiple gap cavities and unequal-width slots structure is proposed with methodological improvement of bandwidth and output power. The unequal-width slots are the key design of the multiple gap cavity, and the influences of unequal-width slots on the electromagnetic field distribution and beam-wave interaction are analyzed in detail. With multiple gap cavities and unequal-width slots structure, EIK has advantages of wider frequency separation and larger effective characteristic impedance. Particle in cell (PIC) simulation indicates that the bandwidth of unequal-width slots structure can reach to 550 MHz in our initial G-band EIK design. Then, we utilize two kinds of resonance cavities with different width ratios to build a six-cavity beam-wave interaction system and make it operate at the state of stagger-tuning, the bandwidth can be extended to 1-1.5 GHz. Our research shows that the unequal-width slots structure has wider tuning frequency range. Furthermore, the bandwidth can be further broadened to over 2 GHz when dynamic-tuning is adopted, while maintains a high output power of 560 W with efficiency of 11.3% and gain of 47.5 dB. Thus, the methods of multiple gap cavities with unequal-width slots structure, stagger-tuning and dynamic-tuning are much important for the bandwidth improvement of EIK in terahertz band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]