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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide. The dysregulated metabolism of lipid droplets (LDs) in cells is physiologically and pathologically linked to NAFLD. The development of fluorescent probes for imaging LD metabolism holds promise for noninvasive diagnosis and understanding of NAFLD. However, the development of such probes is challenging, and their in vivo diagnostic potential remains largely unexplored. Here, we present the synthesis of ZP-1 , a bright fluorophore serving as a specific probe for LDs. ZP-1 possesses a donor-acceptor electronic structure with intramolecular charge transfer characteristics and shows polarity-dependent emission. In highly polar solvents, such as water, ZP-1 exhibits minimal fluorescence, while in low-polarity solvents, it displays strong fluorescence. This property enables high-specificity LD detection with excellent imaging contrast. Attributed to its high photostability and pH stability, ZP-1 effectively visualizes LD metabolism in live cells via real-time imaging, encompassing processes such as growth, migration, fusion, and fission. Moreover, we demonstrate in vivo diagnosis of NAFLD in a mouse model, providing rich information regarding LD morphology, numbers, volumes, and tissue structures. This work introduces ZP-1 as a valuable tool for NAFLD diagnosis and research, facilitating noninvasive assessment and improved understanding of the disease. • An ICT-type fluorophore, ZP-1 , has been synthesized. • ZP-1 shows polarity-dependent emission. • ZP-1 targets lipid droplets (LDs) in live cells. • ZP-1 can monitor LD metabolism. • ZP-1 is capable of diagnosing NAFLD in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble fluorescence probe (TF) derived from fluorescein has been developed. This probe can be used to detect ClO − and Cd 2+ under physiological condition based on oxidation and coordination reactions, exhibiting almost 64-fold and 4-fold fluorescence enhancement. The experimentally observed changes in the structure and electronic properties of the probe in the presence of ClO − and Cd 2+ were modeled by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computational calculations. Moreover, the present probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of ClO − and Cd 2+ in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel conjugated polymer (P1) containing fluorene and ethyl 2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)acetate (PBMA) was designed and successfully synthesized through the Sonogashira coupling reaction. P1 shows high sensitivity and selectivity for Ag+ detection in comparison to other metal cations. Upon addition of Ag+, the fluorescent emission of the polymer solution in THF was quenched dramatically, accompanying the color changed from blue to green. The detection limit for Ag+ was 5×10−8 molL−1. However, the similar copolymers P2 and P3 containing 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, respectively, did not show such a selectivity for Ag+ detection. The 1H NMR measurements confirmed that the PBMA units play a key role for the selective recognition of Ag+. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A two-photon fluorescent probe for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) peroxynitrite was synthesized. • The probe showed rapidly and highly selective "turn-on" response to peroxynitrite. • The probe showed excellent ER targeting ability and worked well in Parkinson's disease models. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Peroxynitrite is the pivotal causative factor of ER stress. However, fluorescent probes for imaging the peroxynitrite in the ER are still lacking. In the present paper, we reported the design and synthesis of a two-photon fluorescence probe (ER-PN) for visualizing the ER peroxynitrite in PD models of living cells and C. elegans. ER-PN showed a rapidly and highly selective "turn-on" response to peroxynitrite over other biological species in vitro. Moreover, ER-PN showed excellent ER targeting ability and worked well in living systems for the ER peroxynitrite imaging. Noteworthy, ER-PN has been successfully applied for imaging the peroxynitrite in PD models, indicating its potential application for revealing the fundamental roles of peroxynitrite in ER stress-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]