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Kukuruz je jedna od najvažnijih ratarskih kultura koja pokazuje široke genetske i fenotipske varijacije. Zauzima važno mesto u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji kako u svetu, tako i u Srbiji. Glavni cilj oplemenjivanja kukuruza je dobijanje novih inbred linija odnosno identifikovanje novih hibridnih kombinacija koje će nadmašiti postojeće hibride po prinosu zrna i drugim agronomski značajnim osobinama. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita fenotipska varijabilnost 10 NS hibrida kukuruza različite genetičke osnove i grupe zrenja u agroekološkim uslovima Rimskih Šančeva, da se sagleda međuzavisnost prinosa zrna i drugih ispitivanih osobina primenom PCA i korelacione analize. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na visoko značajno variranje svih ispitivanih osobina izuzev dužine klipa. Značajnost razlika, na koju je ukazao F test, potvrđena je Dankanovim testom. Koeficijenti korelacije ukazuju na značajnu pozitivnu međuzavisnost između mase 1000 zrna i dužine klipa (r=0,698). PCA analiza je dala kompleksniju analizu međusobnih zavisnosti ispitivanih osobina i prinosa zrna. Najveće prinose postigli su hibridi koji su istovremeno ispoljili i visoke vrednosti nekoliko komponenti prinosa. Ostvareni prinosi su se kretali od 11210 kg ha-1 kod hibrida G-10 (FAO 600), do 14790 kg ha-1 kod hibrida G-3 (FAO 400). U ovom istraživanju su hibridi ranije grupe zrenja ostvarili veći prinos zrna, najviše zbog tolerantnosti na sušu. Zbog toga se teži stvaranju hibrida kukuruza koji će biti tolerantni na sušu i koji će se uspešno nositi sa negativnim posledicama globalnog zagrevanja., Maize is one of the most important field crops with broad genetic and phenotypic variations. It occupies an important place in agricultural production in the world as in Serbia. The main aim of maize breeding is to obtain new inbred lines, i.e. to identify new hybrid combinations that will surpass existing hybrids in terms of grain yield and other important traits. The aim of this study was to examine the phenotypic variability of 10 NS maize hybrids of different genetic bases and maturity groups in agroecological conditions in Rimski Šančevi, to consider the interdependence of grain yield and other tested traits using PCA and correlation analysis. The obtained results indicate a significant variation of all examined properties except for the ear length. The significance of the difference indicated by the F test was confirmed by the Duncan test. Correlation coefficients indicate a significant positive interdependence between the mass of 1000 grains and the ear length (r = 0.698). PCA analysis provided a more complex analysis of the interdependencies of the examined traits and grain yield. The highest yields were achieved by hybrids that simultaneously showed high values of several yield components. Yields ranged from 11,210 kg ha-1 in the G-10 hybrid (FAO 600), to 14,790 kg ha-1 in the G-3 hybrid (FAO 400). In this study, hybrids of earlier maturity achieved higher grain yields, mainly due to drought tolerance. Therefore, the goal is to create drought-tolerant maize hybrids that will successfully endure the negative consequences of global warming.

We analyzed variability and influence of investigated factors on grain yield of quinoa during three year period (2009, 2010, 2011). The experiment was conducted at two locations (Nova Pazova and Surduk), using two introduced genotypes of quinoa: KVL 37 and KVL 52. We detected that location and genotype had important impact. Grain yield varied according to years of study (1224 kg/ha to 1671 kg/ha). Results of regression and correlation analysis indicate on variation of the impact of plant height and number of plants per meter on the grain yield. Correlation coefficients were generally low and didn't show as significant. This indicates that these studies included small number of properties that can affect grain yield. In further work with this introduced species, more properties should be included., Analizirana je varijabilnost i uticaj ispitivanih faktora na prinos zrna kvinoje tokom tri godine (2009, 2010, 2011). Ogled je izveden na dve lokacije (Nova Pazova i Surduk) sa dva introdukovana genotipa kvinoje: KVL 37 i KVL 52. Setva je obavljena u aprilu, a žetva u avgustu. Analizirani su: visina biljaka (cm), broj biljaka po dužnom metru i prinos zrna. Konstatovan je značajan uticaj lokacije i genotipa. Prinos zrna varirao je po godinama ispitivanja (1.224 kg/ha do 1.671 kg/ha). Rezultati regresione i koralacione analize ukazuju na variranje uticaja visine biljaka i broja biljaka po dužnom metru na prinos zrna. Koeficijenti korelacija su uglavnom bili niski i nisu ispoljili značajnost. Ovo ukazuje da je u daljim istraživanjima poželjno povećati broj svojstava, koja bi mogla uticati na visinu prinosa.

Maize breeding program in the Maize Research Institute 'Zemun Polje' is continuously working to create hybrids with higher genetic potential and greater adaptability. New hybrids ZP 505, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600 and ZP 606 are hybrids of the last cycle of selection and they are characterized by a higher genetic potential and stability. Hybrids of early medium maturity group, ZP 341, ZP 362, ZP 427 and ZP 434 are recommended for planting in less favorable growing conditions, as data of stability parameters show values less than 1 (0.88-0.95), and hybrids of later maturity groups FAO 600-700 are more recommended for more favorable growing conditions, because they show values above 1 by Eberhart and Russell. Hybrids of maturity group FAO 500 are characterized by high yields and excellent stability (0.99 to 1.06). Correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between yield and ear length, and between yield and number of kernel rows., Program selekcije kukuruza u Institutu za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje' usmeren je ka stvaranju hibrida sa većim genetičkim potencijalom rodnosti i većom adaptibilnošću. Novostvoreni hibridi ZP 505, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600 i ZP 606 predstavljaju hibride poslednjeg ciklusa selekcije i upravo se odlikuju većim genetičkim potencijalom i stabilnošću. Hibridi srednjeranih grupa zrenja, ZP 341, ZP 362, ZP 427 i ZP 434 se preporučuju za setvu u manje povoljnim agroekološkim uslovima, jer po podacima parametara stabilnosti pokazuju vrednosti manje od 1 (0,88-0,95), a hibridi kasnijih grupa zrenja FAO 600-700 u više povoljnim agroekološkim uslovima, jer pokazuju vrednosti iznad 1 po Eberhart i Russell-u. Hibridi grupe zrenja FAO 500 se odlikuju visokim prinosima i izuzetnom stabilnošću (0,99-1,06). Korelacioni koeficijenti ukazuju na značajnu međuzavisnost između prinosa i dužine klipa, kao i između prinosa i broja redova zrna.

Relationships among quantitative traits of wheat were analyzed in parents and their F3, F4 and F5 hybrids. Three female parents (Briscard, Carifen 12 and Rescler) were crossed with two male parents (Francuska and PKB-Prelivka). Same crosses were repeated 4 years, from 1996 to 1999. Hybrids were obtained via pedigree and bulk selection. In year 2000 the field experiments were set up with all parental and hybrid material, at the Institute 'PKB INI Agroekonomik', in Padinska Skela, near Belgrade. Six traits were measured: plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight per spike. In parental genotypes, it was found grain mass per spike was in significant and positive correlation with 1000 grain mass and number of grains per spike. As in parents, correlation between grain mass per spike and 1000 grain weight was almost functional in F3, F4 and F5 hybrids. However, correlation between grain mass per spike and number of grains per spike was negative or slight positive in hybrid descendents, what is surprising because it is oppositely to the parents. Similar values of correlation coefficients were found in both applied methods of selection. This fact shows correlations change between generations. Grain mass per spike depends on a 1000 grain mass in both, parental and hybrid generations. Stable relationship between traits could be use for selection of high yielding genotypes., U radu su analizirani odnosi između šest kvantitativnih osobina (visina biljke, dužina klasa, broj klasića po klasu, broj zrna po klasu, masa 1000 zrna i masa zrna po klasu) kod roditelja i hibrida pšenice F3, F4 i F5 generacija dobijenih primenom dva metoda selekcije (pedigre i bulk). Hibridi pšenice dobijeni su ukrštanjem pet sorti, po M x N metodu. Tri sorte su korišćene kao majke (Briscard, Carifen 12 i Rescler), a dve kao očevi (Francuska i PKB-Prelivka). Od šest F1 hibrida (3x2) proizvedena su potomstva F2 generacije. Selekcija iz F2 generacije trajala je od 1996. do 1999., a u 2000. godini postavljeni su poljski ogledi sa celokupnim materijalom u Institutu 'PKB INI Agroekonomik' u Padinskoj Skeli. Vrednosti koeficijenata korelacije bile su slične kod potomstva F3, F4 i F5 generacije pri oba metoda selekcije. Najjača korelacija bila je između mase zrna po klasu i mase 1000 zrna.