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The purpose of this paper is to identify beef cattle production systems in the northwestern part of the state of Paraná, Brazil. To achieve this, interviews with 42 randomly selected cattle breeders were conducted between the months of November and December 2016 to describe the reality of the farms of this region. These interviews were carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire containing 49 questions pertaining to the reality of farms regarding herd management and property (nutrition, health, reproduction, and animal welfare), environment care, property area, and realized activities. Additionally, this questionnaire described the requirements of slaughterhouse for animal housing and the values obtained by the animals marketed according to the producers. After the interviews were carried out, a data bank was created using the software Microsoft Excel (ver. 2010). The data was later transferred to the software PASW 18 for Windows to perform multivariate statistical analyses. Defining the most representative variables was realizedwith multivariate statistical analysis, and these were represented by factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis to define the production systems. Through statistical analysis, three different systems were defined: the first production system has 18, the second production system five, and the third production system has 18 cattle breeders. The three systems found in the northwest region of the state of Paraná have different production and marketing characteristics, with the second system being superior to the other systems.

A qualidade da carne é influenciada por vários aspectos, dentre eles destacam-se abscessos vacinais e hematomas, pois são considerados fatores primordiais para a condenação de carcaças. Todavia, a perda econômica resultante de práticas errôneas de manejo poderá comprometer severamente a lucratividade tanto do frigorífico, como do produtor. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo estimar a frequência de ocorrência de abscessos e hematomas em carcaças de animais abatidos em um matadouro-frigorífico e analisar suas perdas econômicas. A quantidade de animais examinados foi determinada de acordo com o fluxo de abate do matadouro-frigorífico (10 - 20% de animais/dia). Foram coletados dados referentes à região e número de hematomas, localização do abscesso, peso das porções excisadas e a distância dos municípios de origem dos animais. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o método de estatística descritiva. Foi observado que a ocorrência das lesões foi 78% de natureza traumática e 45% de natureza abscedativa. A presença dessas lesões culminou em prejuízos econômicos, especialmente representando a depreciação no lucro do pecuarista de R$ 2,99 / animal. As análises de comparação entre as classes sexuais e as lesões, constataram que as fêmeas apresentaram maior ocorrência e distribuição de hematomas e abscessos em relação aos machos inteiros e castrados. Os hematomas foram mais frequentes na parte traseira dos animais, independente da distância, enquanto os abscessos restringiram-se ao quarto dianteiro. O peso dos tecidos descartados foi maior em fazendas com distâncias inferiores a 200 km do matadouro-frigorífico, contudo esses resultados foram influenciados pelo número de animais avaliados no grupo.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the substitution (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of corn by cassava wastewater dregs on carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of crossbred Santa Inês lambs. Forty male sheep, uncastrated with an average initial body weight of 20 ± 1.87 kg and five months of age, were used. These were housed in individual pens in a randomized block design with four treatments and ten repetitions and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. Quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the empty body weight (EBW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW) and carcass compactness index (CCI), with maximum points of 36.14, 19.45, 20.20 and 0.31 kg cm-1 for the replacement level of corn for cassava wastewater dregs, 50.0, 53.84, 54.04 and 45.45% respectively. There was also an effect (P < 0.05) on the weights of the rumen and “Buchada”, with maximum points of 0.909 and 6.25 kg per replacement level, 49.11 and 51.29% respectively. As for retail cuts, only the efficiency of the leg was altered (P < 0.05), having a linear increase while the other variables were not affected. Cassava wastewater dregs can be used in full as an alternative food in the diet of feedlot lambs without harming the main carcass characteristics and non-carcass components.

In this study, we evaluated the tissue composition, the ratios between different issues, and the allometric growth of tissues from the commercial cuts neck, shoulder, rib, and leg, and of the carcass of Texel lambs. Thirty uncastrated male lambs born from single calvings were used in this experiment. Lambs were weaned, confined individually, and distributed into five treatments with six replications. Each treatment consisted of a predefined slaughter weight (T23 – initial slaughter, T25, T30, T35, and T40). The proportion of bone decreased linearly in the shoulder, rib, and legs, but remained constant in the neck. The proportion of muscle decreased in the rib, whereas in the other cuts it remained constant. The percentage of fat increased as the slaughter weight of the lambs was increased, for all cuts. In all cuts and in the carcass, bone and muscle showed early growth (b < 1), whereas fat displayed late growth (b > 1). The proportion of bone decreased and fat increased linearly in the carcass, and the proportion of muscle was not influenced by the slaughter weight of the lambs. The muscle/fat ratio decreased in all cuts, and consequently in the half-carcass, as the slaughter weight was increased. The muscle/ bone ratio increased in the shoulder, rib, leg, and half-carcass, but there was no significant effect on the neck. The bone and muscle tissues showed early growth, whereas the fat had late growth in the different commercial cuts and carcass of Texel lambs. The tissue growth pattern of the shoulder may be representative of the allometric growth of the different carcass tissues. An increase in the slaughter weight of Texel lambs leads to a reduction of the muscle/fat ratio, due to the higher deposition of fat in the carcass of these animals.

Sensory characteristics of meat from different animal types, including cattle (Angus and Brangus) and buffalo raised at pasture, and information on socio-demographic determinants of consumer preference were evaluated. Samples of roasted rib eye were cut and served in a disordered and monadic manner to 188 untrained tasters. A nine-point hedonic scale was used to assess odor, color, tenderness, succulence and overall appearance. Analysis of variance was carried out using the GLM procedure of SAS®, considering animal type and socio-demographic characteristics as fixed effects and using the LSMEANS procedure for multiple mean comparisons. Differences (P < 0.001) between animal types were observed only for tenderness, with Brangus (7.02) and buffalo (6.82) meat being superior to Angus (6.25). Regardless of meat origin, age, income, smoking and place of purchase affected the perceived attributes (P < 0.05). People aged over 50 years gave higher mean scores for odor and color (P < 0.05), indicative of greater satisfaction and less demanding tastes when compared to other age categories. Despite the variability in the intrinsic characteristics, differentiation of meat by the consumer is not easy to determine, with little impact of sociodemographic characteristics on organoleptic perception. Meat from Brangus cattle and buffaloes raised at pasture was considered tenderer than that from Angus cattle raised under the same conditions by an untrained taste panel compared with.

Nowadays, there are numerous arrangements of Integrated Systems of Agricultural Production, due, the particularities of each region and/or rural enterprise. The use of dual-purpose species such as, for example, BRS Tarumã® wheat further intensifies the system, because there is plant-animal production in a short time. Study aimed to evaluate the production and chemical composition of dual purpose wheat pastures managed with different DAN during periods of spikelet terminal (ST) and anthesis (AN), aiming crop production (pasture and grain) and animal (milk and / or meat). The experimental randomized block design with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 Kg de N ha-1, in the form of ammonium nitrate) and four replications. The average biomass values before the first and the second grazing were respectively: 2,164 and 2,127 kg DM per hectare and the waste of about 824 and 1,772 kg of DM per hectare and the daily average accumulation rate between the two grazing DM was 86 kg per hectare at 17 day intervals. The variables, number of spikes per square meter, grain number per square meter, thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight and grain yield did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. Nitrogen fertilization increases linearly (P=0.0017) the size of the spikes depending on nitrogen rates. For the linear variable layering increased (P=0.0001), indicating the susceptibility of the crop to high levels of nitrogen. The application of nitrogen fertilizer levels in dual purpose grazed wheat before the spikelet terminal stage and anthesis does not influence on grain yield variables. The nitrogen fertilization on wheat double purpose must be fractionated at tillering and after each grazing increasing the remobilization rate of nitrogen by culture.

Currently, the practice of Crop-Livestock Integration is stimulated as a way of increasing the generation of foreign exchange for Brazil. Integrated systems improve land use efficiency as well as preserve, recover and increment or soil fertility. The aim of this research was to evaluate how different doses of nitrogen fertilization can affect production and quality of dual purpose wheat submitted to grazing. The experimental designed was randomized block with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 Kg N ha-1, like ammonium nitrate) and four repetitions. The forage yield, the percentage crude protein (P=.0001) and acid detergent insoluble protein (P=.0054) had a linear increased because of the nitrogen addition doses. The crude protein percentage changed the estimate of all soluble carbohydrates (P=.0001) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (P=.0186), but did not influence the, nitrogen detergent fiber corrected with ash and proteins percentage contributing for content cell. The crops production (P=.0001) and the number of kernels per ear (P=.0001) showed significantly difference because of the nitrogen additions dose, increasing the number of fertile flowers. The nitrogen topdressing alters forage production, the chemical composition and the production of dual purpose wheat grains subjected to grazing.

Objetivou-se identificar os sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte existentes no Noroeste do Paraná. Para isso foram entrevistados 42 pecuaristas escolhidos aleatoriamente para retratar a realidade da criação de bovinos na região, entre os meses de Novembro e Dezembro de 2016. Estas entrevistas foram por meio de um questionário semiestruturado contendo 49 questões que retratam a realidade das fazendas sobre o tipo de criação, o manejo da propriedade com os animais, os cuidados ambientais implementados na propriedade, área total e tipo de exploração da propriedade; como também retrata as exigências dos frigoríficos para as carcaças dos animais e os valores obtidos pelos animais comercializados segundo os produtores. Após a coleta, foi realizada a tabulação dos dados obtidos no programa Microsoft Excel 2010® para, então serem realizadas as análises multivariadas no pacote estatístico PASW 18 para Windows. Foram definidas as variáveis mais representativas para então serem realizadas as analises multivariadas, sendo as mesmas representadas pela Análise de Fatores, Análise de Agrupamento e Análise Discriminantes. A partir das análises os sistemas foram identificados como três grupos distintos de produção, o primeiro sistema é composto por 18 produtores, o segundo sistema por cinco produtores e o terceiro sistema constituído por 18 produtores. Os três sistemas possuem características de produção e comercialização diferentes entre si, porém, o sistema 2 mostrou-se superior aos demais. Portanto, na região Noroeste do Paraná existem três sistemas distintos de produção de bovinos de corte sendo o sistema 2 superior aos demais sistemas de produção.

This study was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Longissimus muscle of cattle from three genetic groups (ZEB - Zebu, LIZ - Limousin vs. Zebu and ANZ - Angus vs. Zebu) fed sorghum silage + 1.0% of body weight of concentrate or sugar cane + 1.2% of body weight of concentrate and were slaughtered at one of two fat thickness levels (3.4 or 4.8 mm fat thickness). Were used 36 bulls with age 21 months and weighing 330 ± 44.0 kg finished in feedlot after 115 or 147 days. There were no differences in moisture content (74.09%), ash (0.99%), protein (21.61%), total lipids (1.69%) and total cholesterol (37.83 mg/100 g of muscle) among the genetic groups and diets. The Longissimus muscle of animals slaughtered at 3.4 mm of fat thickness had higher moisture content (75.40%) and ash (1.03%) when compared to slaughtered 4.8 mm (72.78 and 0.96%, respectively). Genetic groups LIZ showed higher concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (0.45%) and omega 3 (0.98%) compared to ZEB (0.18 and 0.62%, respectively) and ANZ (0.25 and 0.70%, respectively). The diet consists of sugar cane resulted in increased deposition of fatty acid palmitoleic (3.07%) in relation to diet composed of sorghum silage (2.57%). This result was obtained due to higher activity of the enzyme ?9desaturase C16 in animals fed with sugar cane. Sorghum silage increased the deposition of acid 22:4 n-6 (0.14%) compared to sugar cane (0.10%). The fat thickness levels of the carcasses had no effect on fatty acid composition, except for the ratio omega 6/omega 3. The slaughter of animals with 3.4 mm of fat thickness provided the best ratio omega 6/omega 3 (7.33 vs. 8.63). The chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Longissimus muscle of animals analyzed in this study show little variation in terms of genetic groups, diets and fat thickness levels.Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo Longissimus de bovinos de três grupos genéticos (ZEB – Zebu; LIZ – Limousin vs. Zebu e ANZ – Angus vs. Zebu) alimentados com silagem de sorgo + 1,0% do peso vivo de concentrado ou cana-de-açúcar + 1,2% do peso vivo de concentrado, e abatidos em dois graus de acabamento (3,4 ou 4,8 mm de espessura de gordura de cobertura). Foram utilizados 36 bovinos com idade de 21 meses e peso médio inicial de 330 ± 44 kg terminados em confinamento após período de 115 ou 147 dias de alimentação. Não foram observadas diferenças (P > 0,05) nos teores de umidade (74,09%), cinzas (0,99%), proteína bruta (21,61%), lipídios totais (1,69%) e colesterol total (37,83 mg/100g de músculo) no músculo Longissimus entre os grupos genéticos e as dietas. O músculo Longissimus de bovinos abatidos com 3,4 mm de gordura de cobertura apresentou maior (P < 0,05) teor de umidade (75,40%) e cinzas (1,03%) quando comparado aos abatidos com 4,8 mm (72,78 e 0,96%, respectivamente). Bovinos do grupo genético LIZ apresentaram maiores concentrações (P < 0,05) de ácido eicosapentaenóico (0,45%) e ômega 3 (0,98%) em relação aos ZEB (0,18 e 0,62%, respectivamente) e ANZ (0,25 e 0,70%, respectivamente). A dieta composta por cana-de-açúcar resultou em maior (P < 0,05) deposição do ácido graxo palmitoléico (3,07%) em relação à dieta composta por silagem de sorgo (2,57%). Este resultado foi obtido em função da maior atividade da enzima ?9Dessaturase C16 nos bovinos alimentados com cana de açúcar. A silagem de sorgo proporcionou aumento (P < 0,05) na deposição do ácido 22:4 n-6 (0,14%) em comparação à cana de açúcar (0,10%). O grau de acabamento das carcaças não influenciou (P > 0,05) a composição dos ácidos graxos, com exceção para a razão ômega 6/ômega 3. O abate de bovinos com 3,4 mm de gordura de cobertura proporcionou melhor (P < 0,05) razão ômega 6/ômega 3 (7,33 vs. 8,63). A composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos do músculo Longissimus de bovinos analisados neste estudo apresentam pouca variação em função dos grupos genéticos, dietas e graus de acabamentos.

This work was carried-out to study the chemical composition and fatty acids profile among chuck, rump, striploin, topside and knuckle from crossbred (½ Nellore x ½ Charolais) heifers finished in feedlot. The knuckle, striploin and topside showed higher (P < 0.05) moisture (75.19, 73.87 e 74.36%) and ash contents (1.09; 1.08 and 1.13%) than the chuck (71.18 e 0.93%) and rump (71.58 e 1.07%), respectively. On the other hand, lipid contents of chuck (7.40%) and rump (5.19%) were higher (P < 0.05) than striploin (2.42%), topside (1.76%) and knuckle (1.69%). The chuck cholesterol content (57.63mg/100 g of muscle) was higher (P < 0.05) than striploin (49.71mg/100 g of muscle) and topside (46.55mg/100 g of muscle). The knuckle percentages of C 18:3 n-3 (0.98%), C20:4n-6 (1.88%), C 20:5 n-3 (0.74%), AGPI (9.34%), n-6 (7.61%) and n-3 (1.73%) were higher (PO objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a composição química e perfil de ácidos graxos entre acém, alcatra, contrafilé, coxão mole e patinho de novilhas cruzadas (½ Nelore vs ½ Charolês) terminadas em confinamento. O patinho, coxão mole e contrafilé apresentaram maior percentagem (p < 0,05) de umidade (75, 19; 73,87 e 74,36%) e cinzas (1, 09; 1,08 e 1,13%) em relação ao acém (71,18 e 0,93%) e alcatra (71,58 e 1,07%), respectivamente. Por outro lado, as percentagens de lipídios totais do acém (7,40%) e alcatra (5,19%) foram superiores (p < 0,05) aos observados no contrafilé (2,42%), coxão mole (1,76%) e patinho (1,69%). O colesterol total do acém (57,63 mg/100 g de músculo) foi superior (p < 0,05) ao observado no contrafilé (49,71 mg/100 g de músculo) e coxão mole (46,55 mg/100 g de músculo). As percentagens de C 18:3 n-3, C 20:4 n-6, C 20:5 n-3, AGPI, n- e n-3 do patinho (0,98, 1,88, 0,74, 9,34, 7,61 e 1,73%) foram superiores (p < 0,05) às observadas no acém (0,38, 1,13; 0,39; 4,22; 3,45 e 0,77%) e contrafilé (0,53; 0,93; 0,26; 5,16; 4,37 e 0,79%), respectivamente. Desta forma, os cortes que apresentaram menores riscos à saúde humana com relação ao perfil de ácidos graxos, foram o contrafilé, o coxão mole e o patinho.