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Individuals, societies, and the environment are affected by neglected and emerging diseases. These diseases result in a variety of severe outcomes, including permanent disabilities, chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease, and even mortality. Consequences include high health care expenditures, loss of means of support, social stigma, and social exclusion. The burden of these diseases is exacerbated in low- and middle-income countries owing to poverty, inadequate fundamental infrastructure, and the absence of health and social protection systems. The World Health Organization is committed to promoting the following public health strategies to prevent and control neglected tropical diseases: preventive chemotherapy; intensive case management; vector control; provision of safe drinkable water, sanitation, and hygiene; and veterinary public health. In addition, it promotes a One Health strategy, which is a collaborative, multisectoral, and interdisciplinary approach to achieving the greatest health outcomes by recognizing the interdependence of human beings, animals, plants, and their shared environment. This article provides knowledge and strategies for the prevention and treatment of neglected and emerging diseases, with a particular concentration on kidney diseases, as part of a comprehensive approach to One Health.

Burden of chronic kidney disease has increased exponentially worldwide, but more so in low- and middle-income countries. Specific risk factors in these regions expose their populations to an increased risk of CKD, such as genetic risk with APOL1among populations of west African heritage or farmers with CKD of unknown etiology that spans various countries across several continents to immigrant/indigenous populations in both low and high-income countries. Low-and-middle-income economies also have the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, both contributing to the high prevalence of CKD. The economies are characterized by low health expenditure, sparse or non-existent health insurance and welfare schemes and predominant out-of-pocket spending for medical care. This review highlights the challenges in populations with CKD from low-resource settings globally and explores how health systems can help ameliorate the CKD burden.